Grammar parses for passage 3.9.1
Open translation for this passage
βασιλεύει τε δὴ Ἀγησίλαος ὁ Ἀρχιδάμου καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις ἤρεσε διαβῆναι ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν, Ἀρταξέρξην τὸν Δαρείου αἱρήσοντας·
The sentence has two coordinated predicates: Ἀγησίλαος is subject of βασιλεύει, while Λακεδαιμονίοις is the dative experiencer/subject of ἤρεσε with complementary infinitive διαβῆναι; αἱρήσοντας is a future active participle agreeing with the understood subject of διαβῆναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βασιλεύει | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 βασιλεύει | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 1 βασιλεύει | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Ἀγησίλαος | Ἀγησίλαος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 βασιλεύει | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀρχιδάμου | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀρχιδάμου | Ἀρχίδαμος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀγησίλαος | appos | medium | Patronymic/genitive identification: ‘son of Archidamus’. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἤρεσε | cc | high | Coordinates the two finite predicates. |
| 8 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἤρεσε | iobj | high | Dative experiencer/subject with ἤρεσε. |
| 9 | ἤρεσε | ἀρέσκω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 1 βασιλεύει | conj | high | Imperfect or aorist-form ambiguity is not represented in the surface accent here; parsed as past indicative. |
| 10 | διαβῆναι | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἤρεσε | xcomp | high | |
| 11 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 διαβῆναι | obl | high | Means/instrument dative, ‘by ship’. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Ἀσίαν | case | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Ἀσίαν | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀσίαν | Ἀσία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 διαβῆναι | obl | high | Destination with ἐς. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 διαβῆναι | punct | high | |
| 16 | Ἀρταξέρξην | Ἀρταξέρξης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 αἱρήσοντας | obj | high | Object of αἱρήσοντας. |
| 17 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Δαρείου | det | high | |
| 18 | Δαρείου | Δαρεῖος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Ἀρταξέρξην | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive: ‘son of Darius’. |
| 19 | αἱρήσοντας | αἱρέω | VERB | V-FPANPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 10 διαβῆναι | advcl | medium | Future participle of purpose, agreeing with the understood plural subject of διαβῆναι. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 βασιλεύει | punct | high |
ἐδιδάσκοντο γὰρ ὑπό τε ἄλλων τῶν ἐν τέλει καὶ μάλιστα ὑπὸ Λυσάνδρου μὴ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην σφίσιν ἐν τῷ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους πολέμῳ, Κῦρον δὲ εἶναι τὸν τὰ χρήματα διδόντα ἐς τὰς ναῦς.
Accusative-and-infinitive construction depends on ἐδιδάσκοντο: the implied subject is τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην with μὴ, contrasted with Κῦρον as the subject of εἶναι; τὸν ... διδόντα is a predicative accusative participle agreeing with Κῦρον. The first ὑπό phrase is coordinated with the second; τῶν ἐν τέλει is substantivized and ὑπὸ Λυσάνδρου is emphasized by μάλιστα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐδιδάσκοντο | διδάσκω | VERB | V-3IIM/PN-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect passive, ‘were taught/instructed’. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | CS | _ | 1 ἐδιδάσκοντο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ὑπό | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 5 ἄλλων | case | high | Agent preposition with genitive. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 3 ὑπό | cc | high | Correlative τε with later καὶ. |
| 5 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A- GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐδιδάσκοντο | obl:agent | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated agent. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἄλλων | det | high | Article with substantivized ἐν τέλει phrase. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 8 τέλει | case | high | |
| 8 | τέλει | τέλος | NOUN | N-D SDN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἄλλων | nmod | high | ἐν τέλει, ‘in office/in authority’. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 11 ὑπὸ | cc | high | Coordinates the second agent phrase. |
| 10 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 11 ὑπὸ | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying the following agent phrase. |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 12 Λυσάνδρου | case | high | Agent preposition with genitive. |
| 12 | Λυσάνδρου | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐδιδάσκοντο | obl:agent | high | |
| 13 | μὴ | μή | PART | T_N | Polarity=Neg | 15 Ἀρταξέρξην | advmod | high | Negates the first accusative-infinitive proposition. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ἀρταξέρξην | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἀρταξέρξην | Ἀρταξέρξης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι, within coordinated proposition. |
| 16 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 21 πολέμῳ | obl | medium | Reflexive/third-person plural dative, ‘for them’; antecedent is understood subject of ἐδιδάσκοντο. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 21 πολέμῳ | case | high | |
| 18 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 πολέμῳ | det | high | |
| 19 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 20 Ἀθηναίους | case | high | With accusative, ‘against’. |
| 20 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 πολέμῳ | nmod | high | Object of πρὸς. |
| 21 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ἀρταξέρξην | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐν. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 23 | Κῦρον | Κῦρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι, coordinated contrastively with Ἀρταξέρξην. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 Κῦρον | cc | high | Adversative coordination, ‘but’. |
| 25 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V- PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἐδιδάσκοντο | ccomp | high | Infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 26 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 διδόντα | det | high | Article introducing predicative participle. |
| 27 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 χρήματα | det | high | |
| 28 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 διδόντα | obj | high | Object of διδόντα. |
| 29 | διδόντα | δίδωμι | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative participle agreeing with Κῦρον. |
| 30 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 32 ναῦς | case | high | Directional preposition with accusative. |
| 31 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | RA-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 ναῦς | det | high | |
| 32 | ναῦς | ναῦς | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 29 διδόντα | obl | high | Goal/purpose complement: funds for the ships. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐδιδάσκοντο | punct | high |
Ἀγησίλαος δὲ---ἀπεδείχθη γὰρ διαβιβάσαι τε ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν τὸν στρατὸν καὶ δυνάμεως ἡγεμὼν τῆς πεζῆς---περιέπεμπεν ἔς τε Πελοπόννησον πλὴν Ἄργους καὶ ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας τοὺς ἐκτὸς Ἰσθμοῦ, συμμαχεῖν σφισιν ἐπαγγέλλων.
The dash-enclosed material is a parenthetical explanation of Ἀγησίλαος; ἀπεδείχθη introduces compressed infinitival/predicative complements, while ἐπαγγέλλων governs συμμαχεῖν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀγησίλαος | Ἀγησίλαος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 περιέπεμπεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 23 περιέπεμπεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 6 ἀπεδείχθη | punct | high | Dash opening parenthetical interruption. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 6 ἀπεδείχθη | punct | high | Dash within parenthetical interruption. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 6 ἀπεδείχθη | punct | high | Dash within parenthetical interruption. |
| 6 | ἀπεδείχθη | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | v3siap--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 23 περιέπεμπεν | parataxis | high | Parenthetical explanatory verb. |
| 7 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | g-------- | _ | 6 ἀπεδείχθη | discourse | medium | Explanatory particle; relation conventionally discourse. |
| 8 | διαβιβάσαι | διαβιβάζω | VERB | v--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἀπεδείχθη | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἀπεδείχθη. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 8 διαβιβάσαι | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 12 Ἀσίαν | case | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-saf--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀσίαν | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀσίαν | Ἀσία | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 διαβιβάσαι | obj | high | |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-sam--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 στρατὸν | det | high | |
| 14 | στρατὸν | στρατός | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 διαβιβάσαι | obj | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 17 ἡγεμὼν | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival/complementary phrase. |
| 16 | δυνάμεως | δύναμις | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἡγεμὼν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἡγεμών, likely partitive/qualifying. |
| 17 | ἡγεμὼν | ἡγεμών | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπεδείχθη | xcomp | medium | Predicative infinitival complement understood with ἀπεδείχθη; syntax is compressed. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-sfg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 πεζῆς | det | high | |
| 19 | πεζῆς | πεζός | ADJ | a-sfg--- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 δυνάμεως | amod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying δύναμις. |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 6 ἀπεδείχθη | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical interruption. |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 6 ἀπεδείχθη | punct | high | Dash within parenthetical interruption. |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 6 ἀπεδείχθη | punct | high | Dash closing parenthetical interruption. |
| 23 | περιέπεμπεν | περιπέμπω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 24 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 26 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | |
| 25 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 23 περιέπεμπεν | cc | high | Correlative coordination with καί at token 29. |
| 26 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 περιέπεμπεν | obl | high | |
| 27 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 28 Ἄργους | case | high | Exceptive preposition. |
| 28 | Ἄργους | Ἄργος | PROPN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 Πελοπόννησον | obl | medium | Genitive after πλήν; syntactically an exception within the destination phrase. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 23 περιέπεμπεν | cc | high | Coordinates the two destination phrases with τε. |
| 30 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 32 Ἕλληνας | case | high | |
| 31 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-pam--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 Ἕλληνας | det | high | |
| 32 | Ἕλληνας | Ἕλλην | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 περιέπεμπεν | obl | high | |
| 33 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-pam--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 Ἕλληνας | det | high | Article introducing a restrictive attributive phrase. |
| 34 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADV | d-------- | _ | 35 Ἰσθμοῦ | case | high | Preposition-like adverb governing the genitive. |
| 35 | Ἰσθμοῦ | Ἰσθμός | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἐκτὸς | obl | high | |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 39 ἐπαγγέλλων | punct | high | |
| 37 | συμμαχεῖν | συμμαχέω | VERB | v--pna--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 39 ἐπαγγέλλων | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἐπαγγέλλων. |
| 38 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 37 συμμαχεῖν | iobj | high | Dative of alliance/interest. |
| 39 | ἐπαγγέλλων | ἐπαγγέλλω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 περιέπεμπεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject Ἀγησίλαος. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 23 περιέπεμπεν | punct | high |