Grammar parses for passage 3.13.1
Open translation for this passage
πλησίον δὲ ἔστι μὲν Κυνόρτου τοῦ Ἀμύκλα τάφος, ἔστι δὲ καὶ Κάστορος μνῆμα, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ἱερὸν πεποίηται· τεσσαρακοστῷ γὰρ ὕστερον ἔτει τῆς μάχης τῆς πρὸς Ἴδαν καὶ Λυγκέα θεοὺς τοὺς Τυνδάρεω παῖδας καὶ οὐ πρότερον νομισθῆναί φασι.
The sentence is a sequence of two clauses with ἔστι...ἔστι... and a final reported statement; the main syntactic difficulty is that φασι governs an infinitival clause with νομισθῆναι, while the earlier material consists of copular/existential clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | B | _ | 3 ἔστι | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of ἔστι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 3 ἔστι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First existential/copular predicate. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 3 ἔστι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | Κυνόρτου | Κυνόρτης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τάφος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τάφος. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἀμύκλα | det | high | Article modifying Ἀμύκλα. |
| 7 | Ἀμύκλα | Ἀμύκλα | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Κυνόρτου | appos | medium | Likely apposition/explanatory genitive with Κυνόρτου. |
| 8 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of existential ἔστι. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔστι | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 10 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second existential/copular predicate; analyzed as a second root in the coordinated sentence segment. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 10 ἔστι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 Κάστορος | cc | high | Connects with previous genitive name phrase. |
| 13 | Κάστορος | Κάστωρ | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 μνῆμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of μνῆμα. |
| 14 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἔστι | conj | medium | Conjunct to τάφος in the existential sequence. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔστι | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 18 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 18 αὐτῷ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 18 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | A-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 πεποίηται | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 20 ἱερὸν | cc | high | Connects another predicative element. |
| 20 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 πεποίηται | nsubj:pass | medium | Subject of perfect passive πεποίηται; alternatively could be predicative complement in a copular reading. |
| 21 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-3SRPI- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 10 ἔστι | conj | high | Conjunct predicate with ἔστι. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔστι | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
| 23 | τεσσαρακοστῷ | τεσσαρακοστός | ADJ | A-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ἔτει | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἔτει. |
| 24 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G | _ | 26 ἔτει | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 25 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D | _ | 26 ἔτει | amod | medium | Adverbial modifier of ἔτει; comparative adverb used attributively. |
| 26 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 41 νομισθῆναί | obl | high | Temporal dative modifying the infinitive/report. |
| 27 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 μάχης | det | high | Article modifying μάχης. |
| 28 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἔτει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἔτει. |
| 29 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 μάχης | det | high | Article modifying implied participial phrase. |
| 30 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 31 Ἴδαν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 31 | Ἴδαν | Ἴδας | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 μάχης | nmod | medium | Part of the prepositional modifier of μάχης; case/form somewhat uncertain in the transmitted text. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 33 Λυγκέα | cc | high | Coordinates with Ἴδαν. |
| 33 | Λυγκέα | Λυγκεύς | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 Ἴδαν | conj | high | Conjunct with Ἴδαν. |
| 34 | θεοὺς | θεός | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 41 νομισθῆναί | obj | high | Object of νομισθῆναι. |
| 35 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 παῖδας | det | high | Article modifying παῖδας. |
| 36 | Τυνδάρεω | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 παῖδας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of παῖδας. |
| 37 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 θεοὺς | appos | medium | Apposition to θεοὺς, clarifying identity. |
| 38 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 39 οὐ | cc | high | Coordinates with πρότερον under negation. |
| 39 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | G | _ | 40 πρότερον | advmod | high | Negation of πρότερον. |
| 40 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D | _ | 41 νομισθῆναί | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying νομισθῆναι. |
| 41 | νομισθῆναί | νομίζω | VERB | V-ANP-- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 42 φασι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασι. |
| 42 | φασι | φημί | VERB | V-3PPIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb of the final clause. |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 42 φασι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
δείκνυται δὲ πρὸς τῇ Σκιάδι καὶ Ἴδα καὶ Λυγκέως τάφος.
The syntax is straightforward, but Ἴδα is treated as a coordinated dative proper name dependent on the prepositional phrase, with case partly inferred from coordination.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δείκνυται | δείκνυμι | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, sentence root. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PCL | _ | 1 δείκνυται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 1 δείκνυται | case | high | Preposition governing the dative phrase. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Σκιάδι | det | high | Definite article modifying Σκιάδι. |
| 5 | Σκιάδι | Σκιάς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 δείκνυται | obl | medium | Dative object of πρὸς; proper name/toponym. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Ἴδα | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 7 | Ἴδα | Ἴδη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 δείκνυται | conj | medium | Coordinated with Σκιάδι; case inferred from the shared prepositional phrase. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 Λυγκέως | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | Λυγκέως | Λυγκεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τάφος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of τάφος. |
| 10 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 δείκνυται | nsubj | high | Subject of δείκνυται. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δείκνυται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
κατὰ μὲν δὴ τοῦ λόγου τὸ εἰκὸς ἐτάφησαν ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ καὶ οὐ ταύτῃ·
The phrase κατὰ μὲν δὴ τοῦ λόγου / τὸ εἰκός is syntactically somewhat formulaic; εἰκός is treated as a substantival accusative modifying the main predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 5 λόγου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἐτάφησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἐτάφησαν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 λόγου | det | high | Article modifying λόγου. |
| 5 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐτάφησαν | obl | high | Genitive complement of κατὰ. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 εἰκὸς | det | high | Article with εἰκός. |
| 7 | εἰκὸς | εἰκός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐτάφησαν | obj | medium | Likely acc. neut. substantive ‘likelihood/probability’; syntactically tied to the passive verb as object-like accusative of manner/relation. |
| 8 | ἐτάφησαν | θάπτω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 11 Μεσσηνίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίᾳ. |
| 11 | Μεσσηνίᾳ | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐτάφησαν | obl | high | Locative prepositional phrase. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ταύτῃ | cc | high | Coordinates the two adverbial elements/phrases. |
| 13 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 14 ταύτῃ | advmod | high | Negation with the deictic adverb. |
| 14 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 ἐτάφησαν | obl | high | Dative of place with negative polarity, contrasted with ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐτάφησαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |