Grammar parses for passage 4.27.9
Open translation for this passage
κατῆλθον δὲ ἐς Πελοπόννησον οἱ Μεσσήνιοι καὶ ἀνεσώσαντο τὴν αὑτῶν ἑπτὰ καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ διακοσίοις ἔτεσιν ὕστερον μετὰ Εἴρας ἅλωσιν, Δυσκινήτου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, τρίτῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς δευτέρας καὶ ἑκατοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν Δάμων Θούριος τὸ δεύτερον ἐνίκα.
Main coordination: κατῆλθον and ἀνεσώσαντο share subject οἱ Μεσσήνιοι; temporal/chronological adjuncts follow. ἑπτὰ καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ διακοσίοις ἔτεσιν is an instrumental/dative measure phrase modifying ὕστερον. The participial phrase Δυσκινήτου ... ἄρχοντος gives a genitive absolute; ἣν is the object of ἐνίκα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατῆλθον | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κατῆλθον | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κατῆλθον | obl | high | |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 6 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 6 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 1 κατῆλθον | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἀνεσώσαντο | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἀνεσώσαντο | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 1 κατῆλθον | conj | high | Middle voice has subject-oriented sense, ‘recovered/restored for themselves’. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 αὑτῶν | det | high | |
| 10 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-3GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 8 ἀνεσώσαντο | nmod:poss | high | Reflexive possessive pronoun; form is a contracted/orthographic variant. |
| 11 | ἑπτὰ | ἑπτά | NUM | M---PNA | NumType=Card | 16 ἔτεσιν | nummod | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ὀγδοήκοντα | cc | high | |
| 13 | ὀγδοήκοντα | ὀγδοήκοντα | NUM | M---PNA | NumType=Card | 16 ἔτεσιν | nummod | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 διακοσίοις | cc | high | |
| 15 | διακοσίοις | διακόσιοι | NUM | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plural | 16 ἔτεσιν | nummod | high | |
| 16 | ἔτεσιν | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 17 ὕστερον | obl | high | Dative of measure/extent with ὕστερον. |
| 17 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | A-NSN | Degree=Pos | 8 ἀνεσώσαντο | advmod | high | Adverbial temporal comparator. |
| 18 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 ἅλωσιν | case | high | With accusative: after. |
| 19 | Εἴρας | Εἴρα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἅλωσιν | nmod | medium | Genitive likely governed by an elided/implicit relation or textual construction; μετὰ normally takes accusative for ‘after’. |
| 20 | ἅλωσιν | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνεσώσαντο | obl | high | Object of μετὰ: ‘after the capture of Eira’. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἄρχοντος | punct | high | |
| 22 | Δυσκινήτου | Δυσκίνητος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 23 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 25 ἄρχοντος | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; corresponding δέ is token 28. |
| 24 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 25 ἄρχοντος | obl | high | Locative dative, ‘at Athens’. |
| 25 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 8 ἀνεσώσαντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 τρίτῳ | punct | high | |
| 27 | τρίτῳ | τρίτος | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|NumType=Ord|Number=Sing | 29 ἔτει | amod | high | |
| 28 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 ἔτει | cc | high | Correlative to μέν at token 23. |
| 29 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνεσώσαντο | obl | high | Dative temporal expression: ‘in the third year’. |
| 30 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 δευτέρας | det | high | |
| 31 | δευτέρας | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NumType=Ord|Number=Sing | 34 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 33 ἑκατοστῆς | cc | high | |
| 33 | ἑκατοστῆς | ἑκατοστός | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NumType=Ord|Number=Sing | 34 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | Coordinates with δευτέρας; together ‘one hundred and second’. |
| 34 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἔτει | nmod | high | |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 41 ἐνίκα | punct | high | |
| 36 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Relative pronoun, referring to Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 37 | Δάμων | Δάμων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | |
| 38 | Θούριος | Θούριος | PROPN | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 Δάμων | appos | high | Ethnic/geographical apposition to Δάμων. |
| 39 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 40 δεύτερον | det | high | |
| 40 | δεύτερον | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NumType=Ord|Number=Sing | 41 ἐνίκα | advmod | high | Substantivized ordinal adverbial accusative, ‘for the second time’. |
| 41 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 8 ἀνεσώσαντο | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κατῆλθον | punct | high |
οὐκ ὀλίγος μὲν οὖν ὁ χρόνος καὶ Πλαταιεῦσιν ἐγένετο, ἐφʼ ὅσον καὶ ἐκεῖνοι τὴν αὑτῶν ἔφευγον, καὶ Δηλίοις, ἡνίκα ᾤκησαν Ἀδραμύττιον ἐκβληθέντες ἐκ τῆς σφετέρας ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων καὶ Ὀρχομενίων ·
Main predicate ἐγένετο has coordinated dative subjects Πλαταιεῦσιν and Δηλίοις; ὅσον introduces a temporal extent clause, while ἡνίκα introduces the Delian temporal clause. The antecedent of τὴν αὑτῶν is contextually understood (likely πατρίδα/πόλιν); ἐκβληθέντες is a circumstantial participle modifying ἐκεῖνοι, with Ἀθηναίων and Ὀρχομενίων coordinated agents.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D可 | Polarity=Neg | 2 ὀλίγος | advmod | high | |
| 2 | ὀλίγος | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 χρόνος | amod | high | Predicative adjective with χρόνος. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 9 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G- | _ | 9 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 χρόνος | det | high | |
| 6 | χρόνος | χρόνος | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Πλαταιεῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 8 | Πλαταιεῦσιν | Πλαταιεύς | PROPN | NeD-P--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐγένετο | iobj | high | Dative of the persons for whom time elapsed. |
| 9 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ὅσον | case | high | With accusative ὅσον, expressing duration/extent. |
| 12 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἔφευγον | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter accusative, introducing temporal extent; equivalent to ἐφʼ ὅσον χρόνον. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἐκεῖνοι | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἐκεῖνοι | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | RD-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἔφευγον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔφευγον. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 αὑτῶν | det | high | |
| 16 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | PF3GP--- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 17 ἔφευγον | obj | medium | Possessive genitive with an omitted feminine noun; τὴν αὑτῶν is substantivized. |
| 17 | ἔφευγον | φεύγω | VERB | V3PIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 12 ὅσον | acl:relcl | medium | Finite clause under temporal ὅσον; agreement is plural with ἐκεῖνοι. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔφευγον | punct | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 ᾤκησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the Delian constituent with the Platæan one. |
| 20 | Δηλίοις | Δήλιος | PROPN | A----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐγένετο | iobj | high | Second dative of the persons for whom time elapsed. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 Δηλίοις | punct | high | |
| 22 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 ᾤκησαν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 23 | ᾤκησαν | οἰκέω | VERB | V3PAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Temporal clause coordinated in interpretation with the preceding temporal clause. |
| 24 | Ἀδραμύττιον | Ἀδραμύττιον | PROPN | Ne-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ᾤκησαν | obj | high | Place inhabited. |
| 25 | ἐκβληθέντες | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | V-NPAPPNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 23 ᾤκησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist passive participle, subject understood as Δηλίοις/ἐκεῖνοι. |
| 26 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 σφετέρας | case | high | |
| 27 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 σφετέρας | det | high | |
| 28 | σφετέρας | σφέτερος | ADJ | A-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Poss=Yes | 25 ἐκβληθέντες | obl | high | Possessive adjective substantivized with τῆς; source place/territory. |
| 29 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 30 Ἀθηναίων | case | high | Agent marker with passive participle. |
| 30 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐκβληθέντες | obl:agent | high | |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 Ὀρχομενίων | cc | high | |
| 32 | Ὀρχομενίων | Ὀρχομένιος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 Ἀθηναίων | conj | high | Coordinated agent with Ἀθηναίων. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐγένετο | punct | high |