Grammar parses for passage 5.12.7
Open translation for this passage
ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ καὶ τῇ μεγίστῃ τῶν ἐν Βιθυνίᾳ πόλεων μετεβλήθη τὸ ὄνομα, Ἀστακῷ τὰ πρὸ τούτου καλουμένῃ·
The final dative participial phrase Ἀστακῷ ... καλουμένῃ is elliptical and likely appositional or predicative, referring to the city while naming its earlier designation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 2 τούτου | case | high | Preposition governing τούτου. |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD__ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 11 μετεβλήθη | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό; adverbial source/point of reference. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 μετεβλήθη | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 τῇ | cc | medium | Likely links the dative phrase with another coordinated modifier; syntax somewhat free. |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 πόλεων | det | high | Article modifying πόλεων phrase. |
| 6 | μεγίστῃ | μέγας | ADJ | A- | Case=Dat|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πόλεων | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying πόλεων. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 πόλεων | det | high | Article with the genitive modifier ἐν Βιθυνίᾳ. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 9 Βιθυνίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing Βιθυνίᾳ. |
| 9 | Βιθυνίᾳ | Βιθυνία | PROPN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πόλεων | nmod | high | Genitive phrase with ἐν as modifier of πόλεων. |
| 10 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 τῇ | nmod | high | Head of the locative genitive phrase dependent on τῇ. |
| 11 | μετεβλήθη | μεταβάλλω | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ὄνομα | det | high | Article with ὄνομα. |
| 13 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 μετεβλήθη | obj | high | Direct object of μετεβλήθη. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 μετεβλήθη | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 15 | Ἀστακῷ | Ἀστακός | PROPN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 μετεβλήθη | obl | medium | Dative of reference/location after the change of name; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 καλουμένῃ | det | high | Article with participle καλουμένῃ. |
| 17 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 18 τούτου | case | high | Preposition governing τούτου. |
| 18 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD__ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 19 καλουμένῃ | obl | high | Genitive complement of πρὸ. |
| 19 | καλουμένῃ | καλέω | VERB | V- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 Ἀστακῷ | acl | medium | Agreement with Ἀστακῷ likely; participial modifier of the proper noun. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 μετεβλήθη | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
τὸ δὲ ἤλεκτρον τοῦτο οὗ τῷ Αὐγούστῳ πεποίηνται τὴν εἰκόνα, ὅσον μὲν αὐτόματον ἐν τοῦ Ἠριδανοῦ ταῖς ψάμμοις εὑρίσκεται, σπανίζεται τὰ μάλιστα καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ τίμιον πολλῶν ἐστιν ἕνεκα· τὸ δὲ ἄλλο ἤλεκτρον ἀναμεμιγμένος ἐστὶν ἀργύρῳ χρυσός.
The syntax is somewhat irregular: the first clause has a relative construction around οὗ/πεποίηνται, and the final clause seems textually or morphologically problematic because ἀναμεμιγμένος is masculine singular while ἤλεκτρον is neuter.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἤλεκτρον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἤλεκτρον | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἤλεκτρον | ἤλεκτρον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 σπανίζεται | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of σπανίζεται in the first clause; also resumes in second clause. |
| 4 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἤλεκτρον | appos | medium | Deictic apposition to ἤλεκτρον. |
| 5 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 10 εἰκόνα | nmod | medium | Relative pronoun introducing clause; head understood as εἰκόνα or the whole clause. |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Αὐγούστῳ | det | high | |
| 7 | Αὐγούστῳ | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηνται | iobj | high | Dative of recipient/benefactive with perfect passive. |
| 8 | πεποίηνται | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 5 οὗ | acl:relcl | high | Perfect middle/passive form, likely from ποιέω. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 εἰκόνα | det | high | |
| 10 | εἰκόνα | εἰκών | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηνται | obj | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 σπανίζεται | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὅσον | ὅσος | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 αὐτόματον | obj | medium | Likely part of the idiom ὅσον μὲν ... ὅσον/ὅσον μὲν. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 12 ὅσον | discourse | high | |
| 14 | αὐτόματον | αὐτόματος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 εὑρίσκεται | obj | medium | Accusative neuter agreeing with implied ἤλεκτρον or adverbially used; syntax uncertain. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 20 εὑρίσκεται | case | high | |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 Ἠριδανοῦ | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἠριδανοῦ | Ἠριδανός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 εὑρίσκεται | obl | high | |
| 18 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ψάμμοις | det | high | |
| 19 | ψάμμοις | ψάμμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 εὑρίσκεται | obl | high | |
| 20 | εὑρίσκεται | εὑρίσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 22 σπανίζεται | advcl | high | Dependent clause modifying σπανίζεται. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 σπανίζεται | punct | high | |
| 22 | σπανίζεται | σπανίζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the first sentence segment. |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 μάλιστα | det | high | |
| 24 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 22 σπανίζεται | advmod | high | Degree modifier of σπανίζεται. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 σπανίζεται | cc | high | |
| 26 | ἀνθρώπῳ | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐστιν | iobj | medium | Dative of respect/beneficiary with ἐστιν. |
| 27 | τίμιον | τίμιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicative subject complement in neuter singular. |
| 28 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Genitive of value/cause with ἕνεκα; agreement uncertain. |
| 29 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 22 σπανίζεται | conj | high | Coordinated with σπανίζεται. |
| 30 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | _ | _ | 28 πολλῶν | case | high | Postposition governing the genitive. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 σπανίζεται | punct | high | |
| 32 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 ἤλεκτρον | det | high | |
| 33 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 35 ἤλεκτρον | discourse | high | |
| 34 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 ἤλεκτρον | amod | high | |
| 35 | ἤλεκτρον | ἤλεκτρον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 36 | ἀναμεμιγμένος | ἀναμίγνυμι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 39 χρυσός | advcl | low | Form is masculine singular and does not agree with neuter ἤλεκτρον; text may be corrupt or imply understood masculine subject. |
| 37 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 39 χρυσός | cop | high | |
| 38 | ἀργύρῳ | ἄργυρος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 χρυσός | obl | high | |
| 39 | χρυσός | χρυσός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Likely intended as predicate nominal in the final clause, though agreement with surrounding neuters is problematic. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 χρυσός | punct | high |