Grammar parses for passage 3.17.8
Open translation for this passage
ὡς γὰρ δὴ διέτριβε περὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ναυσὶ τῶν τε ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων καὶ αὐτῶν Λακεδαιμονίων, παρθένου Βυζαντίας ἐπεθύμησε·
Main clause with temporal/causal frame introduced by ὡς; participial-like setting phrase around περὶ Ἑλλήσποντον and a genitive complement cluster, then finite verb ἐπεθύμησε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 4 διέτριβε | mark | high | Introduces subordinate/temporal-causal frame. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 4 διέτριβε | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 4 διέτριβε | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | διέτριβε | διατρίβω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 18 ἐπεθύμησε | advcl | high | Finite verb in the temporal/causal frame. |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | _ | _ | 4 διέτριβε | case | high | Governed preposition. |
| 6 | Ἑλλήσποντον | Ἑλλήσποντος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 διέτριβε | obl | medium | Likely object of περὶ; proper noun treated as oblique complement. |
| 7 | ναυσὶ | ναῦς | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 διέτριβε | obl | medium | Dative of accompaniment/instrument with διέτριβε. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | Article modifying Ἑλλήνων. |
| 9 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 11 Ἑλλήνων | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 10 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Ἑλλήνων | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 11 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπεθύμησε | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἐπεθύμησε, with article/adjective/particle cluster. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 Λακεδαιμονίων | cc | high | Connects coordinated genitives. |
| 13 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | medium | Possessive/identifying pronoun modifying Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 14 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Ἑλλήνων | conj | medium | Coordinate genitive with Ἑλλήνων. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐπεθύμησε | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 16 | παρθένου | παρθένος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπεθύμησε | obj | medium | Genitive complement of ἐπεθύμησε; semantics slightly uncertain. |
| 17 | Βυζαντίας | Βυζάντιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 παρθένου | amod | high | Attributive modifier of παρθένου. |
| 18 | ἐπεθύμησε | ἐπιθυμέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐπεθύμησε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καὶ αὐτίκα νυκτὸς ἀρχομένης τὴν Κλεονίκην---τοῦτο γὰρ ὄνομα ἦν τῇ κόρῃ---κομίζουσιν οἷς ἐπετέτακτο.
The parenthetical explanation (τοῦτο γὰρ ὄνομα ἦν τῇ κόρῃ) is attached as parataxis to the main verb; the genitive absolute νυκτὸς ἀρχομένης is treated as an adverbial clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 κομίζουσιν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction introducing the clause. |
| 2 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | _ | _ | 19 κομίζουσιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the main verb. |
| 3 | νυκτὸς | νύξ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀρχομένης | obl | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 4 | ἀρχομένης | ἄρχω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 19 κομίζουσιν | advcl | high | Participle in genitive absolute construction. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Κλεονίκην | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 6 | Κλεονίκην | Κλεονίκη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 κομίζουσιν | obj | high | Direct object of κομίζουσιν. |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 Κλεονίκην | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 Κλεονίκην | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 Κλεονίκην | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 10 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 ὄνομα | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν in explanatory parenthesis. |
| 11 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 13 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 12 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicate noun with εἶναι; analysis approximate. |
| 13 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 19 κομίζουσιν | parataxis | high | Copular verb in parenthetical clause. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 κόρῃ | det | high | Article with κόρῃ. |
| 15 | κόρῃ | κόρη | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἦν | obl | high | Dative of reference/possession in explanatory clause. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κόρῃ | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κόρῃ | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κόρῃ | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 19 | κομίζουσιν | κομίζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 20 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 21 ἐπετέτακτο | obl | high | Relative pronoun governed by ἐπετέτακτο. |
| 21 | ἐπετέτακτο | ἐπιτάσσω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 19 κομίζουσιν | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying οἷς; form is pluperfect middle/passive in sense. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 κομίζουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐν τούτῳ δὲ ὑπνωμένον τὸν Παυσανίαν ἐπήγειρεν ὁ ψόφος· ἰοῦσα γὰρ παρʼ αὐτὸν τὸν καιόμενον λύχνον κατέβαλεν ἄκουσα.
Two coordinated main clauses, each with participial circumstantial material; the second clause’s participles are syntactically a bit uncertain in attachment but most naturally depend on κατέβαλεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Pp | AdpType=Prep | 2 τούτῳ | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 2 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | PD--d--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 ἐπήγειρεν | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐπήγειρεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | ὑπνωμένον | ὑπνόω | VERB | V--ppp--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 Παυσανίαν | acl | medium | Adjectival participle modifying Παυσανίαν; voice/lemma somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-msa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Παυσανίαν | det | high | Article. |
| 6 | Παυσανίαν | Παυσανίας | PROPN | Npmsa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὑπνωμένον | obj | high | Object/participant of the participle. |
| 7 | ἐπήγειρεν | ἐπεγείρω | VERB | V3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-msa--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ψόφος | det | high | Article. |
| 9 | ψόφος | ψόφος | NOUN | Nbmsn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπήγειρεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπήγειρεν. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπήγειρεν | punct | high | Middle punctuation. |
| 11 | ἰοῦσα | εἶμι | VERB | V--ppaf--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 κατέβαλεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 12 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 18 κατέβαλεν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 13 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R--------- | AdpType=Prep | 14 αὐτὸν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 14 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3msa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 κατέβαλεν | obl | high | Object of παρά. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-msa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 λύχνον | det | high | Article. |
| 16 | καιόμενον | καίω | VERB | V--pppma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 17 λύχνον | amod | medium | Participial modifier of λύχνον; middle/passive form. |
| 17 | λύχνον | λύχνος | NOUN | Nbmsa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 κατέβαλεν | obj | high | Object of κατέβαλεν. |
| 18 | κατέβαλεν | καταβάλλω | VERB | V3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of second clause. |
| 19 | ἄκουσα | ἀκούω | VERB | V-sppaf--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 κατέβαλεν | advcl | medium | Likely circumstantial participle; exact syntactic nuance uncertain. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 κατέβαλεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἅτε δὲ ὁ Παυσανίας συνειδὼς αὑτῷ προδιδόντι τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ ἐχόμενος ταραχῇ τε ἀεὶ καὶ δείματι, ἐξέστη καὶ τότε καὶ τὴν παῖδα τῷ ἀκινάκῃ παίει.
Participial clause with causal/characterizing ἅτε; main clause has two coordinated finite verbs, with the first (ἐξέστη) governing the adverbial phrase and the second (παίει) taking a direct object and instrumental dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 5 συνειδὼς | mark | high | Causal/comparative particle introducing participial clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 ἐξέστη | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Παυσανίας | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 4 | Παυσανίας | Παυσανίας | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 συνειδὼς | nsubj | high | Subject of συνειδώς. |
| 5 | συνειδὼς | σύνοιδα | VERB | PAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 20 ἐξέστη | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main clause. |
| 6 | αὑτῷ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 7 προδιδόντι | iobj | medium | Reflexive dative; likely indirect object with προδιδόντι. |
| 7 | προδιδόντι | προδίδωμι | VERB | PAPDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 συνειδὼς | advcl | high | Participle dependent on συνειδώς. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | Article. |
| 9 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 προδιδόντι | obj | high | Direct object of προδιδόντι. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἐχόμενος | cc | high | Connects participial predicates. |
| 11 | διʼ | διά | ADP | _ | _ | 12 αὐτὸ | case | high | Preposition with acc. |
| 12 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 ἐχόμενος | obl | medium | Object of διά; causal sense. |
| 13 | ἐχόμενος | ἔχω | VERB | PMPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 5 συνειδὼς | advcl | high | Coordinate participial clause. |
| 14 | ταραχῇ | ταραχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐχόμενος | obl | high | Dative of respect/circumstance. |
| 15 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 14 ταραχῇ | advmod | medium | Enclitic connective with paired καί. |
| 16 | ἀεὶ | ἀεί | ADV | _ | _ | 13 ἐχόμενος | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐχόμενος. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 δείματι | cc | high | Coordinates the two datives. |
| 18 | δείματι | δέος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐχόμενος | obl | high | Second dative of circumstance/respect. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐξέστη | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 20 | ἐξέστη | ἐξίστημι | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; first coordinated predicate. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 28 παίει | cc | high | Coordinates with ἐξέστη/second predicate. |
| 22 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 28 παίει | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying παίει. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 παῖδα | cc | high | Coordinates object with previous object phrase/second accusative. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 παῖδα | det | high | Article. |
| 25 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 παίει | obj | high | Direct object of παίει. |
| 26 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 ἀκινάκῃ | det | high | Article. |
| 27 | ἀκινάκῃ | ἀκινάκης | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 παίει | obl | high | Instrumental dative with παίει. |
| 28 | παίει | παίω | VERB | VPAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 ἐξέστη | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐξέστη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |