Grammar parses for passage 4.12.8
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτʼ ἀκούσαντες γεγονέναι τε ἡγοῦντο ὑπὲρ αὑτῶν τὴν μαντείαν καὶ σφίσι διδόναι τὸ τοῦ πολέμου κράτος· οὐ γὰρ αὐτῶν γε ἐχόντων ἐντὸς τείχους τοῦ Ἰθωμάτα τὸ ἱερὸν Λακεδαιμονίους προτέρους ἀναθέντας φθήσεσθαι.
The opening has coordinated infinitival complements of ἡγοῦντο. The second clause contains a genitive absolute (αὐτῶν ... ἐχόντων) and a supplementary infinitive φθήσεσθαι; the exact scope of ἱερόν and the participial construction is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτʼ | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-pna | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 2 ἀκούσαντες | obj | high | Elided ταῦτα. |
| 2 | ἀκούσαντες | ἀκούω | VERB | VAAP-PNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἡγοῦντο | advcl | high | |
| 3 | γεγονέναι | γίγνομαι | VERB | VRAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 5 ἡγοῦντο | xcomp | medium | Infinitive in reported thought; perfect active form of γίγνομαι. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 3 γεγονέναι | cc | medium | Correlative/continuative τε linking infinitival complements. |
| 5 | ἡγοῦντο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-IIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R- | _ | 7 αὑτῶν | case | high | |
| 7 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | Px-pgm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 9 μαντείαν | nmod | high | |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---AFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μαντείαν | det | high | |
| 9 | μαντείαν | μαντεία | NOUN | Nb-fs-a | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 γεγονέναι | obj | high | Object of γεγονέναι: the oracle had come to be concerning them. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 12 διδόναι | cc | high | |
| 11 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp-p---d | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 12 διδόναι | iobj | high | |
| 12 | διδόναι | δίδωμι | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἡγοῦντο | xcomp | high | Second infinitival complement of ἡγοῦντο. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---NNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 κράτος | det | high | |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GNA- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 15 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | Nb-ms-g | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 κράτος | nmod | high | |
| 16 | κράτος | κράτος | NOUN | Nb-ns-n | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 διδόναι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of δίδοναι construed as granting the power of war to them. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἡγοῦντο | punct | high | |
| 18 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 32 φθήσεσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 19 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 32 φθήσεσθαι | cc | high | |
| 20 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-p---g | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 22 ἐχόντων | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 21 | γε | γε | PART | D-------- | _ | 20 αὐτῶν | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 22 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | VPAP-PGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 32 φθήσεσθαι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 23 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADP | R- | _ | 24 τείχους | case | high | Postposition governing genitive. |
| 24 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | Nb-ns-g | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐχόντων | obl | high | |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GNA- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 Ἰθωμάτα | det | high | |
| 26 | Ἰθωμάτα | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | Ne-fs-g | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 τείχους | nmod | medium | Place-name in the genitive, dependent on τείχους. |
| 27 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---NNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἱερὸν | det | high | |
| 28 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐχόντων | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, object of ἔχω: the sanctuary. |
| 29 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ἀναθέντας | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive φθήσεσθαι. |
| 30 | προτέρους | πρότερος | ADJ | A--APM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 Λακεδαιμονίους | amod | high | Predicative/object-oriented comparative adjective. |
| 31 | ἀναθέντας | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | VAAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 32 φθήσεσθαι | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίους. |
| 32 | φθήσεσθαι | φθάνω | VERB | V-FMI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 22 ἐχόντων | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on ἔχοντων in the explanatory clause; φθάνω with supplementary infinitive. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἡγοῦντο | punct | high |
καὶ οἱ μὲν ξυλίνους κατασκευάσεσθαι τρίποδας ἔμελλον, οὐ γάρ σφισι περιῆν χρήματα ὡς χαλκοῦς ποιήσασθαι·
Two coordinated clauses: οἱ μὲν introduces the first alternative/action, while οὐ γάρ explains the choice. The infinitives κατασκευάσεσθαι and ποιήσασθαι are complementary to ἔμελλον and περιῆν respectively; ὡς is comparative ('as if/as though'), with χαλκοῦς agreeing with τρίποδας understood.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 7 ἔμελλον | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-MPl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔμελλον | nsubj | high | Substantivized article, 'they'. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 7 ἔμελλον | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, with contrast supplied by the following clause. |
| 4 | ξυλίνους | ξύλινος | ADJ | A-Acc-MPl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 τρίποδας | amod | high | |
| 5 | κατασκευάσεσθαι | κατασκευάζω | VERB | V-FInf-Med | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 7 ἔμελλον | xcomp | high | Future middle infinitive, complementary to ἔμελλον. |
| 6 | τρίποδας | τρίπους | NOUN | N-Acc-MPl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 κατασκευάσεσθαι | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἔμελλον | μέλλω | VERB | V-Impf-Ind-Act-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 7 ἔμελλον | punct | high | |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Adv | Polarity=Neg | 12 περιῆν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | γάρ | γάρ | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 12 περιῆν | mark | high | Explanatory conjunction introducing the reason clause. |
| 11 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-Dat-3Pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 12 περιῆν | iobj | high | Dative of possession with περιῆν. |
| 12 | περιῆν | πάρειμι | VERB | V-Impf-Ind-Act-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 7 ἔμελλον | conj | high | Impersonal/existential 'was available'. |
| 13 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-Nom-NPl | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 περιῆν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 16 ποιήσασθαι | mark | medium | Comparative/complementizer introducing the intended standard or manner. |
| 15 | χαλκοῦς | χάλκεος | ADJ | A-Acc-MPl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 τρίποδας | conj | medium | Predicate/object adjective with τρίποδας understood; coordinated notionally with ξυλίνους. |
| 16 | ποιήσασθαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-AorInf-Med | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 12 περιῆν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after περιῆν; subject and object are understood from context. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 12 περιῆν | punct | high |
τῶν δέ τις Δελφῶν τὸν χρησμὸν ἐξήγγειλεν ἐς Σπάρτην.
The indefinite τις is the subject of ἐξήγγειλεν; τῶν Δελφῶν is a partitive/genitive group (‘one of the Delphians’), and ἐς Σπάρτην marks the destination.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Δελφῶν | det | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐξήγγειλεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τις | τις | PRON | PX--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐξήγγειλεν | nsubj | high | Indefinite pronoun; masculine singular here by agreement with the implied human referent. |
| 4 | Δελφῶν | Δελφός | PROPN | NP--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 τις | nmod | high | Partitive genitive dependent on τις. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 χρησμὸν | det | high | |
| 6 | χρησμὸν | χρησμός | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐξήγγειλεν | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἐξήγγειλεν | ἐξαγγέλλω | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Σπάρτην | case | high | Variant of εἰς. |
| 9 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | NP--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐξήγγειλεν | obl | high | Destination. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐξήγγειλεν | punct | high |
πυθομένοις δὲ ἐν κοινῷ μὲν οὐδέν σφισιν ἐξεγένετο ἀνευρεῖν σοφόν,
The construction means that, when they inquired, they found no opportunity collectively to discover a wise man/solution; the dative σφισιν is best read with the infinitive and the understood experiencer of the participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πυθομένοις | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V--AMP-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐξεγένετο | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, datival and circumstantial; subject is understood as σφισιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐξεγένετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 κοινῷ | case | high | Preposition governing κοινῷ. |
| 4 | κοινῷ | κοινός | ADJ | A--DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐξεγένετο | obl | high | Neuter substantivized adjective with ἐν, ‘in common/publicly’. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 οὐδέν | discourse | high | Correlative particle, pairing with an implied or following contrast. |
| 6 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 8 ἐξεγένετο | nsubj | high | Substantive neuter negative pronoun, subject of ἐξεγένετο. |
| 7 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P--DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 9 ἀνευρεῖν | iobj | medium | Third-person plural dative pronoun; experiencer/possessor with ἀνευρεῖν, syntactically associated with the infinitive. |
| 8 | ἐξεγένετο | ἐκγίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle indicative; idiom ἐξεγένετο ‘it became possible/occurred’. |
| 9 | ἀνευρεῖν | ἀνευρίσκω | VERB | V--AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἐξεγένετο | xcomp | high | Aorist active infinitive complement of ἐξεγένετο. |
| 10 | σοφόν | σοφός | ADJ | A--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνευρεῖν | obj | medium | Accusative masculine adjective used substantivally, object of ἀνευρεῖν; exact referent is context-dependent. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐξεγένετο | punct | high |
Οἴβαλος δὲ
Fragmentary coordination: Οἴβαλος is a nominative proper-name subject; δὲ is a postpositive connective particle, with the omitted predicate unrecoverable from this fragment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Οἴβαλος | Οἴβαλος | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | nsubj | high | Nominative proper name; predicate is omitted in the supplied fragment. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Df | _ | 1 Οἴβαλος | discourse | high | Postpositive coordinating/connective particle. |