Grammar parses for passage 4.18.1
Open translation for this passage
Μεσσήνιοι δὲ ὡς ἐς τὴν Εἶραν ἀνῳκίσθησαν, τῆς δὲ ἄλλης ἐξείργοντο πλὴν ὅσον σφίσιν οἱ Πύλιοι τὰ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ καὶ οἱ Μοθωναῖοι διέσωζον, ἢ ἐλῄστευον τήν τε Λακωνικὴν καὶ τὴν σφετέραν, πολεμίαν ἤδη καὶ ταύτην νομίζοντες·
Complex coordination: ἐξείργοντο governs τῆς ἄλλης, while πλὴν ὅσον introduces the exception; ἢ ἐλῄστευον coordinates an alternative finite predicate. The final participle νομίζοντες is causal/concomitant and takes πολεμίαν ... ταύτην as predicative object/complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N--PMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀνῳκίσθησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἀνῳκίσθησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 7 ἀνῳκίσθησαν | mark | medium | Temporal/completive ὡς. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Εἶραν | case | high | |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----AFS- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Εἶραν | det | high | |
| 6 | Εἶραν | Εἶρα | PROPN | N--AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνῳκίσθησαν | obl | high | |
| 7 | ἀνῳκίσθησαν | ἀνοικίζω | VERB | V3PAPI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνῳκίσθησαν | punct | high | |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S----FGS- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἄλλης | det | high | |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐξείργοντο | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἄλλης | ἄλλος | ADJ | A----FGS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐξείργοντο | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘the rest [of the land]’. |
| 12 | ἐξείργοντο | ἐξέργω | VERB | V3PIIM---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 7 ἀνῳκίσθησαν | conj | medium | Middle/passive form; coordinated background predicate. |
| 13 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 ὅσον | case | high | Exceptive preposition. |
| 14 | ὅσον | ὅσος | PRON | P----ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐξείργοντο | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter, ‘as much as’; governs the following material as exception. |
| 15 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3---DP- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 24 διέσωζον | iobj | medium | Reflexive/third-person plural dative. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---NPM- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Πύλιοι | det | high | |
| 17 | Πύλιοι | Πύλιος | PROPN | A--PNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 διέσωζον | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S----NPN- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 διέσωζον | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural. |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 20 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N--FDS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 τὰ | nmod | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 Μοθωναῖοι | cc | high | |
| 22 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---NPM- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 Μοθωναῖοι | det | high | |
| 23 | Μοθωναῖοι | Μοθωναῖος | PROPN | A--PNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 διέσωζον | conj | high | |
| 24 | διέσωζον | διασῴζω | VERB | V3PIIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 12 ἐξείργοντο | advcl | medium | Finite verb within the πλὴν ὅσον exception. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 διέσωζον | punct | high | |
| 26 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ἐλῄστευον | cc | high | Coordinates alternative finite predicate. |
| 27 | ἐλῄστευον | λῃστεύω | VERB | V3PIIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 12 ἐξείργοντο | conj | medium | Alternative coordinated predicate; subject is understood from context. |
| 28 | τήν | ὁ | DET | S----AFS- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 Λακωνικὴν | det | high | |
| 29 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 Λακωνικὴν | cc | high | |
| 30 | Λακωνικὴν | Λακωνικός | ADJ | A----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἐλῄστευον | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘Laconia’. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 33 σφετέραν | cc | high | |
| 32 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----AFS- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 σφετέραν | det | high | |
| 33 | σφετέραν | σφέτερος | ADJ | A--SAFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes | 30 Λακωνικὴν | conj | high | Substantivized possessive adjective, ‘their own [land]’. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 νομίζοντες | punct | high | |
| 35 | πολεμίαν | πολέμιος | ADJ | A----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 νομίζοντες | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative adjective with understood object, likely agreeing with τὴν σφετέραν. |
| 36 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 35 πολεμίαν | advmod | high | |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 38 ταύτην | cc | high | |
| 38 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | P----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 35 πολεμίαν | obj | medium | Accusative demonstrative, likely coordinated with the preceding accusative object. |
| 39 | νομίζοντες | νομίζω | VERB | V--PAPNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 ἐλῄστευον | advcl | medium | Causal/concomitant participle; understood subject follows the coordinated finite clause. |
| 40 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνῳκίσθησαν | punct | high |
ἄλλοι τε δὴ συνίσταντο ἐς τὰς καταδρομάς, ὡς ἕκαστοι τύχοιεν, καὶ Ἀριστομένης δὲ τοὺς περὶ αὑτὸν λογάδας ἐς τριακοσίων ἀριθμὸν προήγαγεν.
Two coordinated clauses: συνίσταντο governs ἐς τὰς καταδρομάς; ὡς ἕκαστοι τύχοιεν is a modal/temporal subordinate clause. In the second clause, τοὺς περὶ αὑτὸν λογάδας is the object of προήγαγεν, with ἐς τριακοσίων ἀριθμόν expressing the approximate number.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 συνίσταντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 συνίσταντο | cc | high | Correlative/coordinating particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Particle | _ | 4 συνίσταντο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | συνίσταντο | συνίστημι | VERB | V-IPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated clause predicate. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 7 καταδρομάς | case | high | |
| 6 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Art-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 καταδρομάς | det | high | |
| 7 | καταδρομάς | καταδρομή | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 συνίσταντο | obl | high | Destination/purpose-like complement of συνίσταντο. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 συνίσταντο | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 11 τύχοιεν | mark | high | Introduces modal/temporal subordinate clause. |
| 10 | ἕκαστοι | ἕκαστος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 τύχοιεν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | τύχοιεν | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-2AAO-3P | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 συνίσταντο | advcl | medium | Optative in subordinate clause; exact force depends on context. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 τύχοιεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 23 προήγαγεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second main clause. |
| 14 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 προήγαγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 23 προήγαγεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 λογάδας | det | high | |
| 17 | περὶ | περί | ADP | Prep | _ | 18 αὑτὸν | case | high | |
| 18 | αὑτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-3ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 19 λογάδας | nmod | high | Object of περί; reflexive reference to Aristomenes. |
| 19 | λογάδας | λογάς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 προήγαγεν | obj | high | |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 22 ἀριθμὸν | case | high | |
| 21 | τριακοσίων | τριακόσιοι | NUM | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 22 ἀριθμὸν | nummod | high | Genitive within the numerical expression. |
| 22 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 προήγαγεν | obl | high | Accusative of measure/extent with ἐς. |
| 23 | προήγαγεν | προάγω | VERB | V-IAA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 συνίσταντο | conj | high | Second coordinated main predicate. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 συνίσταντο | punct | high |