Grammar parses for passage 4.18.3
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου σιτοδεία ἐγένετο ἐν Σπάρτῃ καὶ ὁμοῦ τῇ σιτοδείᾳ στάσις·
The coordinated nominal predicates σιτοδεία and στάσις depend on the impersonal eventive ἐγένετο; ὁμοῦ with dative τῇ σιτοδείᾳ means ‘along with the famine’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 3 τούτου | case | high | |
| 3 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Genitive of source/cause. |
| 4 | σιτοδεία | σιτοδεία | NOUN | N-nsf | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | First coordinated nominative event noun. |
| 5 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3admi | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 7 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | |
| 7 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | Ne-dsf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Locative use of dative with ἐν. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 12 στάσις | cc | high | Coordinates στάσις with σιτοδεία. |
| 9 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | Adv | _ | 12 στάσις | advmod | high | ‘Together/along with’; scope over the second nominal predicate. |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Dd-sf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 σιτοδείᾳ | det | high | |
| 11 | σιτοδείᾳ | σιτοδεία | NOUN | N-dsf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὁμοῦ | obl | medium | Dative complement of ὁμοῦ. |
| 12 | στάσις | στάσις | NOUN | N-nsf | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐγένετο | conj | high | Second coordinated nominative event noun. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
οὐ γὰρ ἠνείχοντο οἱ ταύτῃ τὰ κτήματα ἔχοντες τὰ σφέτερα ἀργὰ εἶναι.
οἱ ταύτῃ τὰ κτήματα ἔχοντες is the substantivized participial subject of ἠνείχοντο; τὰ σφέτερα is the accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι, with ἀργά as its predicate adjective. ταύτῃ is an adverb meaning ‘in this way/here’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Adverbial particle | Polarity=Neg | 3 ἠνείχοντο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 3 ἠνείχοντο | discourse | high | Functions as a postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 3 | ἠνείχοντο | ἀνέχομαι | VERB | V- Impf M/P Ind 3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-M Pl | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔχοντες | det | high | Article substantivizes the participial phrase. |
| 5 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | ADV | Adv | _ | 8 ἔχοντες | advmod | high | Dative form used adverbially. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-N Pl | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 κτήματα | det | high | |
| 7 | κτήματα | κτῆμα | NOUN | N- Acc N Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔχοντες | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | Pres Act Ptcp Nom M Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἠνείχοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized present participle. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-N Pl | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 σφέτερα | det | high | |
| 10 | σφέτερα | σφέτερος | ADJ | Adj-Acc-N Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes | 12 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Possessive adjective substantivized with its article. |
| 11 | ἀργὰ | ἀργός | ADJ | Adj-Acc-N Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective of the infinitive's accusative subject. |
| 12 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | Pres Act Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 ἠνείχοντο | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἠνείχοντο. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἠνείχοντο | punct | high |
καὶ τούτοις μὲν τὰ διάφορα διέλυε Τυρταῖος·
Τυρταῖος is the postposed subject; τούτοις is a dative of reference/recipient, and τὰ διάφορα is the neuter plural object of διέλυε. μὲν is correlative/contrastive, with the counterpart supplied by context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 διέλυε | cc | high | |
| 2 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | PD-Dat.pl.m | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 διέλυε | iobj | high | Dative plural demonstrative; construed as recipient or reference. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 διέλυε | advmod | high | Correlative/contrastive particle; counterpart is contextual. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-Art-Acc.pl.n | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 διάφορα | det | high | |
| 5 | διάφορα | διάφορος | ADJ | A-Acc.pl.n | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 διέλυε | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural adjective. |
| 6 | διέλυε | διαλύω | VERB | V- Impf Act Ind 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | Τυρταῖος | Τυρταῖος | PROPN | N-Nom.sg.m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 διέλυε | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject, postposed after the verb. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 διέλυε | punct | high |
Ἀριστομένης δὲ ἔχων τοὺς λογάδας τὴν μὲν ἔξοδον περὶ βαθεῖαν ἐποιήσατο ἑσπέραν, ἔφθη δὲ ὑπὸ τάχους τὴν ἐς Ἀμύκλας ἀνύσας πρὸ ἀνίσχοντος ἡλίου, καὶ Ἀμύκλας τὸ πόλισμα εἷλέ τε καὶ διήρπασε καὶ τὴν ἀποχώρησιν ἐποιήσατο πρὶν ἢ τοὺς ἐκ τῆς Σπάρτης προσβοηθῆσαι.
The main predicate is ἔφθη, with coordinated actions ἐποιήσατο, εἷλε, διήρπασε, and ἐποιήσατο; πρὶν ἢ introduces an accusative-and-infinitive temporal clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔφθη | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἔφθη | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἔφθη | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 λογάδας | det | high | |
| 5 | λογάδας | λογάς | NOUN | N----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἔχων | obj | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔξοδον | det | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 8 ἔξοδον | discourse | high | Correlative μέν. |
| 8 | ἔξοδον | ἔξοδος | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποιήσατο | obj | high | |
| 9 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 βαθεῖαν | case | high | Here governing an accusative temporal expression. |
| 10 | βαθεῖαν | βαθύς | ADJ | A----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἑσπέραν | amod | medium | With ἑσπέραν; περὶ βαθεῖαν ἑσπέραν means late in the evening. |
| 11 | ἐποιήσατο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AIM-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 14 ἔφθη | conj | high | |
| 12 | ἑσπέραν | ἑσπέρα | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποιήσατο | obl | high | Temporal accusative. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐποιήσατο | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἔφθη | φθάνω | VERB | V-AIP-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἔφθη | cc | high | |
| 16 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 τάχους | case | high | With genitive, expressing cause. |
| 17 | τάχους | τάχος | NOUN | N----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἔφθη | obl | high | Causal genitive with ὑπό. |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἀνύσας | det | high | |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Ἀμύκλας | case | high | |
| 20 | Ἀμύκλας | Ἀμύκλαι | PROPN | N----APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἀνύσας | obl | high | Destination. |
| 21 | ἀνύσας | ἀνύω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 ἔφθη | advcl | high | Participial phrase: having completed the journey to Amyclae. |
| 22 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 ἡλίου | case | high | With genitive, before. |
| 23 | ἀνίσχοντος | ἀνέχω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 ἡλίου | amod | medium | Genitive participle agreeing with ἡλίου. |
| 24 | ἡλίου | ἥλιος | NOUN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀνύσας | obl | high | Genitive absolute-like temporal phrase governed by πρό. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀνύσας | punct | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 εἷλέ | cc | high | |
| 27 | Ἀμύκλας | Ἀμύκλαι | PROPN | N----APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 εἷλέ | obj | high | Object of εἷλε; place name used metonymically for the settlement. |
| 28 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 πόλισμα | det | high | |
| 29 | πόλισμα | πόλισμα | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 εἷλέ | nsubj | medium | Appositional subject with εἷλε; the settlement of Amyclae. |
| 30 | εἷλέ | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AIM-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 14 ἔφθη | conj | high | |
| 31 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 εἷλέ | cc | high | |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 33 διήρπασε | cc | high | |
| 33 | διήρπασε | διαρπάζω | VERB | V-AIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 30 εἷλέ | conj | high | |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 37 ἐποιήσατο | cc | high | |
| 35 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἀποχώρησιν | det | high | |
| 36 | ἀποχώρησιν | ἀποχώρησις | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 ἐποιήσατο | obj | high | |
| 37 | ἐποιήσατο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AIM-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 14 ἔφθη | conj | high | |
| 38 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 44 προσβοηθῆσαι | mark | high | Temporal conjunction with infinitive. |
| 39 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 38 πρὶν | fixed | high | Part of πρὶν ἢ construction. |
| 40 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 44 προσβοηθῆσαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 41 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 43 Σπάρτης | case | high | |
| 42 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 43 Σπάρτης | det | high | |
| 43 | Σπάρτης | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 40 τοὺς | nmod | high | |
| 44 | προσβοηθῆσαι | προσβοηθέω | VERB | V-ANP---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 37 ἐποιήσατο | advcl | high | Infinitival temporal clause; τοὺς is its accusative subject. |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔφθη | punct | high |