Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.12.7

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Passage 5.12.7

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2sentences parsed

60Greek tokens

1,722input tokens

4,302output tokens

Sentence 2

5.12.7 sentence 2

Tokens: 20
Input: 746
Output: 1,438
Total: 2,184

ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ καὶ τῇ μεγίστῃ τῶν ἐν Βιθυνίᾳ πόλεων μετεβλήθη τὸ ὄνομα, Ἀστακῷ τὰ πρὸ τούτου καλουμένῃ·

The sentence states that the name of the greatest city in Bithynia was changed from Astacus; Ἀστακῷ is a dative of comparison/reference with καλουμένῃ, while τὰ πρὸ τούτου is an adverbial temporal phrase meaning 'before this'.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	PREP	Case=Gen	2 τούτου	case	high
2	τούτου	οὗτος	PRON	PDGSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 μετεβλήθη	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἀπό.
3	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 μετεβλήθη	cc	high
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 μετεβλήθη	advmod	high	Connective/additive καί.
5	τῇ	ὁ	DET	TDSFD	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 μεγίστῃ	det	high
6	μεγίστῃ	μέγας	ADJ	A-SDF-S	Case=Dat\|Degree=Superl\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 πόλεων	amod	high	Superlative adjective agreeing with πόλεων in the dative phrase.
7	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPF-P	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	10 πόλεων	det	high
8	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	Case=Dat	9 Βιθυνίᾳ	case	high
9	Βιθυνίᾳ	Βιθυνία	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 πόλεων	nmod	high	Name of the region.
10	πόλεων	πόλις	NOUN	N-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	6 μεγίστῃ	nmod	high	Genitive partitive/specifying phrase with μεγίστῃ.
11	μετεβλήθη	μεταβάλλω	VERB	V-API-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high
12	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 ὄνομα	det	high
13	ὄνομα	ὄνομα	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 μετεβλήθη	obj	high	Accusative object of μετεβλήθη.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 μετεβλήθη	punct	high
15	Ἀστακῷ	Ἀστακός	PROPN	N-DS M	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 καλουμένῃ	obl	medium	Dative reference/comparison: 'called Astacus'; exact syntactic relation is somewhat elliptical.
16	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	19 καλουμένῃ	advmod	medium	Substantivized neuter plural, 'the things/name formerly...'; exact attachment is elliptical.
17	πρὸ	πρό	ADP	PREP	Case=Gen	18 τούτου	case	high
18	τούτου	οὗτος	PRON	PDGSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 τὰ	obl	high	Genitive complement of πρό.
19	καλουμένῃ	καλέω	VERB	V-PPM/D-SF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	11 μετεβλήθη	advcl	medium	Dative feminine participle, agreeing elliptically with the city/name; construed with Ἀστακῷ.
20	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	11 μετεβλήθη	punct	high

Sentence 4

5.12.7 sentence 4

Tokens: 40
Input: 976
Output: 2,864
Total: 3,840

τὸ δὲ ἤλεκτρον τοῦτο οὗ τῷ Αὐγούστῳ πεποίηνται τὴν εἰκόνα, ὅσον μὲν αὐτόματον ἐν τοῦ Ἠριδανοῦ ταῖς ψάμμοις εὑρίσκεται, σπανίζεται τὰ μάλιστα καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ τίμιον πολλῶν ἐστιν ἕνεκα· τὸ δὲ ἄλλο ἤλεκτρον ἀναμεμιγμένος ἐστὶν ἀργύρῳ χρυσός.

Relative οὗ is genitive of material/association with εἰκόνα; πεποίηνται is a third-person plural perfect middle/passive form with an impersonal or plural-subject reading, while the final clause has a predicate-noun construction: χρυσός ἐστὶν ἀναμεμιγμένος ἀργύρῳ. The antecedent and exact voice interpretation of πεποίηνται are somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----NSA-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	3 ἤλεκτρον	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 ἤλεκτρον	cc	high
3	ἤλεκτρον	ἤλεκτρον	NOUN	N----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	22 σπανίζεται	nsubj	high
4	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	P----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	3 ἤλεκτρον	appos	high
5	οὗ	ὅς	PRON	P----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 εἰκόνα	nmod	medium	Genitive relative pronoun, probably dependent on εἰκόνα as material/association.
6	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T----DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 Αὐγούστῳ	det	high
7	Αὐγούστῳ	Αὔγουστος	PROPN	N----DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 πεποίηνται	iobj	high
8	πεποίηνται	ποιέω	VERB	V-RM-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Mid	10 εἰκόνα	acl:relcl	low	Form is perfect middle/passive 3pl; subject and exact construction are uncertain.
9	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T----ASA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 εἰκόνα	det	high
10	εἰκόνα	εἰκών	NOUN	N----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 εὑρίσκεται	obj	medium	Object of πεποίηνται; relative clause attachment is syntactically compressed.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 εὑρίσκεται	punct	high
12	ὅσον	ὅσος	PRON	P----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 αὐτόματον	advmod	medium	Extent/quantity accusative, introducing the μὲν constituent.
13	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	20 εὑρίσκεται	advmod	high
14	αὐτόματον	αὐτόματος	ADJ	A----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 εὑρίσκεται	xcomp	medium	Predicate adjective with εὑρίσκεται, agreeing with the understood subject ἤλεκτρον.
15	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	_	19 ψάμμοις	case	high
16	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 Ἠριδανοῦ	det	high
17	Ἠριδανοῦ	Ἠριδανός	PROPN	N----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ψάμμοις	nmod	high
18	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	T----DPF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	19 ψάμμοις	det	high
19	ψάμμοις	ψάμμος	NOUN	N----DPF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	20 εὑρίσκεται	obl	high
20	εὑρίσκεται	εὑρίσκω	VERB	V-PP-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	22 σπανίζεται	parataxis	high
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 εὑρίσκεται	punct	high
22	σπανίζεται	σπανίζω	VERB	V-PP-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high
23	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T----APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	24 μάλιστα	det	high
24	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D	_	22 σπανίζεται	advmod	high
25	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 τίμιον	cc	high
26	ἀνθρώπῳ	ἄνθρωπος	NOUN	N----DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 τίμιον	iobj	high
27	τίμιον	τίμιος	ADJ	A----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	29 ἐστιν	xcomp	medium	Predicate adjective with ἐστιν; understood subject is ἤλεκτρον.
28	πολλῶν	πολύς	ADJ	A----GPN-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	30 ἕνεκα	nmod	medium	Partitive/causal genitive with ἕνεκα.
29	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	22 σπανίζεται	conj	high
30	ἕνεκα	ἕνεκα	ADP	P	_	29 ἐστιν	obl	medium	Postposition governing πολλῶν.
31	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	22 σπανίζεται	punct	high
32	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	35 ἤλεκτρον	det	high
33	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	35 ἤλεκτρον	cc	high
34	ἄλλο	ἄλλος	ADJ	A----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	35 ἤλεκτρον	amod	high
35	ἤλεκτρον	ἤλεκτρον	NOUN	N----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	39 χρυσός	nsubj	high
36	ἀναμεμιγμένος	ἀναμείγνυμι	ADJ	A-RPNMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Pass	39 χρυσός	xcomp	low	Form is masculine singular, mismatching neuter ἤλεκτρον; likely textual or agreement difficulty.
37	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	39 χρυσός	cop	high
38	ἀργύρῳ	ἄργυρος	NOUN	N----DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	36 ἀναμεμιγμένος	obl	high	Dative of material/mixture with ἀναμεμιγμένος.
39	χρυσός	χρυσός	NOUN	N----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	root	low	Predicate noun; the sentence contains a punctuation-separated second clause, so a second root is unavoidable in a single-tree approximation.
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	39 χρυσός	punct	high

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