Grammar parses for passage 5.1.2
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ Ἀρκάδες διατελοῦσιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐς τόδε τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἔχοντες.
διατελοῦσιν ἔχοντες means 'they continue to have/maintain'; τὴν ἑαυτῶν is an accusative object phrase with an elided feminine noun, while the temporal phrases modify the participial construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Ἀρκάδες | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 διατελοῦσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Noun-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 διατελοῦσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | διατελοῦσιν | διατελέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb with supplementary participle. |
| 5 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 6 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 6 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἔχοντες | obl | high | Temporal source phrase. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 9 τόδε | cc | high | Coordinates the two temporal spans. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 9 τόδε | case | high | |
| 9 | τόδε | ὅδε | PRON | D-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἔχοντες | obl | high | Temporal endpoint, literally 'to this point'. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἑαυτῶν | det | high | |
| 11 | ἑαυτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-G3PF | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 12 ἔχοντες | obj | medium | Possessive genitive modifying an understood feminine noun; article and participle reflect the omitted object. |
| 12 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 διατελοῦσιν | xcomp | high | Supplementary participle dependent on διατελοῦσιν. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 διατελοῦσιν | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ ἐπηλύδων ἐστὶν ἀνθρώπων.
The copular predicate is ἐστὶν; τὰ λοιπὰ is its neuter plural subject. The genitives ἐπηλύδων ἀνθρώπων are difficult and may represent a compressed nominal/genitival characterization.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----NPA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 λοιπὰ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 λοιπὰ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | λοιπὰ | λοιπός | ADJ | A----NPA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter plural adjective. |
| 4 | ἐπηλύδων | ἐπήλυς | ADJ | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀνθρώπων | amod | medium | Form is genitive plural; substantival/attributive interpretation is uncertain in this compressed phrase. |
| 5 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστὶν | obl | medium | Genitive complement with the predicate; exact relation between ἐπηλύδων and ἀνθρώπων is syntactically compressed. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
Κορίνθιοι μὲν γὰρ οἱ νῦν νεώτατοι Πελοποννησίων εἰσί, καί σφισιν, ἀφʼ οὗ τὴν γῆν παρὰ βασιλέως ἔχουσιν, εἴκοσιν ἔτη καὶ διακόσια τριῶν δέοντα ἦν ἐς ἐμέ·
The sentence has an elliptical μέν/δέ-style construction: Κορίνθιοι ... εἰσί is followed by a dative possessive/experiencer phrase σφισιν and an elapsed-time clause, with ἦν agreeing elliptically with χρόνος or χρόνοι; ἐς ἐμέ marks the endpoint. The exact attachment of καί and the numeral phrase is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κορίνθιοι | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | N--P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 εἰσί | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 1 Κορίνθιοι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | G----- | _ | 8 εἰσί | mark | medium | Explanatory particle; attachment can also be analyzed at clause level. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 νεώτατοι | det | high | |
| 5 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D--------- | _ | 6 νεώτατοι | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying νεώτατοι. |
| 6 | νεώτατοι | νέος | ADJ | A-NPM-SMS | Case=Nom|Degree=Superl|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Κορίνθιοι | appos | high | Substantivized superlative. |
| 7 | Πελοποννησίων | Πελοποννήσιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 νεώτατοι | obl | medium | Partitive genitive with the superlative. |
| 8 | εἰσί | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 8 εἰσί | punct | high | |
| 10 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ἦν | cc | medium | Coordinates the following temporal assertion with the preceding clause. |
| 11 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DP3- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 27 ἦν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possession. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 11 σφισιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἀφʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 οὗ | case | high | Elided before οὗ. |
| 14 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἔχουσιν | obl | medium | Relative temporal expression, ‘from when’; antecedent is implicit. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 γῆν | det | high | |
| 16 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἔχουσιν | obj | high | |
| 17 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 βασιλέως | case | high | With genitive, source/origin. |
| 18 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 γῆν | obl | high | |
| 19 | ἔχουσιν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 οὗ | acl:relcl | medium | Relative-clause predicate; subject is implicit Κορίνθιοι. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 27 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 21 | εἴκοσιν | εἴκοσι | NUM | M-------- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur | 22 ἔτη | nummod | high | |
| 22 | ἔτη | ἔτος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 ἦν | obl | high | Accusative of duration. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 διακόσια | cc | high | |
| 24 | διακόσια | διακόσιοι | NUM | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 22 ἔτη | conj | high | Coordinates with εἴκοσιν; understood ἔτη. |
| 25 | τριῶν | τρεῖς | NUM | M-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 26 δέοντα | nummod | high | |
| 26 | δέοντα | δέω | VERB | V-PPA-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 διακόσια | acl | medium | Partitive/exceptional phrase ‘lacking three’; syntactically elliptical. |
| 27 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 εἰσί | conj | medium | Elliptical temporal predicate; singular agreement likely reflects an omitted χρόνος or χρόνοι understood collectively. |
| 28 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 ἐμέ | case | high | |
| 29 | ἐμέ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1AS--- | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 27 ἦν | obl | high | Endpoint phrase, ‘up to me’. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 8 εἰσί | punct | high |
Δρύοπες δὲ καὶ Δωριεῖς, οἱ μὲν ἐκ Παρνασσοῦ, Δωριεῖς δὲ ἐκ τῆς Οἴτης ἐς Πελοπόννησόν εἰσιν ἀφιγμένοι.
The sentence has a coordinated nominal subject: Δρύοπες ... καὶ Δωριεῖς, with οἱ μὲν ... Δωριεῖς δὲ ... forming a μέν/δέ contrast. εἰσιν ἀφιγμένοι is a periphrastic perfect, with ἀφιγμένοι as the participial predicate and εἰσιν as auxiliary; the first ethnic group is elliptically understood with the shared predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δρύοπες | Δρύοψ | PROPN | N-----NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Δωριεῖς | conj | high | First coordinated ethnic name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Δωριεῖς | cc | high | Connective particle coordinating the two ethnic groups. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Δωριεῖς | cc | high | Coordinates Δρύοπες and Δωριεῖς. |
| 4 | Δωριεῖς | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-----NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Second coordinated ethnic subject and syntactic anchor for the shared predicate. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Δωριεῖς | punct | high | |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P-----NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 μὲν | det | high | Article substantivizing the first μέν phrase; refers to Δρύοπες. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 1 Δρύοπες | advmod | high | Marks the first member of the μέν/δέ contrast. |
| 8 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Παρνασσοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing Παρνασσοῦ. |
| 9 | Παρνασσοῦ | Παρνασσός | PROPN | N-----SG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Δρύοπες | obl | high | Source/place complement for the first group. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 Δωριεῖς | punct | high | |
| 11 | Δωριεῖς | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-----NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Resumptive/repeated second ethnic subject in the δέ phrase. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 Δωριεῖς | cc | high | Marks the second member of the μέν/δέ contrast. |
| 13 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Οἴτης | case | high | Preposition governing Οἴτης. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-----SF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Οἴτης | det | high | Article modifying Οἴτης. |
| 15 | Οἴτης | Οἴτη | PROPN | N-----SG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Δωριεῖς | obl | high | Source/place complement for the second group. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Πελοπόννησόν | case | high | Preposition governing Πελοπόννησόν. |
| 17 | Πελοπόννησόν | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-----SA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀφιγμένοι | obl | high | Goal/destination of arrival. |
| 18 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 ἀφιγμένοι | aux | high | Auxiliary in the periphrastic perfect εἰσιν ἀφιγμένοι. |
| 19 | ἀφιγμένοι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-RMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle participle functioning as the main predicate with εἰσιν. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀφιγμένοι | punct | high |