Grammar parses for passage 4.36.6
Open translation for this passage
ἐοίκασι δὲ αἱ ἀνθρώπειαι τύχαι καὶ χωρία τέως ἄγνωστα ἐς δόξαν προῆχθαι.
Main predicate ἐοίκασι governs an infinitival complement; coordination and case on χωρία/ἄγνωστα are somewhat uncertain in this transmitted text.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐοίκασι | ἔοικα | VERB | V-3P-RAI-? | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect with present meaning, used as main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 1 ἐοίκασι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 τύχαι | det | high | Article modifying τύχαι. |
| 4 | ἀνθρώπειαι | ἀνθρώπειος | ADJ | a-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 τύχαι | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying τύχαι. |
| 5 | τύχαι | τύχη | NOUN | n-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ἐοίκασι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐοίκασι. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c | _ | 7 χωρία | cc | high | Coordinates the two subjects. |
| 7 | χωρία | χωρίον | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἐοίκασι | nsubj | medium | Likely coordinated with τύχαι as second subject-like member; case is accusative form but construction suggests coordination with infinitival clause. |
| 8 | τέως | τέως | ADV | d | _ | 9 ἄγνωστα | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἄγνωστα. |
| 9 | ἄγνωστα | ἄγνωστος | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 προῆχθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with infinitive; could be object-like complement within infinitival clause. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r | _ | 11 δόξαν | case | high | Preposition governing δόξαν. |
| 11 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 προῆχθαι | obl | high | Prepositional complement of προῆχθαι. |
| 12 | προῆχθαι | προάγω | VERB | v---rpn--- | Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 1 ἐοίκασι | xcomp | high | Perfect passive infinitive dependent on ἐοίκασι. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐοίκασι | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
Καφηρέως τε γάρ ἐστιν ὄνομα τοῦ ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ τοῖς σὺν Ἀγαμέμνονι Ἕλλησιν ἐπιγενομένου χειμῶνος ἐνταῦθα, ὡς ἐκομίζοντο ἐξ Ἰλίου·
The clause begins with a copular predication whose subject is ὄνομα; the genitive participial phrase τοῦ ... χειμῶνος functions as an attributive modifier of ὄνομα, and the ὡς-clause is an adverbial temporal/comparative subordinate clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Καφηρέως | Καφηρεύς | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ὄνομα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὄνομα. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 Καφηρέως | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective. |
| 3 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3spia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ὄνομα | cop | high | Copula with ὄνομα as predicate head. |
| 5 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predication noun. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 χειμῶνος | det | high | Article introducing participial phrase. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Εὐβοίᾳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 8 | Εὐβοίᾳ | Εὔβοια | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπιγενομένου | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐν. |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | Article with participial substantive. |
| 10 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Ἀγαμέμνονι | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 11 | Ἀγαμέμνονι | Ἀγαμέμνων | PROPN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἕλλησιν | obl | high | Object of σὺν. |
| 12 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπιγενομένου | obl | medium | Dative phrase with σὺν Ἀγαμέμνονι; syntactic attachment somewhat loose. |
| 13 | ἐπιγενομένου | ἐπιγίγνομαι | VERB | V-SPM-PMG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 χειμῶνος | amod | high | Genitive participle modifying χειμῶνος. |
| 14 | χειμῶνος | χειμών | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τοῦ | nmod | high | Head of genitive participial phrase. |
| 15 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ὄνομα | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the copular clause. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὄνομα | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐκομίζοντο | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction. |
| 18 | ἐκομίζοντο | κομίζω | VERB | V-3piim-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 5 ὄνομα | advcl | high | Adverbial subordinate clause. |
| 19 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Ἰλίου | case | high | Preposition before genitive. |
| 20 | Ἰλίου | Ἴλιον | PROPN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐκομίζοντο | obl | high | Source phrase with ἐξ. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὄνομα | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ψυττάλειάν τε τὴν ἐπὶ Σαλαμῖνι ἴσμεν ἀπολομένων ἐν αὐτῇ τῶν Μήδων.
The difficult point is the final genitive participial phrase, best read as a genitive absolute modifying the main clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ψυττάλειάν | Ψυττάλεια | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἴσμεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἴσμεν. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 1 Ψυττάλειάν | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 1 Ψυττάλειάν | det | high | Article modifying Ψυττάλειάν. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | Case=Dat | 5 Σαλαμῖνι | case | high | Preposition governing Σαλαμῖνι. |
| 5 | Σαλαμῖνι | Σαλαμίς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 Ψυττάλειάν | nmod | high | Prepositional modifier of Ψυττάλειάν. |
| 6 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 7 | ἀπολομένων | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | V-Ptcp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 Μήδων | amod | medium | Genitive plural participle; syntactically part of the genitive absolute with αὐτῇ / τῶν Μήδων, though exact attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 9 αὐτῇ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῇ. |
| 9 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπολομένων | obl | medium | Likely locative complement within the participial phrase. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Μήδων | det | high | Article modifying Μήδων. |
| 11 | Μήδων | Μῆδος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀπολομένων | nsubj | low | Genitive subject of the participle in a genitive absolute; analysis is somewhat uncertain because the phrase is elliptical. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἴσμεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τὴν Σφακτηρίαν τὸ ἀτύχημα τὸ Λακεδαιμονίων γνώριμον τοῖς πᾶσιν ἐποίησεν·
The clause is somewhat elliptical: γνώριμον functions predicatively with ἀτύχημα, and the double article/genitive phrase τὸ Λακεδαιμονίων is attached as a modifier of ἀτύχημα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡσαύτως | ὡσαύτως | ADV | D------- | _ | 13 ἐποίησεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 ἐποίησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Σφακτηρίαν | cc | medium | Likely links τὴν Σφακτηρίαν to the previous coordination with ὡσαύτως; coordination scope is a little uncertain. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Σφακτηρίαν | det | high | Article modifying Σφακτηρίαν. |
| 5 | Σφακτηρίαν | Σφακτηρία | PROPN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποίησεν. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἀτύχημα | det | high | Article modifying ἀτύχημα. |
| 7 | ἀτύχημα | ἀτύχημα | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Predicative/object-like noun with γνώριμον; function somewhat elliptical. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---gn- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | Article modifying Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-p---gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἀτύχημα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἀτύχημα. |
| 10 | γνώριμον | γνώριμος | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐποίησεν | xcomp | medium | Probably predicative complement with object ἀτύχημα, though exact syntax is somewhat elliptical. |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---md- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 πᾶσιν | det | high | Article modifying πᾶσιν. |
| 12 | πᾶσιν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | Dative of reference/affected group. |
| 13 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-3saia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb and sentence root. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ καὶ Νίκης ἀνέθηκαν ἄγαλμα ἐν ἀκροπόλει χαλκοῦν ἐς μνήμην τῶν ἐν τῇ Σφακτηρίᾳ.
The phrase ἐς μνήμην τῶν ἐν τῇ Σφακτηρίᾳ is syntactically compressed; I treat τῶν ἐν τῇ Σφακτηρίᾳ as a genitive dependent phrase modifying μνήμην.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Npmp-n--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀνέθηκαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀνέθηκαν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ἀνέθηκαν | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Νίκης | cc | medium | Coordinates with preceding genitive name or noun phrase. |
| 4 | Νίκης | Νίκη | PROPN | Npfs-g--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄγαλμα; coordinated with Ἀθηναῖοι? likely an attribute? Parsed as genitive modifier of the statue/noun phrase. |
| 5 | ἀνέθηκαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V3paia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνέθηκαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνέθηκαν. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 ἀκροπόλει | case | high | Preposition governing ἀκροπόλει. |
| 8 | ἀκροπόλει | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνέθηκαν | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐν. |
| 9 | χαλκοῦν | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγαλμα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier agreeing with ἄγαλμα. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 μνήμην | case | high | Preposition governing μνήμην. |
| 11 | μνήμην | μνήμη | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνέθηκαν | obl | high | Purpose/result phrase with ἐς. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Any|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 Σφακτηρίᾳ | det | high | Article in genitive relative phrase. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Σφακτηρίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing Σφακτηρίᾳ. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Σφακτηρίᾳ | det | high | Article with Σφακτηρίᾳ. |
| 15 | Σφακτηρίᾳ | Σφακτηρία | PROPN | Npfs-d--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 τῶν | nmod | medium | Likely ellipted noun phrase governed by τῶν; interpreted as substantivized place-name in a genitive dependent phrase. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀνέθηκαν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |