Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.7.5

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Passage 5.7.5

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4sentences parsed

88Greek tokens

3,133input tokens

6,560output tokens

Sentence 1

5.7.5 sentence 1

Tokens: 30
Input: 843
Output: 2,124
Total: 2,967

ἡ δὲ θάλασσα ἡ Νεκρὰ πάσχει παντὶ ὕδατι ἄλλῳ τὰ ἐναντία· ἐν ᾗ γε τὰ μὲν ζῶντα πέφυκεν οὐ νηχόμενα ἐποχεῖσθαι, τὰ δὲ θνήσκοντα ἐς βυθὸν χωρεῖν.

The sentence contrasts the Dead Sea with other water and coordinates two infinitival complements under πέφυκεν: living things naturally float, while dying things go to the bottom.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἡ	ὁ	DET	S---NF-S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 θάλασσα	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	Polarity=Pos	6 πάσχει	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	θάλασσα	θάλασσα	NOUN	S---NF-S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 πάσχει	nsubj	high
4	ἡ	ὁ	DET	S---NF-S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 Νεκρὰ	det	high
5	Νεκρὰ	νεκρός	ADJ	A---NF-S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 θάλασσα	amod	high	Substantivized/name-like adjective modifying θάλασσα.
6	πάσχει	πάσχω	VERB	V-PIA-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
7	παντὶ	πᾶς	ADJ	A---ND-S-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 ὕδατι	amod	high
8	ὕδατι	ὕδωρ	NOUN	S---ND-S-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 πάσχει	obl	high	Dative of comparison/reference.
9	ἄλλῳ	ἄλλος	ADJ	A---ND-S-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 ὕδατι	amod	high
10	τὰ	ὁ	DET	S---NA-P-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	11 ἐναντία	det	high
11	ἐναντία	ἐναντίος	ADJ	A---NA-P-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 πάσχει	obj	high	Substantivized adjective: the opposite things.
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	6 πάσχει	punct	high
13	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	14 ᾗ	case	high
14	ᾗ	ὅς	PRON	P---DF-S-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	19 πέφυκεν	obl	medium	Relative adverbial phrase, effectively in which.
15	γε	γε	PART	X--------	_	14 ᾗ	advmod	high
16	τὰ	ὁ	DET	S---NN-P-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	18 ζῶντα	det	high
17	μὲν	μέν	PART	X--------	_	18 ζῶντα	discourse	high	First member of μέν...δέ contrast.
18	ζῶντα	ζάω	VERB	V-PAP-NNP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	19 πέφυκεν	nsubj	high	Substantivized present participle.
19	πέφυκεν	φύω	VERB	V-RIA-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	29 χωρεῖν	conj	medium	Perfect of φύω, here ‘is naturally disposed/has the nature’; coordinates the two infinitival clauses.
20	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	21 νηχόμενα	advmod	high
21	νηχόμενα	νήχω	VERB	V-PMP-NNP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	22 ἐποχεῖσθαι	advcl	medium	Agreeing participle, ‘not swimming’; exact attachment within the infinitival phrase is somewhat interpretive.
22	ἐποχεῖσθαι	ἐποχέομαι	VERB	V-PNM---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	19 πέφυκεν	xcomp	high
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	22 ἐποχεῖσθαι	punct	high
24	τὰ	ὁ	DET	S---NN-P-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	26 θνήσκοντα	det	high
25	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	Polarity=Pos	29 χωρεῖν	cc	high	Second member of μέν...δέ contrast.
26	θνήσκοντα	θνῄσκω	VERB	V-PAP-NNP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	29 χωρεῖν	nsubj	high	Substantivized present participle.
27	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	28 βυθὸν	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
28	βυθὸν	βυθός	NOUN	S---MA-S-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 χωρεῖν	obl	high
29	χωρεῖν	χωρέω	VERB	V-PNA---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	19 πέφυκεν	xcomp	high
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 πάσχει	punct	high

Sentence 2

5.7.5 sentence 2

Tokens: 20
Input: 771
Output: 1,513
Total: 2,284

ταύτῃ ἄκαρπος καὶ ἰχθύων ἡ λίμνη· ἅτε ἀπὸ τοῦ φανερωτάτου κινδύνου ἐπὶ τὸ ὕδωρ ἀναφεύγουσιν ὀπίσω τὸ οἰκεῖον.

The first clause is a nominal sentence ('the lake is fruitless and fishless'); ἅτε introduces the explanatory clause, whose implicit subject is the fish and whose coordinated directional complements are ἐπὶ τὸ ὕδωρ and τὸ οἰκεῖον.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ταύτῃ	οὗτος	PRON	PD-Dat.Sg.Fem	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	2 ἄκαρπος	obl	high	Dative of respect or specification: 'in this respect'.
2	ἄκαρπος	ἄκαρπος	ADJ	A-Nom.Sg.Fem	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 λίμνη	amod	high	Predicative adjective agreeing with λίμνη; coordinated with ἰχθύων phrase.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 ἰχθύων	cc	high	Coordinates the adjective and genitive noun phrase.
4	ἰχθύων	ἰχθύς	NOUN	N-Gen.Pl.Masc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 λίμνη	nmod	high	Genitive of privation/content with ἄκαρπος, coordinated by καί.
5	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-Nom.Sg.Fem	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 λίμνη	det	high
6	λίμνη	λίμνη	NOUN	N-Nom.Sg.Fem	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	root	high	Nominal sentence with omitted copula.
7	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	6 λίμνη	punct	high
8	ἅτε	ἅτε	SCONJ	CONJ	_	16 ἀναφεύγουσιν	mark	medium	Introduces a causal/characterizing clause, 'inasmuch as'.
9	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	PREP	_	12 κινδύνου	case	high
10	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-Gen.Sg.Neut	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 φανερωτάτου	det	high
11	φανερωτάτου	φανερός	ADJ	A-Gen.Sg.Neut.Sup	Case=Gen\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 κινδύνου	amod	high	Superlative adjective agreeing with κινδύνου.
12	κινδύνου	κίνδυνος	NOUN	N-Gen.Sg.Masc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 ἀναφεύγουσιν	obl	high	Object of ἀπό.
13	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	15 ὕδωρ	case	high	With accusative, marks motion toward/on to the water.
14	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-Acc.Sg.Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 ὕδωρ	det	high
15	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-Acc.Sg.Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 ἀναφεύγουσιν	obl	high	Goal/directional complement of ἀναφεύγουσιν.
16	ἀναφεύγουσιν	ἀναφεύγω	VERB	V- Pres.Act.Ind.3Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite verb of the explanatory clause; subject is implicit, referring to the fish.
17	ὀπίσω	ὀπίσω	ADV	ADV	_	16 ἀναφεύγουσιν	advmod	high	Directional adverb, 'back'.
18	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-Acc.Sg.Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 οἰκεῖον	det	high
19	οἰκεῖον	οἰκεῖος	ADJ	A-Acc.Sg.Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 ἀναφεύγουσιν	obj	medium	Substantivized adjective, 'what is its own/native place'; syntactically the destination or object of fleeing back.
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	16 ἀναφεύγουσιν	punct	high

Sentence 3

5.7.5 sentence 3

Tokens: 12
Input: 683
Output: 907
Total: 1,590

τῷ δὲ Ἀλφειῷ τὸ αὐτὸ πάσχει καὶ ὕδωρ ἄλλο ἐν Ἰωνίᾳ·

The coordination after καί is elliptical: ὕδωρ ἄλλο ἐν Ἰωνίᾳ is understood as another water that πάσχει τὸ αὐτό.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τῷ	ὁ	DET	S--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 πάσχει	iobj	high	Dative experiencer/possessor-like complement of πάσχει.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 πάσχει	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	Ἀλφειῷ	Ἀλφειός	PROPN	N--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 τῷ	appos	high	Proper-name apposition to the dative article phrase.
4	τὸ	ὁ	DET	S--ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 αὐτὸ	det	high	Article modifying αὐτό.
5	αὐτὸ	αὐτός	PRON	P--ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	6 πάσχει	obj	high	Accusative object: the same thing.
6	πάσχει	πάσχω	VERB	V-PIA-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite predicate.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 ὕδωρ	cc	medium	Coordinates the following subject phrase, with elliptical repetition of πάσχει.
8	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N--NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 πάσχει	conj	medium	Nominal phrase coordinated with the implicit subject; predicate πάσχει is understood.
9	ἄλλο	ἄλλος	ADJ	A--NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 ὕδωρ	amod	high	Adjective modifying ὕδωρ.
10	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	_	11 Ἰωνίᾳ	case	high	Preposition governing the dative place-name.
11	Ἰωνίᾳ	Ἰωνία	PROPN	N--DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ὕδωρ	nmod	high	Locative adjunct specifying the water's location.
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	6 πάσχει	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 4

5.7.5 sentence 4

Tokens: 26
Input: 836
Output: 2,016
Total: 2,852

τούτου δὲ τοῦ ὕδατος πηγὴ μέν ἐστιν ἐν Μυκάλῃ τῷ ὄρει, διεξελθὸν δὲ θάλασσαν τὴν μεταξὺ ἄνεισιν αὖθις κατὰ Βραγχίδας πρὸς λιμένι ὀνομαζομένῳ Πανόρμῳ.

The sentence has an initial nominal predicate (πηγὴ ἐστίν) with τούτου τοῦ ὕδατος as its genitive dependent, followed by a coordinated participial clause whose subject is the understood πηγή. The final phrase πρὸς λιμένι is textually/semantically unusual; λιμένι is treated as a dative of location or goal, with ὀνομαζομένῳ agreeing with it and Πανόρμῳ in apposition.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τούτου	οὗτος	PRON	PD-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	5 πηγὴ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of πηγὴ, with τοῦ ὕδατος.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 ἐστιν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 ὕδατος	det	high
4	ὕδατος	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 τούτου	nmod	high	Genitive phrase coordinated in dependency with τούτου.
5	πηγὴ	πηγή	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἐστιν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστιν.
6	μέν	μέν	PART	PART	_	7 ἐστιν	discourse	high	Correlative particle; no overt δέ counterpart beyond the connective.
7	ἐστιν	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular root.
8	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	9 Μυκάλῃ	case	high
9	Μυκάλῃ	Μυκάλη	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ὄρει	nmod	high	Place name, dependent on ὄρει through the prepositional phrase.
10	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 ὄρει	det	high
11	ὄρει	ὄρος	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 πηγὴ	obl	high	Locative dative within ἐν Μυκάλῃ τῷ ὄρει.
12	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	7 ἐστιν	punct	high
13	διεξελθὸν	διεξέρχομαι	VERB	V-AAP-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	18 ἄνεισιν	advcl	medium	Aorist active participle, neuter singular accusative, agreeing with an understood neuter object/subject referent; syntax is compressed.
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 ἄνεισιν	cc	high	Connective coordinating the participial progression.
15	θάλασσαν	θάλασσα	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 διεξελθὸν	obj	high	Object of διεξελθόν.
16	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 θάλασσαν	det	high
17	μεταξὺ	μεταξύ	ADV	ADV	_	15 θάλασσαν	advmod	medium	Adverb modifying θάλασσαν: the intervening sea.
18	ἄνεισιν	ἄνειμι	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	7 ἐστιν	conj	high	Finite verb coordinated with ἐστιν; subject is understood πηγή.
19	αὖθις	αὖθις	ADV	ADV	_	18 ἄνεισιν	advmod	high	Again/back up.
20	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	21 Βραγχίδας	case	high	With Βραγχίδας, likely indicating the route or vicinity.
21	Βραγχίδας	Βραγχίδαι	PROPN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ἄνεισιν	obl	high	Plural place name governed by κατά.
22	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	PREP	_	23 λιμένι	case	medium	Preposition with the dative in the transmitted wording, an unusual construction.
23	λιμένι	λιμήν	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἄνεισιν	obl	medium	Likely locative/goal dative after πρὸς; some textual or syntactic irregularity is possible.
24	ὀνομαζομένῳ	ὀνομάζω	VERB	V-PPP-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	23 λιμένι	acl	high	Passive attributive participle agreeing with λιμένι.
25	Πανόρμῳ	Πάνορμος	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 λιμένι	appos	high	Name in apposition to λιμένι.
26	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	18 ἄνεισιν	punct	high

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