Grammar parses for passage 4.1.1
Open translation for this passage
Μεσσηνίοις δὲ πρὸς τὴν σφετέραν τὴν ἀπονεμηθεῖσαν ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως ἐς τὸ Λακωνικὸν ὅροι κατὰ τὴν Γερηνίαν εἰσὶν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἡ ὀνομαζομένη Χοίριος νάπη.
The sentence has an existential/copular structure: ὅροι εἰσὶν ... νάπη, with the named landmark in apposition; the accusative participial phrase specifies the territory assigned to the Messenians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Neut? Dat Pl? | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 εἰσὶν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference: ‘for the Messenians’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 εἰσὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ἀπονεμηθεῖσαν | case | high | Introduces the accusative phrase relating to the assigned territory. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art Acc Sg Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 σφετέραν | det | high | |
| 5 | σφετέραν | σφέτερος | DET | Poss Acc Sg Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes | 7 ἀπονεμηθεῖσαν | det | high | Possessive determiner modifying τὴν ... ἀπονεμηθεῖσαν. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art Acc Sg Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπονεμηθεῖσαν | det | high | Article with substantivized participle. |
| 7 | ἀπονεμηθεῖσαν | ἀπονέμω | VERB | Part Aor Pass Acc Sg Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 18 εἰσὶν | obl | high | Substantivized aorist passive participle: ‘the portion assigned’. |
| 8 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 βασιλέως | case | high | Agent phrase with passive participle. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art Gen Sg Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 βασιλέως | det | high | |
| 10 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N Gen Sg Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπονεμηθεῖσαν | obl:agent | high | Agent of ἀπονεμηθεῖσαν. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 Λακωνικὸν | case | high | |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art Acc Sg Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 Λακωνικὸν | det | high | |
| 13 | Λακωνικὸν | Λακωνικός | ADJ | A Acc Sg Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπονεμηθεῖσαν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘the Laconian region’. |
| 14 | ὅροι | ὅρος | NOUN | N Nom Pl Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσίν. |
| 15 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Γερηνίαν | case | high | |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art Acc Sg Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Γερηνίαν | det | high | |
| 17 | Γερηνίαν | Γερηνία | PROPN | N Acc Sg Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ὅροι | nmod | high | Geographical specification of the boundary markers. |
| 18 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V Pres Act Indic 3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate. |
| 19 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 ἡμῶν | case | high | With genitive, ‘in the time of’. |
| 20 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P Gen Pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 18 εἰσὶν | obl:tmod | high | Temporal genitive: ‘in our time’. |
| 21 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Art Nom Sg Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ὀνομαζομένη | det | high | |
| 22 | ὀνομαζομένη | ὀνομάζω | VERB | Part Pres Mid Pass Nom Sg Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 24 νάπη | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying νάπη. |
| 23 | Χοίριος | Χοίριος | PROPN | N Nom Sg Fem? | Case=Nom|Number=Sing | 24 νάπη | compound | medium | Place-name element; gender/declension are uncertain in isolation. |
| 24 | νάπη | νάπη | NOUN | N Nom Sg Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ὅροι | appos | high | Apposition identifying the boundary landmark ὅροι. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 εἰσὶν | punct | high |
ταύτην τὴν χώραν ἔρημον οὖσαν οὕτω σχεῖν τοὺς πρώτους λέγουσιν οἰκήτορας·
Accusative ταύτην τὴν χώραν with predicative ἔρημον οὖσαν is the subject of the infinitive σχεῖν in an accusative-and-infinitive construction governed by λέγουσιν; τοὺς πρώτους οἰκήτορας is the accusative subject of λέγουσιν, with οἰκήτορας appositive to πρώτους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | PD--AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 χώραν | det | high | |
| 2 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DA--AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 χώραν | det | high | |
| 3 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 σχεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | ἔρημον | ἔρημος | ADJ | A-----AFS- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 οὖσαν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective agreeing with χώραν. |
| 5 | οὖσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 χώραν | acl | high | Participial predicate within the infinitival clause. |
| 6 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | D-------- | AdvType=Man | 7 σχεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | σχεῖν | ἔχω | VERB | V--AAN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Aorist infinitive governed by λέγουσιν. |
| 8 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DA--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 οἰκήτορας | det | high | |
| 9 | πρώτους | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-----APM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|NumType=Ord|Number=Plur | 11 οἰκήτορας | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the first'. |
| 10 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | οἰκήτορας | οἰκήτωρ | NOUN | N-----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 λέγουσιν | obj | medium | Accusative subject of λέγουσιν; appositive to substantivized πρώτους. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
ἀποθανόντος Λέλεγος, ὃς ἐβασίλευεν ἐν τῇ νῦν Λακωνικῇ, τότε δὲ ἀπʼ ἐκείνου Λελεγίᾳ καλουμένῃ, Μύλης μὲν πρεσβύτερος ὢν τῶν παίδων ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχήν,
A genitive absolute (ἀποθανόντος Λέλεγος) sets the temporal background; ὃς refers to Λέλεγος. The participial phrase πρεσβύτερος ὢν τῶν παίδων is predicative with Μύλης, subject of ἔσχε. Λελεγίᾳ καλουμένῃ agrees with the understood χώρα/region after ἐν, with ἀπʼ ἐκείνου marking the eponymic change.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V--PAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 2 Λέλεγος | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | Λέλεγος | Λέλεγος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 Λέλεγος | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P--NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 5 ἐβασίλευεν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Λέλεγος. |
| 5 | ἐβασίλευεν | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 24 ἔσχε | acl:relcl | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Λακωνικῇ | case | high | |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-SDFS--- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Λακωνικῇ | det | high | |
| 8 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 Λακωνικῇ | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the regional adjective. |
| 9 | Λακωνικῇ | Λακωνικός | ADJ | A-SDFS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐβασίλευεν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἐν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐβασίλευεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 καλουμένῃ | advmod | medium | Temporal adverb for the implied naming state. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 καλουμένῃ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 ἐκείνου | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό. |
| 14 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-SGM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 καλουμένῃ | obl | high | Source/eponymous reference, ‘from him’. |
| 15 | Λελεγίᾳ | Λελεγία | PROPN | Ne-SdfS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 καλουμένῃ | obl | high | Dative name of the region, governed by καλουμένῃ. |
| 16 | καλουμένῃ | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-D--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 9 Λακωνικῇ | acl | medium | Agrees with an understood feminine regional noun; Λελεγίᾳ is its predicative name. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἔσχε | punct | high | |
| 18 | Μύλης | Μύλης | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔσχε. |
| 19 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 18 Μύλης | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 20 | πρεσβύτερος | πρέσβυς | ADJ | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ὢν | xcomp | high | Predicative comparative adjective with ὢν. |
| 21 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-N-S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 ἔσχε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with Μύλης as subject. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-PGPM--- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 παίδων | det | high | |
| 23 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-PGPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 πρεσβύτερος | obl | high | Genitive of comparison after πρεσβύτερος. |
| 24 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SFA--A- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἀρχήν | det | high | |
| 26 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-SFA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἔσχε | obj | high | Object of ἔσχε. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἔσχε | punct | high |
Πολυκάων δὲ νεώτερός τε ἦν ἡλικίᾳ καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ ἰδιώτης, ἐς ὃ Μεσσήνην τὴν Τριόπα τοῦ Φόρβαντος ἔλαβε γυναῖκα ἐξ Ἄργους.
The ἐς ὃ clause is a temporal subordinate clause meaning “until the point when”; Μεσσήνην is the object of ἔλαβε, with γυναῖκα as its appositional/predicative characterization and Τριόπα τοῦ Φόρβαντος identifying her lineage.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πολυκάων | Πολυκάων | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἔλαβε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | νεώτερός | νέος | ADJ | ADJ | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | xcomp | high | Comparative predicate adjective. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | PART | _ | 3 νεώτερός | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 19 ἔλαβε | advcl | high | Imperfect copular verb in subordinate temporal/causal frame. |
| 6 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-D-FS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 νεώτερός | obl | high | Dative of respect: younger in age. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἰδιώτης | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 8 | διʼ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 αὐτὸ | case | high | Elided preposition διά. |
| 9 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-APNS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 10 ἰδιώτης | obl | high | Accusative object of διά; phrase means because of this. |
| 10 | ἰδιώτης | ἰδιώτης | ADJ | A-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | xcomp | high | Second coordinated predicate adjective/noun. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 ὃ | case | high | Preposition governing relative pronoun. |
| 13 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 19 ἔλαβε | obl | medium | Relative temporal expression ἐς ὅ: until when. |
| 14 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἔλαβε | obj | high | Object of ἔλαβε. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Τριόπα | det | high | Article with Τριόπα. |
| 16 | Τριόπα | Τριόψ | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Μεσσήνην | appos | high | Patronymic/appositional identifier of Μεσσήνην. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Φόρβαντος | det | high | Article with Φόρβαντος. |
| 18 | Φόρβαντος | Φόρβας | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Τριόπα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the patronymic name. |
| 19 | ἔλαβε | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 20 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἔλαβε | obj | high | Predicative/object complement naming the woman taken as wife. |
| 21 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 Ἄργους | case | high | Preposition governing place-name. |
| 22 | Ἄργους | Ἄργος | PROPN | N-GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἔλαβε | obl | high | Genitive of origin with ἐξ. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἔλαβε | punct | high |