Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.5.3

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Passage 4.5.3

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

73Greek tokens

1,854input tokens

5,538output tokens

Sentence 1

4.5.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 42
Input: 976
Output: 3,097
Total: 4,073

Λακεδαιμονίους δὲ οὐ διὰ ταῦτα πολεμῆσαί φασιν, ὑπὸ πλεονεξίας δὲ τῇ σφετέρᾳ τε ἐπιβουλεῦσαι καὶ ἄλλα ἐργάσασθαι, προφέροντες μέν σφισι τὰ Ἀρκάδων, προφέροντες δὲ καὶ τὰ Ἀργείων, ὡς οὔποτε ἐσχήκασι κόρον ἀποτεμνόμενοι τῆς χώρας αἰεί τι ἑκατέρων·

The sentence reports that the Lacedaemonians allegedly fought not for the stated reasons but from greed, with coordinated infinitives governed by φασιν; the participles προφέροντες and ἀποτεμνόμενοι supply circumstantial explanations. The final ὡς-clause is construed as an asserted explanation/content clause, with κόρον as the object of ἐσχήκασι and τι ἑκατέρων partitive.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Λακεδαιμονίους	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-ASM-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 πολεμῆσαί	csubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive πολεμῆσαι.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 φασιν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D---------	_	6 πολεμῆσαί	advmod	high	Negates the infinitive.
4	διὰ	διά	ADP	R---------	_	5 ταῦτα	case	high	Preposition governing ταῦτα.
5	ταῦτα	οὗτος	PRON	PD-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 πολεμῆσαί	obl	high	Object of διά in an adverbial phrase.
6	πολεμῆσαί	πολεμέω	VERB	V--ANA---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	7 φασιν	ccomp	high	First infinitive governed by φασιν.
7	φασιν	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Matrix reporting verb.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 φασιν	punct	high
9	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R---------	_	10 πλεονεξίας	case	high	Preposition governing πλεονεξίας.
10	πλεονεξίας	πλεονεξία	NOUN	N-GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 ἐπιβουλεῦσαι	obl	high	Causal genitive complement of ὑπό.
11	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	15 ἐπιβουλεῦσαι	cc	high	Coordinates the alternative infinitival assertion.
12	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 σφετέρᾳ	det	high	Article with σφετέρᾳ.
13	σφετέρᾳ	σφέτερος	ADJ	A-DSF---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Poss=Yes	15 ἐπιβουλεῦσαι	obl	medium	Possessive adjective substantivally/elliptically referring to their side or interests.
14	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	15 ἐπιβουλεῦσαι	cc	high	Coordinates ἐπιβουλεῦσαι and ἐργάσασθαι.
15	ἐπιβουλεῦσαι	ἐπιβουλεύω	VERB	V--ANA---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	7 φασιν	ccomp	high	Second infinitive governed by φασιν; coordinated with ἐργάσασθαι.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	18 ἐργάσασθαι	cc	high	Coordinates the infinitives.
17	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-APN---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	18 ἐργάσασθαι	obj	high	Substantive neuter object, other things.
18	ἐργάσασθαι	ἐργάζομαι	VERB	V--MN---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	15 ἐπιβουλεῦσαι	conj	high	Infinitive coordinated with ἐπιβουλεῦσαι.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἐπιβουλεῦσαι	punct	high
20	προφέροντες	προφέρω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	15 ἐπιβουλεῦσαι	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle with implicit subject, coordinated with the following participial phrase.
21	μέν	μέν	PART	G---------	_	20 προφέροντες	advmod	high	Correlative particle paired with δέ at token 27.
22	σφισι	σφεῖς	PRON	P-3PD---	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	20 προφέροντες	iobj	high	Dative recipient/beneficiary of προφέροντες.
23	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	24 Ἀρκάδων	det	high	Article substantivizing the implied neuter object.
24	Ἀρκάδων	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	N-GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 προφέροντες	obj	medium	Genitive of origin/association with τὰ, likely Arcadian claims or matters.
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 προφέροντες	punct	high
26	προφέροντες	προφέρω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	20 προφέροντες	conj	high	Second coordinated circumstantial participle.
27	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	26 προφέροντες	cc	high	Second member of μέν...δέ.
28	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	30 Ἀργείων	cc	high	Additive conjunction.
29	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	30 Ἀργείων	det	high	Article substantivizing the implied neuter object.
30	Ἀργείων	Ἀργεῖος	PROPN	A-GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 προφέροντες	obj	medium	Genitive of origin/association with τὰ, likely Argive claims or matters.
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	26 προφέροντες	punct	high
32	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C--------	_	34 ἐσχήκασι	mark	medium	Introduces an explanatory/content clause; exact attachment is syntactically debatable.
33	οὔποτε	οὔποτε	ADV	D---------	_	34 ἐσχήκασι	advmod	high	Temporal negative adverb.
34	ἐσχήκασι	ἔχω	VERB	V-RAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	26 προφέροντες	advcl	medium	Finite clause explaining the motive or claim of the preceding participles.
35	κόρον	κόρος	NOUN	N-ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 ἐσχήκασι	obj	high	Object of ἐσχήκασι, have had enough/satiety.
36	ἀποτεμνόμενοι	ἀποτέμνω	VERB	V-PMP-NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	34 ἐσχήκασι	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle, with κόρον understood from taking portions of land.
37	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 χώρας	det	high	Article with χώρας.
38	χώρας	χώρα	NOUN	N-GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	36 ἀποτεμνόμενοι	obl	high	Genitive of the thing partitioned/taken from.
39	αἰεί	ἀεί	ADV	D---------	_	36 ἀποτεμνόμενοι	advmod	high	Modifies the participle.
40	τι	τις	PRON	PX-NSN---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	36 ἀποτεμνόμενοι	obj	medium	Indefinite neuter; likely object of ἀποτεμνόμενοι, though case form is potentially textually or syntactically difficult.
41	ἑκατέρων	ἑκάτερος	PRON	A-GPM---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	40 τι	nmod	medium	Partitive genitive, each of the two peoples; agreement and attachment are somewhat uncertain.
42	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	7 φασιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.5.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 31
Input: 878
Output: 2,441
Total: 3,319

Κροίσῳ τε αὐτοῖς δῶρα ἀποστείλαντι γενέσθαι φίλους βαρβάρῳ πρώτους, ἀφʼ οὗ γε τούς τε ἄλλους τοὺς ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ κατεδουλώσατο Ἕλληνας καὶ ὅσοι Δωριεῖς ἐν τῇ Καρικῇ κατοικοῦσιν ἠπείρῳ.

The sentence is an accusative-and-infinitive construction: Κροίσῳ ... ἀποστείλαντι is the dative participant with γενέσθαι, φίλους ... πρώτους is the predicate accusative, and ἀφʼ οὗ introduces the subsequent temporal clause. The relative ὅσοι ... κατοικοῦσιν is coordinated with τοὺς ... Ἕλληνας as the object of κατεδουλώσατο; ἠπείρῳ is a locative apposition to τῇ Καρικῇ.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Κροίσῳ	Κροῖσος	PROPN	N--DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 γενέσθαι	iobj	high
2	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	1 Κροίσῳ	cc	medium	Postpositive conjunction; scope is somewhat broad.
3	αὐτοῖς	αὐτός	PRON	P--DDPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	5 ἀποστείλαντι	iobj	high	Dative recipient with ἀποστείλαντι.
4	δῶρα	δῶρον	NOUN	N--NPN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 ἀποστείλαντι	obj	medium	Neuter plural form is nominative/accusative; accusative object of the participle is syntactically intended.
5	ἀποστείλαντι	ἀποστέλλω	VERB	V--SAPMS-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	6 γενέσθαι	advcl	high	Dative aorist participle agreeing with Κροίσῳ.
6	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V--AMN-	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Infinitival predicate in the larger accusative-and-infinitive construction.
7	φίλους	φίλος	ADJ	A--APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 γενέσθαι	xcomp	high	Predicate accusative with γενέσθαι.
8	βαρβάρῳ	βάρβαρος	ADJ	A--DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 φίλους	nmod	medium	Substantivized adjective, ‘the barbarian’, dependent on φίλους.
9	πρώτους	πρῶτος	ADJ	A--APM-	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 φίλους	amod	high	Predicative/attributive modifier of φίλους.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 γενέσθαι	punct	high
11	ἀφʼ	ἀπό	ADP	R--------	_	21 κατεδουλώσατο	case	high	Apocopated form before relative pronoun.
12	οὗ	ὅς	PRON	P---GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	21 κατεδουλώσατο	obl	high	Genitive relative pronoun governed by ἀπό.
13	γε	γε	PART	X--------	_	12 οὗ	advmod	high
14	τούς	ὁ	DET	L--APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	16 ἄλλους	det	high
15	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	14 τούς	cc	high	Correlates with the second τε at token 23? Here it links the coordinated object phrase.
16	ἄλλους	ἄλλος	ADJ	A---APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 κατεδουλώσατο	obj	high	First part of the coordinated object phrase.
17	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	L--APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	18 ἐν	det	high
18	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	20 Ἀσίᾳ	case	high
19	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L--DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	20 Ἀσίᾳ	det	high
20	Ἀσίᾳ	Ἀσία	PROPN	N--DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἄλλους	nmod	high	Object-level locative phrase modifying τοὺς ... Ἕλληνας.
21	κατεδουλώσατο	καταδουλόω	VERB	V--AMI3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	medium	Finite verb of the ἀφʼ οὗ clause; attachment to the preceding infinitive is structurally possible, but the relative clause supplies the main finite predicate here.
22	Ἕλληνας	Ἕλλην	NOUN	N--APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 ἄλλους	appos	high	Appositional substantive specifying τοὺς ... ἄλλους.
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	21 κατεδουλώσατο	cc	high
24	ὅσοι	ὅσος	PRON	P---NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	29 κατοικοῦσιν	nsubj	high	Free relative subject of κατοικοῦσιν, coordinated semantically with the preceding object group.
25	Δωριεῖς	Δωριεύς	PROPN	N--NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 ὅσοι	appos	high	Apposition to ὅσοι.
26	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	28 Καρικῇ	case	high
27	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L--DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	28 Καρικῇ	det	high
28	Καρικῇ	Καρία	PROPN	N--DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 κατοικοῦσιν	obl	high	Locative complement of κατοικοῦσιν.
29	κατοικοῦσιν	κατοικέω	VERB	V-PAI3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	21 κατεδουλώσατο	acl:relcl	high	Relative-clause predicate.
30	ἠπείρῳ	ἤπειρος	NOUN	N--DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 Καρικῇ	appos	medium	Apposition to Καρικῇ, specifying the mainland; exact attachment is somewhat uncertain.
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	21 κατεδουλώσατο	punct	high

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