Grammar parses for passage 5.21.13
Open translation for this passage
κατεγνώσθη δὲ οὐ δοῦναι χρήματα ἢ λαβεῖν αὐτός, ἀλλὰ τοιόνδε ἄλλο ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐξυβρίσαι.
Impersonal κατεγνώσθη governs an articular infinitival complement: the judgment was not to give or take money oneself, but to commit another kind of outrage against the contest. The subject of δοῦναι/λαβεῖν is understood and αὐτός is a nominative predicative/emphatic subject; τοιόνδε ἄλλο is the object-like complement of ἐξυβρίσαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατεγνώσθη | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | V-AAI-3S-PASS | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive, ‘it was judged/decided’; governs the infinitival complement. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κατεγνώσθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PRT-N | Polarity=Neg | 4 δοῦναι | advmod | high | Negates the first infinitive. |
| 4 | δοῦναι | δίδωμι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 1 κατεγνώσθη | xcomp | high | First coordinated infinitival complement. |
| 5 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 4 δοῦναι | obj | high | Object of δοῦναι. |
| 6 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 λαβεῖν | cc | high | Coordinates the infinitives δοῦναι and λαβεῖν. |
| 7 | λαβεῖν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 4 δοῦναι | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive. |
| 8 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Prs | 7 λαβεῖν | nsubj | medium | Emphatic nominative subject of λαβεῖν, understood also with δοῦναι. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λαβεῖν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐξυβρίσαι | cc | high | Adversative coordinator introducing the alternative infinitive. |
| 11 | τοιόνδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Dem | 12 ἄλλο | amod | high | Demonstrative adjective modifying ἄλλο. |
| 12 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 16 ἐξυβρίσαι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἐξυβρίσαι. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 ἀγῶνα | case | high | Preposition governing τὸν ἀγῶνα. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 15 ἀγῶνα | det | high | Article modifying ἀγῶνα. |
| 15 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 16 ἐξυβρίσαι | obl | high | Prepositional oblique complement of ἐξυβρίσαι. |
| 16 | ἐξυβρίσαι | ἐξυβρίζω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 1 κατεγνώσθη | xcomp | high | Adversative alternative infinitival complement of κατεγνώσθη. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κατεγνώσθη | punct | high |
ἀφίκετο οὐκ ἐς τὸν εἰρημένον καιρόν, καὶ αὐτὸν ὑπὸ Ἠλείων πειθομένων τῷ νόμῳ ἐλείπετο τοῦ ἀγῶνος εἴργεσθαι·
The syntax is somewhat compressed: αὐτόν is the accusative subject/object associated with the passive ἐλείπετο, while εἴργεσθαι is its infinitival complement; πειθομένων Ἠλείων τῷ νόμῳ is a genitive-participial construction describing the Eleans' observance of the rule.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-3S-AMI | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART-NEG | Polarity=Neg | 1 ἀφίκετο | advmod | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 καιρόν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 καιρόν | det | high | |
| 5 | εἰρημένον | λέγω | VERB | V-PMPASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Participle|Voice=Middle | 6 καιρόν | amod | high | Perfect middle/passive participle, substantivally modifying καιρόν. |
| 6 | καιρόν | καιρός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐλείπετο | cc | high | |
| 9 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 15 ἐλείπετο | obj | medium | Resumptive accusative referring to the subject/person who arrived. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Ἠλείων | case | high | |
| 11 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐλείπετο | obl:agent | high | Agent with passive ἐλείπετο. |
| 12 | πειθομένων | πείθομαι | VERB | V-PMPGPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Participle|Voice=Middle | 11 Ἠλείων | acl | medium | Genitive participle agreeing with Ἠλείων; genitive absolute-like construction, with τῷ νόμῳ as dative complement. |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 νόμῳ | det | high | |
| 14 | νόμῳ | νόμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 πειθομένων | iobj | high | Dative complement of πείθομαι. |
| 15 | ἐλείπετο | λείπω | VERB | V-3S-IPI | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Passive | 1 ἀφίκετο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb; subject is αὐτόν in a passive/impersonal construction. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀγῶνος | det | high | |
| 17 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 εἴργεσθαι | obl | high | Genitive of separation with εἴργεσθαι. |
| 18 | εἴργεσθαι | εἴργω | VERB | V-PNM | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 15 ἐλείπετο | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐλείπετο: was prevented from being excluded/barred. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐλείπετο | punct | high |
τὴν γάρ οἱ πρόφασιν, ὡς ἐν ταῖς Κυκλάσι νήσοις ὑπὸ ἀνέμων κατείχετο ἐναντίων, Ἡρακλείδης γένος καὶ αὐτὸς Ἀλεξανδρεὺς ἤλεγχεν ἀπάτην οὖσαν·
Main clause: Ἡρακλείδης ... ἤλεγχεν τὴν πρόφασιν ἀπάτην οὖσαν; the ὡς-clause gives the alleged pretext, with κατείχετο agreeing with an implicit feminine subject (likely the person/vessel understood from context) and ἐναντίων agreeing with ἀνέμων. γένος is a predicative apposition/ethnic description with Ἡρακλείδης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πρόφασιν | det | high | |
| 2 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | -------- | _ | 21 ἤλεγχεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P--D--3-- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 πρόφασιν | iobj | medium | Enclitic personal pronoun, likely ethical/possessive dative: ‘for him’. |
| 4 | πρόφασιν | πρόφασις | NOUN | N--AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἤλεγχεν | obj | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἤλεγχεν | punct | high | |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 κατείχετο | mark | high | Introduces the content/characterization of the pretext. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 νήσοις | case | high | |
| 8 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | S--DFP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Κυκλάσι | det | high | |
| 9 | Κυκλάσι | Κυκλάς | PROPN | Ne-DPF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 νήσοις | nmod | high | Name of the Cyclades; dative plural with ἐν. |
| 10 | νήσοις | νῆσος | NOUN | N--DFP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 κατείχετο | obl | high | |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ἀνέμων | case | high | Agent/source phrase with genitive. |
| 12 | ἀνέμων | ἄνεμος | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 κατείχετο | obl | high | |
| 13 | κατείχετο | κατέχω | VERB | V3SIIM--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 21 ἤλεγχεν | ccomp | medium | Imperfect middle/passive; subject is implicit or contextually supplied. |
| 14 | ἐναντίων | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀνέμων | amod | high | |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἤλεγχεν | punct | high | |
| 16 | Ἡρακλείδης | Ἡρακλείδης | PROPN | Ne-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἤλεγχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N--ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 Ἡρακλείδης | appos | medium | Predicative/appositional ethnic description; syntactic case is noncanonical or attracted. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 19 αὐτὸς | cc | high | |
| 19 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P--NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 20 Ἀλεξανδρεὺς | amod | high | Intensive pronoun modifying/identifying Ἀλεξανδρεύς: ‘himself’. |
| 20 | Ἀλεξανδρεὺς | Ἀλεξανδρεύς | PROPN | Ne-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Ἡρακλείδης | appos | high | Apposition to Ἡρακλείδης, ‘an Alexandrian himself’. |
| 21 | ἤλεγχεν | ἐλέγχω | VERB | V3SIIA--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 22 | ἀπάτην | ἀπάτη | NOUN | N--AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἤλεγχεν | xcomp | high | Accusative predicate complement with πρόφασιν. |
| 23 | οὖσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAPAFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἀπάτην | cop | high | Present active participle agreeing with πρόφασιν; ‘being a deception’. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἤλεγχεν | punct | high |
ὑστερῆσαι γὰρ χρήματα ἐκ τῶν ἀγώνων αὐτὸν ἐκλέγοντα τῶν ἐν Ἰωνίᾳ.
Infinitival clause: ὑστερῆσαι is the root predicate, with accusative-and-infinitive subject/object construction αὐτὸν ἐκλέγοντα; χρήματα is the object of ἐκλέγοντα, and τῶν ἐν Ἰωνίᾳ is a genitive modifier of ἀγώνων. The exact higher attachment of the infinitive is context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑστερῆσαι | ὑστερέω | VERB | V--ANF-- | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active infinitive; discourse-level attachment is context-dependent. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | Polarity=Pos | 1 ὑστερῆσαι | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐκλέγοντα | obj | high | Accusative plural object of ἐκλέγοντα. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἀγώνων | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἀγώνων | det | high | Article agreeing with ἀγώνων. |
| 6 | ἀγώνων | ἀγών | NOUN | N----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐκλέγοντα | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 7 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 8 ἐκλέγοντα | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the participle in an accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 8 | ἐκλέγοντα | ἐκλέγω | VERB | V-PAPASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ὑστερῆσαι | xcomp | medium | Present active participle, agreeing with αὐτόν; semantically linked to the infinitive. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἀγώνων | det | high | Article introducing the substantivally/attributively genitive phrase ἐν Ἰωνίᾳ. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Ἰωνίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 11 | Ἰωνίᾳ | Ἰωνία | PROPN | Ne----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀγώνων | nmod | high | Proper name in a locative prepositional phrase modifying ἀγώνων. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | ---------- | _ | 1 ὑστερῆσαι | punct | high |