Grammar parses for passage 5.20.4
Open translation for this passage
λόγον δέ, ὃν Ἀρίσταρχος ἔλεγεν ὁ τῶν Ὀλυμπίασιν ἐξηγητής, οὔ με εἰκὸς ἦν παριδεῖν·
The syntax is a relative clause apposed to λόγον, followed by an impersonal evaluation clause with infinitival complement; ἐξηγητής is treated as appositive to λόγον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 παριδεῖν | obj | high | Accusative object of παριδεῖν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 λόγον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λόγον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 4 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἔλεγεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to λόγον. |
| 5 | Ἀρίσταρχος | Ἀρίσταρχος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἔλεγεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔλεγεν. |
| 6 | ἔλεγεν | λέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 ἐξηγητής | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying λόγον. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐξηγητής | det | high | Article with ἐξηγητής. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 10 ἐξηγητής | det | medium | Article introducing the genitive phrase; likely part of τοῦ Ὀλυμπίασιν. |
| 9 | Ὀλυμπίασιν | Ὀλύμπια | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐξηγητής | nmod | medium | Likely dative plural with locative sense ('at Olympia'). |
| 10 | ἐξηγητής | ἐξηγητής | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 λόγον | appos | high | Appositive to λόγον, with relative clause modifying it. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐξηγητής | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 16 παριδεῖν | advmod | high | Negation of infinitive clause. |
| 13 | με | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 16 παριδεῖν | obj | high | Object of παριδεῖν. |
| 14 | εἰκὸς | εἰκός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicative subject with ἦν. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 16 παριδεῖν | aux | high | Copular/auxiliary verb in impersonal construction. |
| 16 | παριδεῖν | παροράω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main infinitival predicate after impersonal εἰκός ἦν. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παριδεῖν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὃς ἐπὶ τῆς ἡλικίας ἔφη τῆς ἑαυτοῦ τὸν ὄροφον τοῦ Ἡραίου πεπονηκότα ἐπανορθουμένων Ἠλείων ὁπλίτου νεκρὸν τραύματα ἔχοντα μεταξὺ ἀμφοτέρων εὑρεθῆναι, τῆς τε ἐς εὐπρέπειαν στέγης καὶ τῆς ἀνεχούσης τὸν κέραμον·
Main clause has reported speech with infinitival complement; genitive absolutes and participial phrases create attachment ambiguity.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 5 ἔφη | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to προηγούμενος ὁ ἀνήρ/τις. |
| 2 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | s---g | Case=Gen | 4 ἡλικίας | case | high | Governed by ἡλικίας. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἡλικίας | det | high | |
| 4 | ἡλικίας | ἡλικία | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔφη | obl | high | Temporal/locative genitive with ἐπί. |
| 5 | ἔφη | φημί | VERB | v3sria--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb introducing reported speech. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἑαυτοῦ | det | high | |
| 7 | ἑαυτοῦ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | p-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 9 ὄροφον | det | medium | Possessive/reflexive modifier of ὄροφον; article present in the text. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ὄροφον | det | high | |
| 9 | ὄροφον | ὄροφος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 εὑρεθῆναι | obj | medium | Object of reported infinitive, with participial modifier. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Ἡραίου | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἡραίου | Ἡραῖον | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὄροφον | nmod | medium | Likely genitive dependent of ὄροφον ('of the Heraion'). |
| 12 | πεπονηκότα | πονέω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ὄροφον | amod | high | Accusative participle modifying ὄροφον. |
| 13 | ἐπανορθουμένων | ἐπανορθόω | VERB | v-pppmg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 Ἠλείων | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with Ἠλείων; semantic relation to main reported event. |
| 14 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπανορθουμένων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 15 | ὁπλίτου | ὁπλίτης | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 εὑρεθῆναι | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on εὑρεθῆναι / the missing understood agent or context is unclear. |
| 16 | νεκρὸν | νεκρός | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἔχοντα | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective within the infinitival complement. |
| 17 | τραύματα | τραῦμα | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἔχοντα | obj | high | |
| 18 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | v-sppama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 εὑρεθῆναι | advcl | medium | Participial modifier of the understood subject of εὑρεθῆναι. |
| 19 | μεταξὺ | μεταξύ | ADP | d-------- | _ | 20 ἀμφοτέρων | case | high | Postpositive preposition with genitive. |
| 20 | ἀμφοτέρων | ἀμφότερος | ADJ | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 εὑρεθῆναι | obl | high | Complement of μεταξὺ. |
| 21 | εὑρεθῆναι | εὑρίσκω | VERB | v--anp--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 5 ἔφη | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔφη. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔφη | punct | high | |
| 23 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 στέγης | det | high | |
| 24 | τε | τε | PART | d-------- | _ | 23 τῆς | cc | high | Correlative τε. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | s---a | Case=Acc | 26 εὐπρέπειαν | case | high | |
| 26 | εὐπρέπειαν | εὐπρέπεια | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 στέγης | nmod | high | Goal/purpose relation in genitive-absolute-like phrase. |
| 27 | στέγης | στέγη | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἀνεχούσης | obl | medium | Genitive dependent of ἀνεχούσης, with article 23. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 24 τε | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive phrases. |
| 29 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 ἀνεχούσης | det | high | |
| 30 | ἀνεχούσης | ἀνέχω | VERB | v-sppfgf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 στέγης | amod | medium | Participle modifying στέγης. |
| 31 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 32 κέραμον | det | high | |
| 32 | κέραμον | κέραμος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἀνεχούσης | obj | high | Object of ἀνεχούσης. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔφη | punct | high |
τοῦτον τὸν ἄνδρα μαχέσασθαι τὴν μάχην τὴν ἐντὸς Ἄλτεως πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους Ἠλείων.
Absolute/accusative-with-infinitive structure: τοῦτον τὸν ἄνδρα is the accusative subject of μαχέσασθαι, with μάχην as object and two prepositional modifiers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | Pp--a---m- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἄνδρα | det | high | Demonstrative modifying ἄνδρα. |
| 2 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Rd--a---m- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἄνδρα | det | high | Article with ἄνδρα. |
| 3 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 μαχέσασθαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | μαχέσασθαι | μάχομαι | VERB | v--aor-inf-m | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Infinitival main predicate. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Rd--a---f- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 μάχην | det | high | Article with μάχην. |
| 6 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 μαχέσασθαι | obj | high | Object/complement of μαχέσασθαι. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Rd--a---f- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 μάχην | det | high | Article introducing the participial modifier. |
| 8 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADP | g--------- | _ | 9 Ἄλτεως | case | medium | Preposition governing Ἄλτεως. |
| 9 | Ἄλτεως | Ἄλτις | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 μάχην | nmod | medium | Genitive complement of ἐντός; proper name of the Altis. |
| 10 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | d--------- | _ | 11 Λακεδαιμονίους | case | high | Preposition governing Λακεδαιμονίους. |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 μάχην | nmod | high | Prepositional modifier of μάχην. |
| 12 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | n-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Λακεδαιμονίους | nmod | medium | Genitive limiting Λακεδαιμονίους; probably 'of the Eleans'. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 μαχέσασθαι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |