Grammar parses for passage 5.7.4
Open translation for this passage
ὅσοι δὲ Ἑλλήνων ἢ Αἰγυπτίων ἐς Αἰθιοπίαν τὴν ὑπὲρ Συήνης καὶ ἐς Μερόην Αἰθιόπων πόλιν ἀναβεβήκασι, λέγουσιν οὗτοι τὸν Νεῖλον, ἐσιόντα ἐς λίμνην καὶ διʼ αὐτῆς διεξιόντα ὥσπερ ἐκ χέρσου, μετὰ τοῦτο ἤδη διʼ Αἰθιοπίας τῆς κάτω καὶ ἐς Αἴγυπτον ῥεύσαντα ἐπὶ Φάρον καὶ τὴν ταύτῃ θάλασσαν κατέρχεσθαι.
The main difficulty is the long chain of participles and prepositional phrases modifying τὸν Νεῖλον, with the final infinitive κατέρχεσθαι as the reported-content complement of λέγουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | Pk-pmn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 18 λέγουσιν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun introducing the subject group. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 18 λέγουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | Ne-p---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὅσοι | nmod | medium | Partitive/genitive dependent of ὅσοι. |
| 4 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 Ἑλλήνων | cc | high | Coordination between genitives. |
| 5 | Αἰγυπτίων | Αἰγύπτιος | ADJ | A-p---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Ἑλλήνων | conj | high | Coordinated genitive modifier. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Αἰθιοπίαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 7 | Αἰθιοπίαν | Αἰθιοπία | PROPN | Ne-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀναβεβήκασι | obl | high | Goal complement of ἀναβεβήκασι. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Αἰθιοπίαν | det | high | Article with Αἰθιοπίαν. |
| 9 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Συήνης | case | high | Preposition. |
| 10 | Συήνης | Συήνη | PROPN | Ne-s---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Αἰθιοπίαν | nmod | medium | Genitive phrase with ὑπέρ, modifying Αἰθιοπίαν. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐς | cc | high | Links two prepositional phrases. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Μερόην | case | high | Preposition. |
| 13 | Μερόην | Μέροη | PROPN | Ne-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀναβεβήκασι | obl | high | Second goal complement of ἀναβεβήκασι. |
| 14 | Αἰθιόπων | Αἰθίοψ | NOUN | N-p---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πόλιν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of πόλιν. |
| 15 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Μερόην | appos | high | Apposition to Μερόην. |
| 16 | ἀναβεβήκασι | ἀναβαίνω | VERB | Vx-3p--raa | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 18 λέγουσιν | csubj | high | Perfect indicative used in a relative clause functioning as subject of λέγουσιν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 18 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-3p--ia- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 19 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-pmn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 18 λέγουσιν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject of λέγουσιν. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Νεῖλον | det | high | Article with Νεῖλον. |
| 21 | Νεῖλον | Νεῖλος | PROPN | Ne-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 λέγουσιν | obj | high | Direct object of λέγουσιν. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 23 | ἐσιόντα | εἴσειμι | VERB | V-ppam--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 Νεῖλον | acl | high | Participial modifier of Νεῖλον. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 λίμνην | case | high | Preposition. |
| 25 | λίμνην | λίμνη | NOUN | N-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἐσιόντα | obl | high | Goal of ἐσιόντα. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 29 διεξιόντα | cc | high | Joins participles. |
| 27 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 αὐτῆς | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 28 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | Pk-s---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 29 διεξιόντα | obl | high | Genitive object of διά. |
| 29 | διεξιόντα | διέξειμι | VERB | V-ppam--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 Νεῖλον | acl | high | Second participial modifier of Νεῖλον. |
| 30 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 29 διεξιόντα | advmod | high | Comparative adverb. |
| 31 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 32 χέρσου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 32 | χέρσου | χέρσος | NOUN | N-s---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 διεξιόντα | obl | high | Source/comparison phrase with ἐκ. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 34 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 35 τοῦτο | case | high | Preposition. |
| 35 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 44 ῥεύσαντα | obl | high | Temporal/sequence phrase. |
| 36 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 44 ῥεύσαντα | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 37 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 38 Αἰθιοπίας | case | high | Preposition. |
| 38 | Αἰθιοπίας | Αἰθιοπία | PROPN | Ne-s---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 ῥεύσαντα | obl | high | Genitive with διά. |
| 39 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-s---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 κάτω | det | high | Article with κάτω. |
| 40 | κάτω | κάτω | ADJ | A-s---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 Αἰθιοπίας | amod | high | Attributive adjective used substantivally with χώρα implied. |
| 41 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 42 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinates obliques. |
| 42 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 43 Αἴγυπτον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 43 | Αἴγυπτον | Αἴγυπτος | PROPN | Ne-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 ῥεύσαντα | obl | high | Goal phrase with ἐς. |
| 44 | ῥεύσαντα | ῥέω | VERB | V-ppam--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 51 κατέρχεσθαι | advcl | high | Aorist participle modifying the infinitive's understood subject/object chain. |
| 45 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 46 Φάρον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 46 | Φάρον | Φάρος | PROPN | Ne-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 ῥεύσαντα | obl | high | Goal phrase with ἐπί. |
| 47 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 48 τὴν | cc | high | Coordinates with θάλασσαν. |
| 48 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 50 θάλασσαν | det | high | Article with θάλασσαν. |
| 49 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-s---d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 50 θάλασσαν | amod | high | Dative demonstrative modifying θάλασσαν. |
| 50 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 ῥεύσαντα | obl | high | Coordinate goal phrase with ἐπί. |
| 51 | κατέρχεσθαι | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V--pnm--- | VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 18 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive governed by λέγουσιν. |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐν δὲ τῇ γῇ ποταμὸν τῇ Ἑβραίων Ἰάρδανον καὶ αὐτὸς οἶδα λίμνην Τιβεριάδα ὀνομαζομένην διοδεύοντα, ἐς δὲ λίμνην ἑτέραν καλουμένην θάλασσαν Νεκράν, ἐς ταύτην ἐσιόντα καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς λίμνης αὐτὸν ἀναλούμενον.
The syntax is heavily participial: οἶδα governs a series of accusative objects/participles describing the rivers and lakes; the final coordinated participles (ἐσιόντα ... ἀναλούμενον) are somewhat ambiguous in attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P- | _ | 4 γῇ | case | high | Preposition governing τῇ γῇ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 11 οἶδα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RD-DF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 γῇ | det | high | Article with γῇ. |
| 4 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 οἶδα | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 5 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 οἶδα | obj | high | First accusative object in the sequence. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RD-DF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Ἑβραίων | det | high | Article with Ἑβραίων. |
| 7 | Ἑβραίων | Ἑβραῖος | PROPN | A-PGFP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ἰάρδανον | nmod | medium | Ethnicon used substantivally; form is genitive plural. |
| 8 | Ἰάρδανον | Ἰάρδανος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ποταμὸν | appos | high | Apposition to ποταμὸν. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G- | _ | 11 οἶδα | cc | high | Connective. |
| 10 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | RS-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 οἶδα | nsubj | medium | Intensive pronoun agreeing with implied subject 'I'. |
| 11 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-1RAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | λίμνην | λίμνη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 οἶδα | obj | high | Object of οἶδα / participial chain. |
| 13 | Τιβεριάδα | Τιβεριάς | PROPN | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 λίμνην | appos | high | Apposition/name of the lake. |
| 14 | ὀνομαζομένην | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPM-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 λίμνην | acl | high | Participial modifier of λίμνην. |
| 15 | διοδεύοντα | διοδεύω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 Ἰάρδανον | acl | medium | Likely modifying Ἰάρδανον as a participial description. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 οἶδα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P- | _ | 19 λίμνην | case | high | Preposition governing λίμνην. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 11 οἶδα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | λίμνην | λίμνη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 οἶδα | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 20 | ἑτέραν | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 λίμνην | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 21 | καλουμένην | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 19 λίμνην | acl | high | Participial modifier of λίμνην. |
| 22 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 λίμνην | appos | high | Apposition naming the lake. |
| 23 | Νεκράν | νεκρός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 θάλασσαν | amod | high | Attributive adjective with θάλασσαν. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 οἶδα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P- | _ | 26 ταύτην | case | high | Preposition governing ταύτην. |
| 26 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | RD-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 11 οἶδα | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 27 | ἐσιόντα | εἰσίημι | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 οἶδα | xcomp | medium | Accusative participle; likely dependent on οἶδα with understood object/reference. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G- | _ | 33 ἀναλούμενον | cc | high | Connective joining participles. |
| 29 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P- | _ | 31 λίμνης | case | high | Preposition governing τῆς λίμνης. |
| 30 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RD-DF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 λίμνης | det | high | Article with λίμνης. |
| 31 | λίμνης | λίμνη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἀναλούμενον | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 32 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | RP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 33 ἀναλούμενον | obj | high | Object of ἀναλούμενον. |
| 33 | ἀναλούμενον | ἀναλίσκω | VERB | V-PPM-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 οἶδα | xcomp | medium | Accusative participle coordinated with ἐσιόντα; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 οἶδα | punct | high | Punctuation. |