Grammar parses for passage 5.19.1
Open translation for this passage
τέταρτα δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ λάρνακι ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς περιιόντι Βορέας ἐστὶν ἡρπακὼς Ὠρείθυιαν---οὐραὶ δὲ ὄφεων ἀντὶ ποδῶν εἰσὶν αὐτῷ---καὶ Ἡρακλέους ὁ πρὸς Γηρυόνην ἀγών· τρεῖς δὲ ἄνδρες Γηρυόνης εἰσὶν ἀλλήλοις προσεχόμενοι.
The passage uses an elliptical descriptive/existential construction: Βορέας ἐστὶν ἡρπακώς and Ἡρακλέους ... ἀγών are coordinated descriptions, while εἰσίν ... προσεχόμενοι describes the three men of Geryon.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέταρτα | τέταρτος | ADV | Adverbial ordinal, Acc/Neut/Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστὶν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative: 'fourthly/fourth'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 10 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Preposition, Dat | AdpType=Prep | 5 λάρνακι | case | high | |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Article, Dat/Fem/Sing | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 λάρνακι | det | high | |
| 5 | λάρνακι | λάρναξ | NOUN | Noun, Dat/Fem/Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 περιιόντι | obl | high | |
| 6 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | Preposition, Gen | AdpType=Prep | 7 ἀριστερᾶς | case | high | |
| 7 | ἀριστερᾶς | ἀριστερός | ADJ | Adjective, Gen/Fem/Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 περιιόντι | obl | medium | Substantivized feminine genitive, 'from the left'. |
| 8 | περιιόντι | περίειμι | VERB | Pres Act Part Dat/Masc/Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 Βορέας | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with the understood observer/subject. |
| 9 | Βορέας | Βορέας | PROPN | Noun, Nom/Masc/Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | Pres Ind Act 3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular clause with participle complement. |
| 11 | ἡρπακὼς | ἁρπάζω | VERB | Perf Act Part Nom/Masc/Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 10 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Predicative perfect participle with εἰμί. |
| 12 | Ὠρείθυιαν | Ὠρείθυια | PROPN | Proper noun, Acc/Fem/Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἡρπακὼς | obj | high | |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 16 | οὐραὶ | οὐρά | NOUN | Noun, Nom/Fem/Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 21 εἰσὶν | cc | high | |
| 18 | ὄφεων | ὄφις | NOUN | Noun, Gen/Masc/Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 οὐραὶ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on οὐραί. |
| 19 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | Preposition, Gen | AdpType=Prep | 20 ποδῶν | case | high | |
| 20 | ποδῶν | πούς | NOUN | Noun, Gen/Masc/Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 εἰσὶν | obl | high | Complement of ἀντί. |
| 21 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | Pres Ind Act 3Plur | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐστὶν | conj | high | Coordinated clause, with αὐτῷ as dative possessor. |
| 22 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Personal pronoun, Dat/Masc/Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 21 εἰσὶν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference, 'for him/on him'. |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 εἰσὶν | punct | high | |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 εἰσὶν | punct | high | |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 εἰσὶν | punct | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 31 ἀγών | cc | high | |
| 27 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | Proper noun, Gen/Masc/Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἀγών | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀγών. |
| 28 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Article, Nom/Masc/Sing | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἀγών | det | medium | Article substantivizing/marking the nominalized phrase. |
| 29 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | Preposition, Acc | AdpType=Prep | 30 Γηρυόνην | case | high | |
| 30 | Γηρυόνην | Γηρυόνης | PROPN | Proper noun, Acc/Masc/Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἀγών | nmod | high | Object of πρός within the noun phrase. |
| 31 | ἀγών | ἀγών | NOUN | Noun, Nom/Masc/Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστὶν | conj | medium | Nominal clause coordinated with the preceding description; likely elliptical for 'there is the contest'. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἀγών | punct | high | |
| 33 | τρεῖς | τρεῖς | NUM | Cardinal numeral, Nom/Masc/Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 35 ἄνδρες | nummod | high | |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 37 εἰσὶν | cc | high | |
| 35 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | Noun, Nom/Masc/Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 36 | Γηρυόνης | Γηρυόνης | PROPN | Proper noun, Nom/Masc/Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 ἄνδρες | appos | high | Apposition to ἄνδρες: the three men are Geryon's constituent persons. |
| 37 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | Pres Ind Act 3Plur | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐστὶν | conj | high | Second coordinated existential/copular clause. |
| 38 | ἀλλήλοις | ἀλλήλων | PRON | Reciprocal pronoun, Dat/Masc/Plur | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 39 προσεχόμενοι | obl | high | Dative complement of προσεχόμενοι. |
| 39 | προσεχόμενοι | προσέχω | VERB | Pres Mid Part Nom/Masc/Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 37 εἰσὶν | xcomp | high | Predicative participle with εἰσίν. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 εἰσὶν | punct | high |
Θησεὺς δὲ ἔχων λύραν καὶ παρʼ αὐτὸν Ἀριάδνη κατέχουσά ἐστι στέφανον.
The sentence has coordinated predicative participles: Θησεὺς ἔχων λύραν and Ἀριάδνη ... κατέχουσα στέφανον, with ἐστι as the finite root; παρὰ αὐτόν is a positional adjunct.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θησεὺς | Θησεύς | PROPN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 10 ἐστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAPMSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐστι | advcl | high | Present active circumstantial participle agreeing with Θησεύς. |
| 4 | λύραν | λύρα | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἔχων | obj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 9 κατέχουσά | cc | high | Coordinates the two participial predicates. |
| 6 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R---- | _ | 7 αὐτὸν | case | high | Elided form of παρά. |
| 7 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P--ASM3- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 Ἀριάδνη | obl | medium | Accusative with παρά; idiomatically ‘beside him,’ referring to Θησεύς. |
| 8 | Ἀριάδνη | Ἀριάδνη | PROPN | N--FSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 κατέχουσά | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | κατέχουσά | κατέχω | VERB | V-PAPFSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐστι | conj | high | Present active participle coordinated with ἔχων; accents reflect elision/context. |
| 10 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-पीA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite copular verb; participles function predicatively. |
| 11 | στέφανον | στέφανος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κατέχουσά | obj | high | |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστι | punct | high |
Ἀχιλλεῖ δὲ καὶ Μέμνονι μαχομένοις παρεστήκασιν αἱ μητέρες·
The coordinated datives Ἀχιλλεῖ and Μέμνονι are associated with μαχομένοις; the nominative subject is αἱ μητέρες, who ‘stand beside’ the two combatants.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀχιλλεῖ | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παρεστήκασιν | iobj | high | Dative of the person before whom/with whom the mothers stand, coordinated with Μέμνονι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 παρεστήκασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Μέμνονι | cc | high | Coordinates Μέμνονι with Ἀχιλλεῖ. |
| 4 | Μέμνονι | Μέμνων | PROPN | 3rd-decl dat sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἀχιλλεῖ | conj | high | Second coordinated dative complement. |
| 5 | μαχομένοις | μάχομαι | VERB | Pres Mid.Part.Dat.Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 Ἀχιλλεῖ | acl | medium | Dative plural participle agreeing with the coordinated male datives; circumstantial/characterizing participle ‘fighting’. |
| 6 | παρεστήκασιν | παρίστημι | VERB | Perf Act Ind 3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active, 3rd plural; ‘stand beside/are present’. |
| 7 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | Art.Dat? | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 μητέρες | det | high | Feminine plural nominative article. |
| 8 | μητέρες | μήτηρ | NOUN | 3rd-decl Nom Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 παρεστήκασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of παρεστήκασιν. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 παρεστήκασιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |