Grammar parses for passage 6.14.8
Open translation for this passage
ἀποθανεῖν δὲ ὑπὸ θηρίων φασὶν αὐτόν·
Infinitival complement ἀποθανεῖν is the content of φασίν; ὑπὸ θηρίων modifies the infinitive as an agentive/causal phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Complement infinitive dependent on φασίν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 φασὶν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 4 θηρίων | case | high | Introduces agentive/comitative phrase with genitive. |
| 4 | θηρίων | θηρίον | NOUN | N-PG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἀποθανεῖν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπό. |
| 5 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, reported speech. |
| 6 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 φασὶν | obj | high | Direct object of φασίν. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 φασὶν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐπιτυχεῖν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ Κροτωνιάτιδι αὐαινομένῳ ξύλῳ, σφῆνες δὲ ἐγκείμενοι διίστασαν τὸ ξύλον·
The sentence is paratactic: an initial infinitival clause with ἐπιτυχεῖν, followed by a second clause introduced by σφῆνες δέ; the participial modifiers are straightforward except for αὐαινομένῳ, which is textually/lexically uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιτυχεῖν | ἐπιτυγχάνω | VERB | V-ANP | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main infinitival clause as reported speech/complement. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἐπιτυχεῖν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-PAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 ἐπιτυχεῖν | obj | medium | Likely object of ἐπιτυχεῖν; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 8 ξύλῳ | case | high | Preposition governing the locative phrase. |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Κροτωνιάτιδι | det | high | Article modifying Κροτωνιάτιδι. |
| 6 | Κροτωνιάτιδι | Κροτωνιάτις | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ξύλῳ | nmod | medium | Likely adjectival/ethnic form used substantively with the article. |
| 7 | αὐαινομένῳ | αὐαίνω | VERB | V-PPM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 ξύλῳ | amod | medium | Participle agreeing with ξύλῳ; form and lemma are somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | ξύλῳ | ξύλον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπιτυχεῖν | obl | high | Locative object of ἐν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπιτυχεῖν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | σφῆνες | σφήν | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 διίστασαν | nsubj | high | Subject of διίστασαν. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 13 διίστασαν | discourse | high | Mild adversative/continuative particle. |
| 12 | ἐγκείμενοι | ἐνκεῖμαι | VERB | V-PPM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 σφῆνες | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying σφῆνες. |
| 13 | διίστασαν | διΐστημι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb of the second clause. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ξύλον | det | high | Article modifying ξύλον. |
| 15 | ξύλον | ξύλον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 διίστασαν | obj | high | Direct object of διίστασαν. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 διίστασαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὁ δὲ ὑπὸ φρονήματος ὁ Μίλων καθίησι τὰς χεῖρας ἐς τὸ ξύλον, ὀλισθάνουσί τε δὴ οἱ σφῆνες καὶ ἐχόμενος ὁ Μίλων ὑπὸ τοῦ ξύλου λύκοις ἐγίνετο εὕρημα.
The sentence has two main predications, with participial/loosely connected clauses in the second half; attachment of ὑπό-phrases and the dative λύκοις is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Μίλων | det | high | Article modifying Μίλων. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PCL | _ | 7 καθίησι | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 φρονήματος | case | high | Preposition governing φρονήματος. |
| 4 | φρονήματος | φρόνημα | NOUN | N-SN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 καθίησι | obl | medium | Likely causal or modal adjunct with ὑπό. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Μίλων | det | high | Article modifying Μίλων. |
| 6 | Μίλων | Μίλων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 καθίησι | nsubj | high | Subject of καθίησι. |
| 7 | καθίησι | καθίημι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 8 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | S-FAF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 χεῖρας | det | high | Article modifying χεῖρας. |
| 9 | χεῖρας | χείρ | NOUN | N-FA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 καθίησι | obj | high | Direct object of καθίησι. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ξύλον | case | high | Preposition governing ξύλον. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S-NSN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ξύλον | det | high | Article modifying ξύλον. |
| 12 | ξύλον | ξύλον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 καθίησι | obl | high | Goal/location complement with ἐς. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 καθίησι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ὀλισθάνουσί | ὀλισθάνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 ἐγίνετο | advcl | medium | Participial-like sequencing is difficult; treated as a finite/independent clause with loose subordination to ἐγίνετο. |
| 15 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 14 ὀλισθάνουσί | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 16 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 14 ὀλισθάνουσί | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 σφῆνες | det | high | Article modifying σφῆνες. |
| 18 | σφῆνες | σφήν | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ὀλισθάνουσί | nsubj | high | Subject of ὀλισθάνουσί. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἐγίνετο | cc | high | Coordinates with preceding predication. |
| 20 | ἐχόμενος | ἔχω | VERB | V-PPM-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 27 ἐγίνετο | advcl | medium | Likely circumstantial participle modifying Μίλων. |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 Μίλων | det | high | Article modifying Μίλων. |
| 22 | Μίλων | Μίλων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐχόμενος | nsubj | high | Subject of participle ἐχόμενος. |
| 23 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 ξύλου | case | high | Preposition governing ξύλου. |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S-GSN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 ξύλου | det | high | Article modifying ξύλου. |
| 25 | ξύλου | ξύλον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐχόμενος | obl | high | Oblique phrase with ὑπό. |
| 26 | λύκοις | λύκος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 εὕρημα | obl | medium | Dative argument/complement with εὕρημα; syntax somewhat loose. |
| 27 | ἐγίνετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 7 καθίησι | conj | high | Coordinated main predication with καὶ. |
| 28 | εὕρημα | εὕρημα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἐγίνετο | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement of γίγνομαι. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 καθίησι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
μάλιστα δέ πως τὸ θηρίον τοῦτο ἐν τῇ Κροτωνιάτιδι πολύ τε νέμεται καὶ ἄφθονον.
The structure is a main clause with coordinated predicate-like elements after νέμεται; πολύ τε ... καὶ ἄφθονον is somewhat idiomatic and partly uncertain in analysis.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 νέμεται | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the verb. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 12 νέμεται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πως | πως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 νέμεται | advmod | high | Modal adverb, likely 'somehow/in a way'. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA--NS--- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 θηρίον | det | high | Article with θηρίον. |
| 5 | θηρίον | θηρίον | NOUN | N--NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 νέμεται | nsubj | high | Subject of the verb. |
| 6 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | DET | RD-NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 θηρίον | det | high | Demonstrative modifying θηρίον. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Κροτωνιάτιδι | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 8 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA--DS--- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Κροτωνιάτιδι | det | high | Article with Κροτωνιάτιδι. |
| 9 | Κροτωνιάτιδι | Κροτωνιάτις | PROPN | N--DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 νέμεται | obl | high | Place name in dative after ἐν. |
| 10 | πολύ | πολύς | ADJ | A--NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 νέμεται | xcomp | medium | Likely predicative adjective with adverbial force; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 πολύ | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle, paired with καὶ. |
| 12 | νέμεται | νέμω | VERB | V-3spie--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἄφθονον | cc | high | Coordinates with τε. |
| 14 | ἄφθονον | ἄφθονος | ADJ | A--NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 νέμεται | conj | medium | Coordinated predicative adjective; nominative neuter singular expected. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 νέμεται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |