Grammar parses for passage 4.29.3
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ ἡμέρα τε ἐπέσχε καὶ ἤδη τοῖς ἔνδον αἴσθησις ἐγεγόνει τοῦ κατειληφότος κινδύνου, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον αὐτοὺς ἐσῆλθεν ὑπόνοια ὡς οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι σὺν ὅπλοις παρέλθοιεν αὐτῶν ἐς τὴν πόλιν, ὥστε καὶ ὥρμησαν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἀφειδέστερον διὰ τὸ μῖσος τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς.
The sentence has several coordinated/embedded clauses: a temporal clause, an indirect discourse clause after ὑπόνοια, and a result clause introduced by ὥστε; the syntax of ἐσῆλθεν is somewhat idiomatic and arguably impersonal.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐπέσχε | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing temporal clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐπέσχε | advmod | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡμέρα | ἡμέρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπέσχε | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἐπέσχε. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἡμέρα | cc | medium | Enclitic connective, paired with καί. |
| 5 | ἐπέσχε | ἐπέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of first temporal clause. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἐγεγόνει | cc | high | Connects coordinated clause/member. |
| 7 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 11 ἐγεγόνει | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐγεγόνει. |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 αἴσθησις | det | high | Article with ἔνδον substantivized phrase. |
| 9 | ἔνδον | ἔνδον | ADV | _ | _ | 10 αἴσθησις | amod | low | Likely adverb used substantivally/attributively with τοῖς; relation uncertain. |
| 10 | αἴσθησις | αἴσθησις | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐγεγόνει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγεγόνει. |
| 11 | ἐγεγόνει | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐπέσχε | conj | high | Coordinated with preceding main clause. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 κινδύνου | det | high | Article with participle phrase. |
| 13 | κατειληφότος | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 κινδύνου | amod | high | Genitive participle modifying κινδύνου. |
| 14 | κινδύνου | κίνδυνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐγεγόνει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of αἴσθησις/the sensed danger. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐγεγόνει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 πρῶτον | det | high | Article with πρῶτον. |
| 17 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 20 ἐσῆλθεν | discourse | high | Discourse particle in μέν...δέ construction. |
| 18 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐσῆλθεν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative 'at first'. |
| 19 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 ἐσῆλθεν | obj | high | Object of ἐσῆλθεν. |
| 20 | ἐσῆλθεν | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second main verb; coordination with preceding context. Likely impersonal/elliptic sense 'there came upon them'. |
| 21 | ὑπόνοια | ὑπόνοια | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐσῆλθεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐσῆλθεν. |
| 22 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 27 παρέλθοιεν | mark | high | Introduces indirect discourse/complement clause. |
| 23 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | Article with proper noun-like ethnonym. |
| 24 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 παρέλθοιεν | nsubj | high | Subject of παρέλθοιεν. |
| 25 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | _ | _ | 26 ὅπλοις | case | high | Preposition. |
| 26 | ὅπλοις | ὅπλον | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 παρέλθοιεν | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 27 | παρέλθοιεν | παρέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 21 ὑπόνοια | ccomp | high | Optative in indirect discourse after ὡς. |
| 28 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 31 πόλιν | nmod | high | Possessive genitive with πόλιν. |
| 29 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 31 πόλιν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 30 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 πόλιν | det | high | Article with πόλιν. |
| 31 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 παρέλθοιεν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐσῆλθεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 33 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 35 ὥρμησαν | mark | high | Result clause marker. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 35 ὥρμησαν | cc | high | Connective/adjoining particle. |
| 35 | ὥρμησαν | ὁρμάω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 ἐσῆλθεν | advcl | high | Result clause dependent on ἐσῆλθεν/whole preceding context. |
| 36 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 37 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 37 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 35 ὥρμησαν | obl | high | Object of preposition. |
| 38 | ἀφειδέστερον | ἀφειδῶς | ADV | _ | _ | 35 ὥρμησαν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb modifying ὥρμησαν. |
| 39 | διὰ | διά | ADP | _ | _ | 41 μῖσος | case | high | Preposition. |
| 40 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 41 μῖσος | det | high | Article with μῖσος. |
| 41 | μῖσος | μῖσος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 ὥρμησαν | obl | high | Causal prepositional phrase. |
| 42 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 41 μῖσος | det | high | Article with ἐξ ἀρχῆς phrase substantivized/appositive to μῖσος. |
| 43 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 44 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 44 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 μῖσος | nmod | high | Genitive within attributive phrase 'from the beginning'. |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐσῆλθεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐκ τε τῶν ὅπλων καὶ τῆς φωνῆς Μακεδόνας καὶ Δημήτριον τὸν Φιλίππου γνωρίζουσιν ὄντας, δεῖμα ἰσχυρὸν παρέστη σφίσι λογιζομένοις τήν τε ἐς τὰ πολεμικὰ τῶν Μακεδόνων μελέτην καὶ τύχην ᾗ πρὸς ἅπαντα ἑώρων χρωμένους αὐτούς.
The clause after τύχην is syntactically difficult; ᾗ likely refers back to τύχην and governs the participial phrase with χρωμένους, while ἑώρων is attached as the finite verb of the relative clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | _ | _ | 20 παρέστη | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing the causal clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 παρέστη | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 6 ὅπλων | case | high | Governed by ὅπλων. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐκ | advmod | low | Enclitic connective; relation is approximate. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ὅπλων | det | high | Article modifying ὅπλων. |
| 6 | ὅπλων | ὅπλον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 παρέστη | obl | high | Part of the ἐκ phrase dependent on παρέστη. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 φωνῆς | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive phrases. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 φωνῆς | det | high | Article modifying φωνῆς. |
| 9 | φωνῆς | φωνή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὅπλων | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive phrase with ὅπλων. |
| 10 | Μακεδόνας | Μακεδών | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 γνωρίζουσιν | obj | high | Accusative complement of γνωρίζουσιν. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 Δημήτριον | cc | high | Coordinates the two accusative objects. |
| 12 | Δημήτριον | Δημήτριος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Μακεδόνας | conj | high | Coordinated with Μακεδόνας. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Φιλίππου | det | high | Article modifying Φιλίππου. |
| 14 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Δημήτριον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Δημήτριον, indicating patronymic/relationship. |
| 15 | γνωρίζουσιν | γνωρίζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 παρέστη | advcl | high | Finite verb of the causal participial-content clause. |
| 16 | ὄντας | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 γνωρίζουσιν | xcomp | high | Supplementary participle with γνωρίζουσιν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 παρέστη | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 18 | δεῖμα | δεῖμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 παρέστη | nsubj | high | Subject of παρέστη. |
| 19 | ἰσχυρὸν | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 δεῖμα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of δεῖμα. |
| 20 | παρέστη | παρίστημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 21 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 παρέστη | iobj | high | Dative of experiencer/recipient. |
| 22 | λογιζομένοις | λογίζομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 21 σφίσι | advcl | medium | Dative participle agreeing with σφίσι; function somewhat loose, likely attendant circumstance. |
| 23 | τήν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 μελέτην | det | high | Article modifying μελέτην. |
| 24 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 23 τήν | advmod | low | Correlative particle with καὶ τύχην. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 30 μελέτην | case | high | Preposition governing τὰ πολεμικά. |
| 26 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 πολεμικὰ | det | high | Article modifying πολεμικά. |
| 27 | πολεμικὰ | πολεμικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 μελέτην | obl | high | Object of ἐς, substantivized by article. |
| 28 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 29 Μακεδόνων | det | high | Article modifying Μακεδόνων. |
| 29 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 μελέτην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μελέτην. |
| 30 | μελέτην | μελέτη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 λογιζομένοις | obj | high | Object of the participle λογιζομένοις. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 32 τύχην | cc | high | Coordinates μελέτην and τύχην. |
| 32 | τύχην | τύχη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 μελέτην | conj | high | Coordinated with μελέτην. |
| 33 | ᾗ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 37 χρωμένους | obl | medium | Relative pronoun referring to τύχην; syntax uncertain but dative fits with χρωμένους. |
| 34 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 35 ἅπαντα | case | high | Preposition governing ἅπαντα. |
| 35 | ἅπαντα | ἅπας | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 ἑώρων | obl | medium | Likely adverbial/prepositional object of ἑώρων in fixed phrase πρὸς ἅπαντα. |
| 36 | ἑώρων | ὁράω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 37 χρωμένους | advcl | medium | Finite verb within relative clause; attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 37 | χρωμένους | χράομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 36 ἑώρων | xcomp | high | Participle complement of ἑώρων, agreeing with αὐτούς. |
| 38 | αὐτούς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 37 χρωμένους | obj | high | Object/patient of χρωμένους. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 παρέστη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |