Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.7.4

← 5.7.3 5.7.5 →

Passage 5.7.4

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

86Greek tokens

2,031input tokens

6,074output tokens

Sentence 1

5.7.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 52
Input: 1,116
Output: 3,496
Total: 4,612

ὅσοι δὲ Ἑλλήνων ἢ Αἰγυπτίων ἐς Αἰθιοπίαν τὴν ὑπὲρ Συήνης καὶ ἐς Μερόην Αἰθιόπων πόλιν ἀναβεβήκασι, λέγουσιν οὗτοι τὸν Νεῖλον, ἐσιόντα ἐς λίμνην καὶ διʼ αὐτῆς διεξιόντα ὥσπερ ἐκ χέρσου, μετὰ τοῦτο ἤδη διʼ Αἰθιοπίας τῆς κάτω καὶ ἐς Αἴγυπτον ῥεύσαντα ἐπὶ Φάρον καὶ τὴν ταύτῃ θάλασσαν κατέρχεσθαι.

Relative clause ὅσοι ... ἀναβεβήκασι is the subject of λέγουσιν; οὗτοι resumes it. The accusative Νεῖλον governs coordinated participles ἐσιόντα, διεξιόντα, ῥεύσαντα and the infinitive κατέρχεσθαι (accusative-and-infinitive complement of λέγουσιν).

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὅσοι	ὅσος	PRON	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	16 ἀναβεβήκασι	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 λέγουσιν	cc	high
3	Ἑλλήνων	Ἕλλην	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ὅσοι	nmod	high	Partitive genitive with ὅσοι.
4	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 Ἑλλήνων	cc	high
5	Αἰγυπτίων	Αἰγύπτιος	NOUN	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 Ἑλλήνων	conj	high	Second member of the partitive genitive.
6	ἐς	ἐς	ADP	PREP	_	7 Αἰθιοπίαν	case	high
7	Αἰθιοπίαν	Αἰθιοπία	PROPN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἀναβεβήκασι	obl	high
8	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 Αἰθιοπίαν	det	high
9	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	PREP	_	10 Συήνης	case	high
10	Συήνης	Συήνη	PROPN	N-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 Αἰθιοπίαν	nmod	high	ὑπὲρ with genitive: the region beyond Syene.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	16 ἀναβεβήκασι	cc	high
12	ἐς	ἐς	ADP	PREP	_	13 Μερόην	case	high
13	Μερόην	Μερόη	PROPN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἀναβεβήκασι	obl	high
14	Αἰθιόπων	Αἰθίοψ	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 πόλιν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on πόλιν.
15	πόλιν	πόλις	NOUN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 Μερόην	appos	high	Apposition to Μερόην.
16	ἀναβεβήκασι	ἀναβαίνω	VERB	V-RAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	18 λέγουσιν	acl:relcl	high
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	16 ἀναβεβήκασι	punct	high
18	λέγουσιν	λέγω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
19	οὗτοι	οὗτος	PRON	D-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	18 λέγουσιν	nsubj	high	Resumptive subject corresponding to the relative clause.
20	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 Νεῖλον	det	high
21	Νεῖλον	Νεῖλος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	51 κατέρχεσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	21 Νεῖλον	punct	high
23	ἐσιόντα	εἴσειμι	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	21 Νεῖλον	acl	high	Participial predicate modifying accusative Νεῖλον.
24	ἐς	ἐς	ADP	PREP	_	25 λίμνην	case	high
25	λίμνην	λίμνη	NOUN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 ἐσιόντα	obl	high
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	29 διεξιόντα	cc	high
27	διʼ	διά	ADP	PREP	_	28 αὐτῆς	case	high	Elided form διά.
28	αὐτῆς	αὐτός	PRON	P-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	29 διεξιόντα	obl	high	Refers to λίμνην.
29	διεξιόντα	διέξειμι	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	23 ἐσιόντα	conj	high	Coordinated with ἐσιόντα.
30	ὥσπερ	ὥσπερ	SCONJ	CONJ	_	29 διεξιόντα	mark	medium	Introduces a comparative adjunct.
31	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	32 χέρσου	case	high
32	χέρσου	χέρσος	NOUN	N-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 διεξιόντα	obl	high
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	29 διεξιόντα	punct	high
34	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	PREP	_	35 τοῦτο	case	high	Temporal μετά with accusative.
35	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	D-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	44 ῥεύσαντα	obl	high	Temporal accusative phrase μετὰ τοῦτο.
36	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	ADV	_	44 ῥεύσαντα	advmod	high
37	διʼ	διά	ADP	PREP	_	38 Αἰθιοπίας	case	high	Elided form διά.
38	Αἰθιοπίας	Αἰθιοπία	PROPN	N-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	44 ῥεύσαντα	obl	high
39	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	38 Αἰθιοπίας	det	high
40	κάτω	κάτω	ADV	ADV	_	38 Αἰθιοπίας	advmod	high	Adverbial modifier specifying lower Ethiopia.
41	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	44 ῥεύσαντα	cc	high
42	ἐς	ἐς	ADP	PREP	_	43 Αἴγυπτον	case	high
43	Αἴγυπτον	Αἴγυπτος	PROPN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	44 ῥεύσαντα	obl	high
44	ῥεύσαντα	ῥέω	VERB	V-AAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	23 ἐσιόντα	conj	high	Coordinated participle modifying Νεῖλον; scope includes subsequent ἐπί phrase.
45	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	46 Φάρον	case	high	With accusative, destination.
46	Φάρον	Φάρος	PROPN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	44 ῥεύσαντα	obl	high
47	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	50 θάλασσαν	cc	high
48	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	50 θάλασσαν	det	high
49	ταύτῃ	οὗτος	PRON	D-DFS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	50 θάλασσαν	amod	medium	Dative adverbial modifier: the sea there.
50	θάλασσαν	θάλασσα	NOUN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	44 ῥεύσαντα	conj	high	Coordinated destination with Φάρον under ἐπί.
51	κατέρχεσθαι	κατέρχομαι	VERB	V-PMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	18 λέγουσιν	ccomp	high	Infinitive complement of λέγουσιν.
52	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	18 λέγουσιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

5.7.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 34
Input: 915
Output: 2,578
Total: 3,493

ἐν δὲ τῇ γῇ ποταμὸν τῇ Ἑβραίων Ἰάρδανον καὶ αὐτὸς οἶδα λίμνην Τιβεριάδα ὀνομαζομένην διοδεύοντα, ἐς δὲ λίμνην ἑτέραν καλουμένην θάλασσαν Νεκράν, ἐς ταύτην ἐσιόντα καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς λίμνης αὐτὸν ἀναλούμενον.

The sentence has an accusative subject/object participial construction governed by οἶδα: the river Jordan is understood as διοδεύοντα and ἐσιόντα, while αὐτὸν is the river’s pronoun in the final passive participial phrase. Token 6 τῇ is textually difficult and is treated as an anomalous/distracting dative article, not assigned a confident syntactic role.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	AdpositionType=Prep	4 γῇ	case	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 οἶδα	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 γῇ	det	high
4	γῇ	γῆ	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 οἶδα	obl	high	Locative dative with ἐν.
5	ποταμὸν	ποταμός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Ἰάρδανον	appos	medium	Appositional common noun naming/identifying Ἰάρδανον.
6	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 οἶδα	dep	low	Apparently anomalous or corrupt in this context; retained as an unresolved dependent.
7	Ἑβραίων	Ἑβραῖος	ADJ	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 ποταμὸν	nmod	medium	Ethnic genitive modifying ποταμόν, likely ‘of the Hebrews’.
8	Ἰάρδανον	Ἰορδάνης	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Geo\|Number=Sing	15 διοδεύοντα	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the participle διοδεύοντα.
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 αὐτὸς	cc	high
10	αὐτὸς	αὐτός	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	11 οἶδα	nsubj	high	Emphatic subject of οἶδα.
11	οἶδα	οἶδα	VERB	V-RAI-1S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Perfect in form with present meaning.
12	λίμνην	λίμνη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 διοδεύοντα	obj	medium	Accusative object associated with the participial description; syntactically difficult.
13	Τιβεριάδα	Τιβεριάς	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|NameType=Geo\|Number=Sing	12 λίμνην	appos	high	Apposition to λίμνην.
14	ὀνομαζομένην	ὀνομάζω	VERB	V-PPASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	12 λίμνην	acl	high	‘Called/named Tiberias’.
15	διοδεύοντα	διοδεύω	VERB	V-PPASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	11 οἶδα	ccomp	high	Accusative participial complement of οἶδα.
16	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	15 διοδεύοντα	punct	high
17	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	AdpositionType=Prep	19 λίμνην	case	high
18	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 ἐσιόντα	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
19	λίμνην	λίμνη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἐσιόντα	obl	high	Goal of ἐς.
20	ἑτέραν	ἕτερος	ADJ	A-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 λίμνην	amod	high
21	καλουμένην	καλέω	VERB	V-PPASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	19 λίμνην	acl	high	Modifies λίμνην.
22	θάλασσαν	θάλασσα	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 λίμνην	appos	medium	Appositional name/common designation for the lake.
23	Νεκράν	Νεκρά	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|NameType=Geo\|Number=Sing	22 θάλασσαν	appos	high	Proper name in apposition to θάλασσαν.
24	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	27 ἐσιόντα	punct	high
25	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	AdpositionType=Prep	26 ταύτην	case	high
26	ταύτην	οὗτος	PRON	D-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	27 ἐσιόντα	obl	high	Goal of ἐς, referring to the Dead Sea.
27	ἐσιόντα	εἴσειμι	VERB	V-PPASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	15 διοδεύοντα	conj	high	Coordinated with διοδεύοντα; subject is Ἰάρδανον.
28	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	33 ἀναλούμενον	cc	high
29	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	AdpositionType=Prep	31 λίμνης	case	high	Introduces the agent/source phrase.
30	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	31 λίμνης	det	high
31	λίμνης	λίμνη	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	33 ἀναλούμενον	obl	high	Genitive complement of ὑπό.
32	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	P-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	33 ἀναλούμενον	nsubj:pass	high	Accusative subject of the participle’s passive construction; refers to the Jordan.
33	ἀναλούμενον	ἀναλίσκω	VERB	V-PPASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	27 ἐσιόντα	conj	medium	Coordinated participle, ‘being swallowed up/consumed’; exact lexical nuance is context-dependent.
34	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	11 οἶδα	punct	high

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