Grammar parses for passage 4.17.3
Open translation for this passage
πρὶν δὲ ἢ παρανομῆσαι Λακεδαιμονίους ἐς τὸν Μεσσηνίων πόλεμον καὶ Ἀριστοκράτους τοῦ Ἀρκάδος τὴν προδοσίαν, ἀρετῇ τε οἱ μαχόμενοι καὶ τύχαις ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ διεκρίνοντο.
The opening πρὶν ἢ infinitive is a temporal subordinate clause with accusative subject Λακεδαιμονίους; the main clause contrasts the fighters’ distinction by virtue and divine fortune.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 4 παρανομῆσαι | mark | high | Temporal subordinator introducing the infinitival clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 διεκρίνοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 παρανομῆσαι | cc | medium | Correlative/alternative particle with πρίν, introducing the infinitive. |
| 4 | παρανομῆσαι | παρανομέω | VERB | V--ANA---- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 26 διεκρίνοντο | advcl | high | Aorist active infinitive in temporal construction. |
| 5 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-PA---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 παρανομῆσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 πόλεμον | case | high | Preposition governing τὸν πόλεμον. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πόλεμον | det | high | Article modifying πόλεμον. |
| 8 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-GP---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πόλεμον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πόλεμον. |
| 9 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παρανομῆσαι | obl | high | Accusative object/goal complement of παρανομῆσαι with εἰς. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 προδοσίαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second accusative object. |
| 11 | Ἀριστοκράτους | Ἀριστοκράτης | PROPN | N-GSM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 προδοσίαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on προδοσίαν. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀρκάδος | det | high | Article modifying Ἀρκάδος. |
| 13 | Ἀρκάδος | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-GSM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ἀριστοκράτους | appos | high | Appositional ethnonym specifying Aristocrates. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 προδοσίαν | det | high | Article modifying προδοσίαν. |
| 15 | προδοσίαν | προδοσία | NOUN | N-ASF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 παρανομῆσαι | obj | high | Second accusative object of παρανομῆσαι. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 διεκρίνοντο | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἀρετῇ | ἀρετή | NOUN | N-DSF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 μαχόμενοι | obl | high | Dative of means or respect with μαχόμενοι. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἀρετῇ | cc | medium | Postpositive connective, likely linking the paired datives. |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 μαχόμενοι | det | high | Substantivizing article with the participle. |
| 20 | μαχόμενοι | μάχομαι | VERB | V-PMPNPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Middle | 26 διεκρίνοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized nominative participle, subject of διεκρίνοντο. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 τύχαις | cc | high | Coordinates the second dative phrase. |
| 22 | τύχαις | τύχη | NOUN | N-DPF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 μαχόμενοι | conj | high | Second coordinated dative of means or circumstance. |
| 23 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 θεοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing θεοῦ. |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 θεοῦ | det | high | Article modifying θεοῦ. |
| 25 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GSM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 τύχαις | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ, dependent on τύχαις. |
| 26 | διεκρίνοντο | διακρίνω | VERB | V-PII-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 διεκρίνοντο | punct | high |
φαίνονται δὲ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ ὕστερον, ἡνίκα ἐπὶ Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς ταῖς Ἀθηναίων ναυσὶν ἀνθώρμουν, ἄλλους τε τῶν στρατηγούντων Ἀθηναίοις καὶ Ἀδείμαντον ἐξωνησάμενοι.
The finite verb ἀνθώρμουν is in the ἡνίκα temporal clause; φαίνονται takes the participial complement ἐξωνησάμενοι, whose coordinated objects are ἄλλους and Ἀδείμαντον. The phrase ἐπὶ Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς is locative with ἐπί; agreement is textually irregular/elliptical, so the local attachment is marked with some uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φαίνονται | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-3PPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main predicate; middle/deponent meaning 'appear'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 φαίνονται | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 φαίνονται | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ὕστερον | cc | medium | Coordinates ὕστερον with the preceding temporal adverbial sense. |
| 6 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | A-NSN | Degree=Pos | 1 φαίνονται | advmod | high | Adverbial neuter form, 'later'. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 φαίνονται | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 15 ἀνθώρμουν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator introducing the finite clause. |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ποταμοῖς | case | high | With dative, locative. |
| 10 | Αἰγὸς | Αἰγός | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ποταμοῖς | nmod | medium | Proper-name modifier within the place-name expression. |
| 11 | ποταμοῖς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀνθώρμουν | obl | medium | Locative dative governed by ἐπί; phrase likely refers to Aegospotami, with unusual/elliptical agreement in the transmitted wording. |
| 12 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ναυσὶν | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ναυσὶν | nmod | high | Possessive genitive, 'of the Athenians'. |
| 14 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἀνθώρμουν | obl | high | Dative object/means with ἀνθώρμουν, 'against the Athenian ships'. |
| 15 | ἀνθώρμουν | ἀνθοράω | VERB | V-3PIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 1 φαίνονται | advcl | high | Imperfect finite verb in the ἡνίκα clause; spelling reflects ἀνθορμέω/ἀνθοράω usage. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 15 ἀνθώρμουν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | PRON | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐξωνησάμενοι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐξωνησάμενοι. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἄλλους | cc | high | Correlative coordination with καί at token 22. |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 στρατηγούντων | det | high | |
| 20 | στρατηγούντων | στρατηγέω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἄλλους | nmod | high | Substantival/attributive participle: 'of those commanding'. |
| 21 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 στρατηγούντων | iobj | medium | Dative with στρατηγούντων, 'commanding for/on behalf of the Athenians'. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 Ἀδείμαντον | cc | high | Correlates with τε at token 18. |
| 23 | Ἀδείμαντον | Ἀδείμαντος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἐξωνησάμενοι | obj | high | Second accusative object of ἐξωνησάμενοι. |
| 24 | ἐξωνησάμενοι | ἐξωνέομαι | VERB | V-AOM-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 φαίνονται | xcomp | high | Aorist middle participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμόνιοι; complementary/resultative participle after φαίνονται. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 φαίνονται | punct | high |