Grammar parses for passage 5.16.3
Open translation for this passage
θέουσι δὲ οὕτω· καθεῖταί σφισιν ἡ κόμη, χιτὼν ὀλίγον ὑπὲρ γόνατος καθήκει, τὸν ὦμον ἄχρι τοῦ στήθους φαίνουσι τὸν δεξιόν.
The sentence is a sequence of coordinated/paratactic descriptive clauses: θέουσι with καθεῖταί as a following descriptive clause, then καθήκει and φαίνουσι as further coordinated predicates.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θέουσι | θέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 1 θέουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D | _ | 1 θέουσι | advmod | high | Modifies the manner of the running. |
| 4 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 θέουσι | punct | high | Middle punctuation. |
| 5 | καθεῖταί | καθεῖμαι | VERB | V-PRI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 1 θέουσι | parataxis | medium | Likely a finite descriptive verb; form could reflect enclitic/orthographic contraction. |
| 6 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---D | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 καθεῖταί | iobj | high | Dative of reference/possession with καθεῖταί. |
| 7 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 κόμη | det | high | Article with κόμη. |
| 8 | κόμη | κόμη | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 καθεῖταί | nsubj | high | Subject of καθεῖταί. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 καθεῖταί | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | χιτὼν | χιτών | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 καθήκει | nsubj | high | Subject of καθήκει. |
| 11 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-S---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 καθήκει | advmod | medium | Accusative of extent/degree modifying the verbal idea. |
| 12 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R | _ | 13 γόνατος | case | high | Preposition governing γόνατος. |
| 13 | γόνατος | γόνυ | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 καθήκει | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 14 | καθήκει | καθήκω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main descriptive verb; sentence has paratactic structure. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 καθήκει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ὦμον | det | high | Article with ὦμον. |
| 17 | ὦμον | ὦμος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 φαίνουσι | obj | high | Object of φαίνουσι. |
| 18 | ἄχρι | ἄχρι | ADP | R | _ | 20 στήθους | case | high | Preposition with genitive complement. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 στήθους | det | high | Article with στήθους. |
| 20 | στήθους | στῆθος | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 φαίνουσι | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἄχρι. |
| 21 | φαίνουσι | φαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 καθήκει | conj | high | Coordinated descriptive verb with καθήκει. |
| 22 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 δεξιόν | det | high | Article with δεξιόν. |
| 23 | δεξιόν | δεξιός | ADJ | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὦμον | amod | high | Attributive modifier of ὦμον. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 καθήκει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀποδεδειγμένον μὲν δὴ ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνά ἐστι καὶ ταύταις τὸ Ὀλυμπικὸν στάδιον, ἀφαιροῦσι δὲ αὐταῖς ἐς τὸν δρόμον τοῦ σταδίου τὸ ἕκτον μάλιστα·
Two coordinated clauses with ellipsis and a difficult participial opening; ἀποδεδειγμένον is treated as an impersonal/periphrastic predicative participle with ἐστι, and the second clause is governed by ἀφαιροῦσι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποδεδειγμένον | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-PPP-NSN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 ἐστι | xcomp | medium | Likely predicative participle with ἐστι; neuter nominative singular. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-CLIT | _ | 1 ἀποδεδειγμένον | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-CLIT | _ | 1 ἀποδεδειγμένον | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 6 ἀγῶνά | case | high | Preposition. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | D-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἀγῶνά | det | high | Article. |
| 6 | ἀγῶνά | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποδεδειγμένον | obl | high | Object of ἐς, dependent on the participial clause. |
| 7 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite copula, root of first clause. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | COORD | _ | 14 ἀφαιροῦσι | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 9 | ταύταις | οὗτος | PRON | D-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 14 ἀφαιροῦσι | iobj | high | Dative recipient/affected party with ἀφαιροῦσι. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | D-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 στάδιον | det | high | Article. |
| 11 | Ὀλυμπικὸν | Ὀλυμπικός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 στάδιον | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 12 | στάδιον | στάδιον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ἀφαιροῦσι | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the second clause. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | X-CLIT | _ | 14 ἀφαιροῦσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 16 | αὐταῖς | αὐτός | PRON | A-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 ἀφαιροῦσι | iobj | high | Dative object/beneficiary of ἀφαιροῦσι. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 19 δρόμον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | D-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 δρόμον | det | high | Article. |
| 19 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφαιροῦσι | obl | high | Goal phrase with ἐς. |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | D-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 σταδίου | det | high | Article. |
| 21 | σταδίου | στάδιον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 δρόμον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of δρόμον. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | D-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ἕκτον | det | high | Article. |
| 23 | ἕκτον | ἕκτος | ADJ | O-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NumType=Ord|Number=Sing | 19 δρόμον | obj | medium | Likely adverbial/measure accusative 'a sixth part'; attached as object-like complement. |
| 24 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | _ | 23 ἕκτον | advmod | high | Modifies ἕκτον. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφαιροῦσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ δὴ ἀναθεῖναί σφισιν ἔστι γραψαμέναις εἰκόνας.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: ἔστι governs the infinitive ἀναθεῖναί, while γραψαμέναις εἰκόνας appears as a participial noun phrase with an apparent case mismatch.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἔστι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking to the infinitival clause. |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἔστι | advmod | high | Particle modifying the main existential verb. |
| 3 | ἀναθεῖναί | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ἔστι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ἔστι. |
| 4 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-D---DP- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 ἀναθεῖναί | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun; likely indirect object with the infinitive. |
| 5 | ἔστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb functioning as the sentence root. |
| 6 | γραψαμέναις | γράφω | VERB | V-AOP-DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 εἰκόνας | acl | medium | Aorist middle participle agreeing with εἰκόνας is unexpected; likely participial modifier of the noun, with case/number mismatch perhaps due to textual or syntactic irregularity. |
| 7 | εἰκόνας | εἰκών | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἀναθεῖναί | obj | medium | Object of the infinitive; participle at 6 probably modifies this noun. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔστι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |