Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.20.5

← 5.20.4 5.20.6 →

Passage 5.20.5

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4sentences parsed

82Greek tokens

3,104input tokens

5,982output tokens

Sentence 1

5.20.5 sentence 1

Tokens: 18
Input: 738
Output: 1,331
Total: 2,069

καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν θεῶν τὰ ἱερὰ καὶ ἐς πάντα ὁμοίως τὰ ὑψηλὰ ἐπαναβαίνοντες ἠμύνοντο οἱ Ἠλεῖοι.

The participle ἐπαναβαίνοντες is coordinated with the finite verb and agrees with οἱ Ἠλεῖοι; ἐπί and ἐς govern separate accusative objects, while τὰ ἱερά is coordinated with τὰ ὑψηλά as the objects of ἠμύνοντο.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	15 ἠμύνοντο	cc	high
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	PART	_	15 ἠμύνοντο	discourse	high	Explanatory particle; deprel rendered as discourse.
3	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	5 θεῶν	case	high	With accusative τῶν θεῶν.
4	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 θεῶν	det	high
5	θεῶν	θεός	NOUN	N-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἠμύνοντο	obl	medium	The phrase ἐπὶ τῶν θεῶν is idiomatic/context-dependent; accusative is certain from form.
6	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 ἱερὰ	det	high
7	ἱερὰ	ἱερός	NOUN	A-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἠμύνοντο	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘sacred things’; coordinated with τὰ ὑψηλά.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	13 ὑψηλὰ	cc	high
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	10 πάντα	case	high	Variant form of εἰς; with accusative.
10	πάντα	πᾶς	ADJ	A-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	13 ὑψηλὰ	amod	high	Attributive modifier of τὰ ὑψηλά.
11	ὁμοίως	ὁμοίως	ADV	ADV	_	14 ἐπαναβαίνοντες	advmod	high
12	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	13 ὑψηλὰ	det	high
13	ὑψηλὰ	ὑψηλός	NOUN	A-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἠμύνοντο	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘high places/things’; coordinated with τὰ ἱερά.
14	ἐπαναβαίνοντες	ἐπαναβαίνω	VERB	V-PPAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	15 ἠμύνοντο	advcl	high	Conjoined/participial circumstance, agreeing with οἱ Ἠλεῖοι.
15	ἠμύνοντο	ἀμύνω	VERB	V- Impf M 3Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
16	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 Ἠλεῖοι	det	high
17	Ἠλεῖοι	Ἠλεῖος	PROPN	N-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἠμύνοντο	nsubj	high	Ethnic name used substantivally: the Eleans.
18	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	15 ἠμύνοντο	punct	high

Sentence 2

5.20.5 sentence 2

Tokens: 14
Input: 725
Output: 1,114
Total: 1,839

οὗτος δʼ οὖν ὁ ἀνὴρ ἐφαίνετο ἡμῖν ὑποδῦναι μὲν ἐνταῦθα λιποψυχήσας ὑπὸ τραυμάτων·

The infinitive ὑποδῦναι is a complement of ἐφαίνετο, with ἀνήρ as its understood subject; λιποψυχήσας is a same-subject causal/circumstantial participle.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οὗτος	οὗτος	PRON	PDS---NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	5 ἀνὴρ	det	high	Demonstrative determiner modifying ἀνήρ.
2	δʼ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἐφαίνετο	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	οὖν	οὖν	PART	PART	_	6 ἐφαίνετο	discourse	high	Inferential particle.
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 ἀνὴρ	det	high	Article with ἀνήρ.
5	ἀνὴρ	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N---NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἐφαίνετο	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐφαίνετο.
6	ἐφαίνετο	φαίνω	VERB	V3S-IMI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperf\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Middle/passive-form verb, here ‘appeared/seemed’.
7	ἡμῖν	ἐγώ	PRON	P1P---MD-	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	6 ἐφαίνετο	iobj	high	Dative experiencer with ἐφαίνετο.
8	ὑποδῦναι	ὑποδύω	VERB	V--NAI	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	6 ἐφαίνετο	xcomp	high	Articular/accusative-infinitive-like complement of ἐφαίνετο; subject is ἀνήρ.
9	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	8 ὑποδῦναι	discourse	high	Correlative particle associated with the infinitival predicate.
10	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	D--------	PronType=Dem	8 ὑποδῦναι	advmod	high	Locative adverb modifying ὑποδῦναι.
11	λιποψυχήσας	λιποψυχέω	VERB	V--AAP-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	8 ὑποδῦναι	advcl	high	Aorist participle agreeing with the understood subject of ὑποδῦναι.
12	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	13 τραυμάτων	case	high	Agent/cause preposition governing genitive.
13	τραυμάτων	τραῦμα	NOUN	N---PGN-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	11 λιποψυχήσας	obl	high	Genitive complement of ὑπό, expressing cause.
14	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἐφαίνετο	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

5.20.5 sentence 3

Tokens: 26
Input: 834
Output: 1,856
Total: 2,690

ὡς δὲ ἀφῆκε τὴν ψυχήν, οὐκ ἔμελλεν ἄρα οὔτε πνῖγος θέρους οὔτε ἐν χειμῶνι κρυμὸς ἔσεσθαι τῷ νεκρῷ βλάβος ἅτε ἐν σκέπῃ πάσῃ κειμένῳ.

Temporal ὡς-clause with ἀφῆκε governs the main clause; ἔμελλεν + infinitive expresses prospective necessity/impossibility. The coordinated subjects πνῖγος and κρυμὸς govern ἔσεσθαι, while βλάβος is a predicate nominative with τῷ νεκρῷ as dative of reference and ἅτε introducing the causal participial adjunct.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C	PronType=Rel	3 ἀφῆκε	mark	high	Temporal conjunction.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	3 ἀφῆκε	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἀφῆκε	ἀφίημι	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	8 ἔμελλεν	advcl	high	Aorist temporal-clause predicate.
4	τὴν	ὁ	DET	RAFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 ψυχήν	det	high
5	ψυχήν	ψυχή	NOUN	NAFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 ἀφῆκε	obj	high	Object of ἀφῆκε.
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἀφῆκε	punct	high
7	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	D	Polarity=Neg	8 ἔμελλεν	advmod	high	Negates ἔμελλεν.
8	ἔμελλεν	μέλλω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite predicate.
9	ἄρα	ἄρα	ADV	D	_	8 ἔμελλεν	advmod	high	Inferential particle.
10	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	C	_	11 πνῖγος	cc	high	First member of οὔτε...οὔτε coordination.
11	πνῖγος	πνῖγος	NOUN	NNSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 ἔσεσθαι	nsubj	high	First coordinated subject of ἔσεσθαι.
12	θέρους	θέρος	NOUN	NGSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 πνῖγος	nmod	high	Seasonal genitive.
13	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	C	_	16 κρυμὸς	cc	high	Second member of οὔτε...οὔτε coordination.
14	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	Case=Dat	15 χειμῶνι	case	high
15	χειμῶνι	χειμών	NOUN	NDSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 κρυμὸς	obl	high	Seasonal phrase.
16	κρυμὸς	κρυμός	NOUN	NMSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 ἔσεσθαι	conj	high	Second coordinated subject of ἔσεσθαι.
17	ἔσεσθαι	εἰμί	AUX	V-FMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Mid	8 ἔμελλεν	xcomp	high	Future infinitive complement of ἔμελλεν.
18	τῷ	ὁ	DET	RDSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	19 νεκρῷ	det	high
19	νεκρῷ	νεκρός	NOUN	NDSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 βλάβος	iobj	medium	Dative of reference with βλάβος.
20	βλάβος	βλάβος	NOUN	NNSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 ἔσεσθαι	nsubj	medium	Predicative noun, likely subject/predicate complement within the infinitive.
21	ἅτε	ἅτε	SCONJ	C	_	25 κειμένῳ	mark	high	Causal/concessive participial marker.
22	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	Case=Dat	23 σκέπῃ	case	high
23	σκέπῃ	σκέπη	NOUN	NDFS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 κειμένῳ	obl	high	Object of ἐν.
24	πάσῃ	πᾶς	DET	A-DFS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 σκέπῃ	det	high	Attributive adjective functioning as determiner.
25	κειμένῳ	κεῖμαι	VERB	V-PMP-DNS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	20 βλάβος	acl	high	Participial adjunct agreeing with νεκρῷ.
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἔμελλεν	punct	high

Sentence 4

5.20.5 sentence 4

Tokens: 24
Input: 807
Output: 1,681
Total: 2,488

ἔλεγε δὲ καὶ τόδε ἔτι ὁ Ἀρίσταρχος, ὡς ἐκκομίσαιντο ἐς τὸ ἐκτὸς τῆς Ἄλτεως τὸν νεκρὸν καὶ ὁμοῦ τοῖς ὅπλοις γῇ κρύψαιεν.

The ὡς-clause is reported content governed by ἔλεγε; its two aorist optatives are coordinated and share an implicit third-person-plural subject.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔλεγε	λέγω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἔλεγε	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	ADV	ADV	_	4 τόδε	advmod	high	Adverbial καί modifying τόδε.
4	τόδε	ὅδε	PRON	PD-NSN	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Demonstrative	1 ἔλεγε	obj	high
5	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	ADV	_	1 ἔλεγε	advmod	high
6	ὁ	ὁ	DET	DA-NMS	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Article	7 Ἀρίσταρχος	det	high
7	Ἀρίσταρχος	Ἀρίσταρχος	PROPN	N-NMS	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	1 ἔλεγε	nsubj	high
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔλεγε	punct	high
9	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	10 ἐκκομίσαιντο	mark	high	Introduces reported content.
10	ἐκκομίσαιντο	ἐκκομίζω	VERB	V-OAM-3P	Mood=Optative\|Number=Plural\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	1 ἔλεγε	ccomp	medium	Third-person plural aorist optative in reported discourse; syntactic subject is implicit/indefinite.
11	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	13 ἐκτὸς	case	high
12	τὸ	ὁ	DET	DA-ASN	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Article	13 ἐκτὸς	det	high
13	ἐκτὸς	ἐκτός	ADV	ADV	_	10 ἐκκομίσαιντο	obl	high	Substantivized/adverbial ἐκτός with εἰς.
14	τῆς	ὁ	DET	DA-GSF	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Article	15 Ἄλτεως	det	high
15	Ἄλτεως	Ἄλτις	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	13 ἐκτὸς	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἐκτός.
16	τὸν	ὁ	DET	DA-ASM	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Article	17 νεκρὸν	det	high
17	νεκρὸν	νεκρός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	10 ἐκκομίσαιντο	obj	high
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 κρύψαιεν	cc	high	Coordinates the second reported action.
19	ὁμοῦ	ὁμοῦ	ADV	ADV	_	23 κρύψαιεν	advmod	high
20	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	DA-DPN	Case=Dative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural\|PronType=Article	21 ὅπλοις	det	high
21	ὅπλοις	ὅπλον	NOUN	N-DPN	Case=Dative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural	23 κρύψαιεν	obl	high	Dative of accompaniment with ὁμοῦ.
22	γῇ	γῆ	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	23 κρύψαιεν	obl	high	Dative of place/material in the burial expression.
23	κρύψαιεν	κρύπτω	VERB	V-OAM-3P	Mood=Optative\|Number=Plural\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	10 ἐκκομίσαιντο	conj	high	Coordinated with ἐκκομίσαιντο; shared implicit subject.
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔλεγε	punct	high

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