Grammar parses for passage 4.11.6
Open translation for this passage
καὶ δὴ καὶ τότε οἵ τε ἤδη τραύματα τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν εἰληφότες καὶ ὅσοι κειμένων τῶν παραστατῶν ἐγίνοντο πρὸς τὴν ἔφοδον τῶν ψιλῶν πρῶτοι προεξέθεόν τε, ὁπότε ἴδοιεν ἐπιφερομένους τοὺς ψιλούς, καὶ ὑπὸ θυμοῦ μακροτέρας τὰς διώξεις ἐποιοῦντο ἀποχωρούντων.
The syntax is a long periodic structure with a main verb plus coordinated clause, and several participial/relative subclauses including at least one genitive-absolute-like construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 προεξέθεόν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 4 τότε | advmod | medium | Discourse particle modifying τότε. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 τότε | cc | high | Coordinates with τότε as a correlative pair. |
| 4 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 24 προεξέθεόν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 5 | οἵ | ὁ | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 προεξέθεόν | nsubj | high | Article used substantivally with following participial modifier. |
| 6 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 5 οἵ | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective. |
| 7 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 11 εἰληφότες | advmod | high | Modifies εἰληφότες. |
| 8 | τραύματα | τραῦμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 εἰληφότες | obj | medium | Likely object of εἰληφότες: 'having received wounds'. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 Σπαρτιατῶν | det | high | Article. |
| 10 | Σπαρτιατῶν | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 τραύματα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of τραύματα. |
| 11 | εἰληφότες | λαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 οἵ | acl | high | Participial modifier of οἵ. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ὅσοι | cc | high | Connects two relative groups. |
| 13 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 17 ἐγίνοντο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun. |
| 14 | κειμένων | κεῖμαι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 17 ἐγίνοντο | advcl | medium | Genitive participle with genitive absolute-like structure. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 παραστατῶν | det | high | Article. |
| 16 | παραστατῶν | παραστάτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κειμένων | nsubj | medium | Subject of participle κειμένων. |
| 17 | ἐγίνοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 24 προεξέθεόν | advcl | high | Finite verb in a relative clause dependent on the main narrative verb. |
| 18 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 20 ἔφοδον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ἔφοδον | det | high | Article. |
| 20 | ἔφοδον | ἔφοδος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐγίνοντο | obl | high | Prepositional object of πρὸς. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 ψιλῶν | det | high | Article. |
| 22 | ψιλῶν | ψιλός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἔφοδον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἔφοδον. |
| 23 | πρῶτοι | πρῶτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 προεξέθεόν | advmod | medium | Predicative adverbial use: 'first'. |
| 24 | προεξέθεόν | προεκθέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 25 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 24 προεξέθεόν | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 προεξέθεόν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 27 | ὁπότε | ὁπότε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 28 ἴδοιεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 28 | ἴδοιεν | ὁράω | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 24 προεξέθεόν | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause. |
| 29 | ἐπιφερομένους | ἐπιφέρω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 28 ἴδοιεν | xcomp | high | Participial complement of ἴδοιεν. |
| 30 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 ψιλούς | det | high | Article. |
| 31 | ψιλούς | ψιλός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐπιφερομένους | obj | high | Object of participle ἐπιφερομένους. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἴδοιεν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 39 ἐποιοῦντο | cc | high | Coordinates a final main clause. |
| 34 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 35 θυμοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 35 | θυμοῦ | θυμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ἐποιοῦντο | obl | high | Adverbial prepositional phrase. |
| 36 | μακροτέρας | μακρός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 38 διώξεις | amod | high | Modifies διώξεις. |
| 37 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 38 διώξεις | det | high | Article. |
| 38 | διώξεις | δίωξις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 39 ἐποιοῦντο | obj | high | Object of ἐποιοῦντο. |
| 39 | ἐποιοῦντο | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 24 προεξέθεόν | conj | high | Coordinated main verb with προεξέθεόν. |
| 40 | ἀποχωρούντων | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 39 ἐποιοῦντο | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute / circumstantial participle. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 προεξέθεόν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οἱ δὲ ψιλοὶ τῶν Μεσσηνίων ὡς τὸ πρῶτον ἤρξαντο, κατὰ χώραν τε μένοντας ἔτυπτον καὶ ἐσηκόντιζον καὶ διωκόντων ἔφθανον ἀποφεύγοντες καὶ πειρωμένοις ἀναστρέφειν αὖθις ἐπῄεσαν.
The sentence has several coordinated imperfect verbs with participial adjuncts; the attachments of μένοντας, διωκόντων, and πειρωμένοις are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 ψιλοὶ | det | high | Article with ψιλοὶ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ψιλοὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ψιλοὶ | ψιλός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἤρξαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἤρξαντο. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίων. |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ψιλοὶ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ψιλοὶ. |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἤρξαντο | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πρῶτον | det | high | Article with πρῶτον. |
| 8 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἤρξαντο | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative 'for the first time'. |
| 9 | ἤρξαντο | ἄρχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἤρξαντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 15 ἔτυπτον | case | high | Preposition with χώραν. |
| 12 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἔτυπτον | obl | high | Adverbial phrase 'at close quarters'. |
| 13 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 15 ἔτυπτον | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 14 | μένοντας | μένω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἔτυπτον | advcl | medium | Likely participial adjunct; agreement/syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 15 | ἔτυπτον | τύπτω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 9 ἤρξαντο | conj | high | Coordinate verb. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ἐσηκόντιζον | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 17 | ἐσηκόντιζον | σηκοντίζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 15 ἔτυπτον | conj | high | Coordinate verb. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἔφθανον | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 19 | διωκόντων | διώκω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἔφθανον | advcl | medium | Genitive participle, probably circumstantial; attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 20 | ἔφθανον | φθάνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 15 ἔτυπτον | conj | high | Coordinate verb. |
| 21 | ἀποφεύγοντες | ἀποφεύγω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἔφθανον | advcl | high | Participial adjunct with subject implied from ἔφθανον. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 ἐπῄεσαν | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 23 | πειρωμένοις | πείρω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 26 ἐπῄεσαν | advcl | medium | Dative participle; exact construction uncertain. |
| 24 | ἀναστρέφειν | ἀναστρέφω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 23 πειρωμένοις | xcomp | high | Complement of πειρωμένοις. |
| 25 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | _ | _ | 26 ἐπῄεσαν | advmod | high | Adverb 'again'. |
| 26 | ἐπῄεσαν | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 15 ἔτυπτον | conj | high | Coordinate verb. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἤρξαντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |