Grammar parses for passage 5.3.1
Open translation for this passage
Ἡρακλῆς δὲ εἷλεν ὕστερον καὶ ἐπόρθησεν Ἦλιν, στρατιὰν παρά τε Ἀργείων καὶ ἐκ Θηβῶν ἀθροίσας καὶ Ἀρκάδας·
Ἡρακλῆς is the subject of the coordinated finite verbs εἷλεν and ἐπόρθησεν; ἀθροίσας is a circumstantial aorist participle modifying the subject, with στρατιάν as its object. παρά τε Ἀργείων and ἐκ Θηβῶν are source/among expressions dependent on στρατιάν; καὶ Ἀρκάδας is coordinated with the στρατιάν phrase, with an elided or shared participial relation and uncertain case function.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 εἷλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 εἷλεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἷλεν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AIA3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 εἷλεν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative/adverb. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐπόρθησεν | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἐπόρθησεν | πορθέω | VERB | V-AIA3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 εἷλεν | conj | high | |
| 7 | Ἦλιν | Ἦλις | PROPN | N--SFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπόρθησεν | obj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 εἷλεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | στρατιὰν | στρατιά | NOUN | N--SFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀθροίσας | obj | high | Object of ἀθροίσας; semantically the army used in the conquest. |
| 10 | παρά | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἀργείων | case | high | |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | X-------- | _ | 10 παρά | advmod | high | Correlative enclitic with καί at token 13. |
| 12 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A--GP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 στρατιὰν | nmod | high | Genitive complement of παρά. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἐκ | cc | high | Coordinates the source phrases παρά τε Ἀργείων and ἐκ Θηβῶν. |
| 14 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Θηβῶν | case | high | |
| 15 | Θηβῶν | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N--GP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 στρατιὰν | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 16 | ἀθροίσας | ἀθροίζω | VERB | V-APPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 εἷλεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 Ἀρκάδας | cc | medium | Coordinates Ἀρκάδας with the preceding army/source phrase; exact attachment is elliptical. |
| 18 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N--PMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀθροίσας | obj | medium | Accusative coordinated with στρατιάν, with shared or elliptical relation to ἀθροίσας. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 εἷλεν | punct | high |
καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἐτιμωρήσατο αὐτῶν ὁ Ἡρακλῆς, τῆς δὲ ἐπὶ τοὺς Πισαίους στρατείας αὐτὸν χρησμὸς ἐπέσχεν ἐκ Δελφῶν ἔχων οὕτω·
The first clause has τοὺς μέν as an understood object of ἐτιμωρήσατο, with αὐτῶν a genitive of relation/source; in the second clause χρησμός is subject and αὐτόν is the object of ἐπέσχεν, while ἔχων agrees with χρησμός and introduces the oracle wording.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐτιμωρήσατο | cc | high | |
| 2 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐτιμωρήσατο | obj | high | Substantivized article; referent understood from context. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | 粒 | _ | 4 ἐτιμωρήσατο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; corresponding δέ is token 10. |
| 4 | ἐτιμωρήσατο | τιμωρέω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 4 ἐτιμωρήσατο | nmod | medium | Genitive of relation/source with the understood object. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἡρακλῆς | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐτιμωρήσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐτιμωρήσατο | punct | high | |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 στρατείας | det | high | |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 χρησμὸς | cc | high | Correlative δέ corresponding to μέν. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 14 στρατείας | case | high | |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Πισαίους | det | high | |
| 13 | Πισαίους | Πισαῖος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐπὶ | obl | high | Object of ἐπί in the phrase modifying στρατείας. |
| 14 | στρατείας | στρατεία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 χρησμὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on αὐτόν: as regards the expedition. |
| 15 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 17 ἐπέσχεν | obj | high | |
| 16 | χρησμὸς | χρησμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐπέσχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | ἐπέσχεν | ἐπέχω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἐτιμωρήσατο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite clause. |
| 18 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 19 Δελφῶν | case | high | |
| 19 | Δελφῶν | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐπέσχεν | obl | high | Source phrase, ‘from Delphi’. |
| 20 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 χρησμὸς | acl | medium | Participial adjunct agreeing with χρησμός; the oracle has the following wording. |
| 21 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D | _ | 20 ἔχων | advmod | high | |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐπέσχεν | punct | high |
πατρὶ μέλει Πίσης, Πυθοῦς δέ μοι ἐν γυάλοισι.
Impersonal μέλει governs the dative πατρί, with Πίσης as the genitive person/thing concerned; the second coordinated clause is elliptical, with Πυθοῦς dependent on an understood μέλει and μοι as experiencer, while ἐν γυάλοισι is locative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πατρὶ | πατήρ | NOUN | N-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 μέλει | iobj | high | Dative experiencer with impersonal μέλει. |
| 2 | μέλει | μέλω | VERB | V3spia | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal verb, ‘it is a concern to’. |
| 3 | Πίσης | Πῖσα | PROPN | Ne-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 μέλει | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on μέλει; place-name form is morphologically ambiguous. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 μέλει | punct | high | |
| 5 | Πυθοῦς | Πυθώ | PROPN | Ne-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 μέλει | conj | medium | Coordinated genitive place-name; syntactically shares the governing μέλει, perhaps across ellipsis. |
| 6 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 5 Πυθοῦς | cc | high | |
| 7 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1dat-s | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 2 μέλει | iobj | medium | Dative experiencer in the second, elliptical clause. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R---- | _ | 9 γυάλοισι | case | high | |
| 9 | γυάλοισι | γυάλον | NOUN | N-dat-pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 Πυθοῦς | nmod | medium | Locative phrase; -οισι is an epic/dialectal dative plural ending. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 μέλει | punct | high |
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ σωτηρία Πισαίοις τὸ μάντευμα ἐγένετο·
Copular clause: τὸ μάντευμα is the subject and σωτηρία the predicate nominative; τοῦτο is a demonstrative predicative/topic element, while μὲν δή are particles. ἐγένετο is aorist middle of γίγνομαι, with Πισαίοις as a dative of benefit.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD.NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 ἐγένετο | nsubj | medium | Neuter demonstrative, likely resumptive/predicative topic; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | 粒 | _ | 8 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Correlative/discourse particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | 粒 | _ | 8 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Emphatic/discourse particle. |
| 4 | σωτηρία | σωτηρία | NOUN | N-S--FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγένετο | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative with γίγνομαι; copular-predicate analysis. |
| 5 | Πισαίοις | Πισαῖος | PROPN | N——-DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 8 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Dative of benefit/reference: ‘for the Pisaians’. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 μάντευμα | det | high | Article introducing the neuter subject. |
| 7 | μάντευμα | μάντευμα | NOUN | N-S--NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 8 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SAMI | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle indicative, ‘came to be/became’. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
Φυλεῖ δὲ Ἡρακλῆς τήν τε χώραν ἀνέδωκε τὴν Ἠλείαν καὶ τἄλλα, αἰδοῖ τοῦ Φυλέως μᾶλλον ἢ αὐτὸς ἑκουσίως· τά τε γὰρ αἰχμάλωτα ἐφίησιν ἔχειν αὐτῷ καὶ Αὐγέαν μὴ ὑποσχεῖν δίκην.
The sentence has two coordinated predicates: ἀνέδωκε governs χώραν ... Ἠλείαν and τἄλλα, while ἐφίησιν governs αἰχμάλωτα and the complementary infinitives ἔχειν and ὑποσχεῖν; αἰδοῖ τοῦ Φυλέως is a causal dative and μᾶλλον ἢ ... ἑκουσίως is comparative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φυλεῖ | φυλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἀνέδωκε | csubj | medium | Imperfective present form; functions as a preceding predicate with Ἡρακλῆς as subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 Φυλεῖ | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Φυλεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τήν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 χώραν | det | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 χώραν | cc | high | Correlates with τε before τἄλλα. |
| 6 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνέδωκε | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἀνέδωκε | ἀναδίδωμι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Ἠλείαν | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἠλείαν | Ἠλεία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 χώραν | appos | high | Appositional specification of χώραν. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 τἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 11 | τἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἀνέδωκε | obj | high | Crasiς τὰ ἄλλα; substantivized adjective. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνέδωκε | punct | high | |
| 13 | αἰδοῖ | αἰδώς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνέδωκε | obl | medium | Causal or respect dative: ‘out of regard for’. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Φυλέως | det | high | |
| 15 | Φυλέως | Φυλεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 αἰδοῖ | nmod | high | |
| 16 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 19 ἑκουσίως | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἑκουσίως | mark | high | Introduces the comparative alternative. |
| 18 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 19 ἑκουσίως | nsubj | medium | Reflexive/emphatic subject of ἑκουσίως, understood as Heracles. |
| 19 | ἑκουσίως | ἑκουσίως | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 ἀνέδωκε | advmod | medium | Comparative phrase μᾶλλον ἢ αὐτὸς ἑκουσίως. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνέδωκε | punct | high | |
| 21 | τά | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 αἰχμάλωτα | det | high | |
| 22 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 αἰχμάλωτα | cc | high | Correlates with καί before Αὐγέαν. |
| 23 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ἐφίησιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 24 | αἰχμάλωτα | αἰχμάλωτος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἐφίησιν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘captives’. |
| 25 | ἐφίησιν | ἐφίημι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἀνέδωκε | parataxis | high | Second coordinated/main predicate after the punctuation. |
| 26 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 ἐφίησιν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἐφίησιν. |
| 27 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 26 ἔχειν | iobj | high | Dative with ἔχειν: for him/to him. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 ὑποσχεῖν | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitival complements. |
| 29 | Αὐγέαν | Αὐγείας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ὑποσχεῖν | obj | medium | Accusative object of ὑποσχεῖν; spelling is the contracted accusative form. |
| 30 | μὴ | μή | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 31 ὑποσχεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 31 | ὑποσχεῖν | ὑπέχω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 25 ἐφίησιν | xcomp | high | Second complementary infinitive; μὴ negates it. |
| 32 | δίκην | δίκη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ὑποσχεῖν | obj | high | Accusative object in the idiom δίκην ὑποσχεῖν. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνέδωκε | punct | high |