Grammar parses for passage 6.14.8
Open translation for this passage
ἀποθανεῖν δὲ ὑπὸ θηρίων φασὶν αὐτόν·
Infinitival clause with accusative subject αὐτόν, dependent on the elided or preceding reporting context; φασίν governs the infinitive, while ὑπό + genitive marks the agent/cause of death.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V- -AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 φασὶν | ccomp | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 φασὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 θηρίων | case | high | |
| 4 | θηρίων | θηρίον | NOUN | N-GN-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἀποθανεῖν | obl:agent | high | |
| 5 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V- -PMA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 ἀποθανεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 φασὶν | punct | high |
ἐπιτυχεῖν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ Κροτωνιάτιδι αὐαινομένῳ ξύλῳ, σφῆνες δὲ ἐγκείμενοι διίστασαν τὸ ξύλον·
The opening ἐπιτυχεῖν clause is an infinitival complement/content clause linked to the finite διίστασαν; αὐτὸν is its accusative subject, while the second clause gives the mechanical explanation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιτυχεῖν | ἐπιτυγχάνω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 διίστασαν | csubj | medium | Articular infinitival clause understood as the subject/content of διίστασαν; γάρ supplies the larger discourse link. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | 粒 | _ | 1 ἐπιτυχεῖν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-3ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 ἐπιτυχεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 8 ξύλῳ | case | high | |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Κροτωνιάτιδι | det | high | |
| 6 | Κροτωνιάτιδι | Κροτωνιάτις | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ξύλῳ | obl | medium | Feminine place-name, likely understood as a wooden object/structure at Croton; exact lexical referent is context-dependent. |
| 7 | αὐαινομένῳ | αὐαίνω | VERB | V-PMPDSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 ξύλῳ | acl | medium | Present passive participle agreeing with ξύλῳ; form is textually unusual, with αὐαινομένῳ likely ‘being dried/withered’. |
| 8 | ξύλῳ | ξύλον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπιτυχεῖν | obl | high | Dative with ἐν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 διίστασαν | punct | high | |
| 10 | σφῆνες | σφήν | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 διίστασαν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 διίστασαν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἐγκείμενοι | ἔγκειμαι | VERB | V-PMPNPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 σφῆνες | acl | high | Participial modifier of σφῆνες: wedges inserted/lying within. |
| 13 | διίστασαν | διΐστημι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main predicate: the wedges forced the wood apart. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ξύλον | det | high | |
| 15 | ξύλον | ξύλον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 διίστασαν | obj | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 διίστασαν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ ὑπὸ φρονήματος ὁ Μίλων καθίησι τὰς χεῖρας ἐς τὸ ξύλον, ὀλισθάνουσί τε δὴ οἱ σφῆνες καὶ ἐχόμενος ὁ Μίλων ὑπὸ τοῦ ξύλου λύκοις ἐγίνετο εὕρημα.
The sentence contains two coordinated finite clauses: καθίησι and ἐγίνετο, with ὀλισθάνουσί as an intervening coordinated/paratactic event; εὕρημα is predicative with ἐγίνετο, and ἐχόμενος is a participial predicate referring to Μίλων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | δαρθμσ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Μίλων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 7 καθίησι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 4 φρονήματος | case | high | |
| 4 | φρονήματος | φρόνημα | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 καθίησι | obl | high | Cause/source with ὑπό. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | δαρνμσ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Μίλων | det | high | Article repeated with the proper name. |
| 6 | Μίλων | Μίλων | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 καθίησι | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | καθίησι | καθίημι | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | δαρααf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 χεῖρας | det | high | |
| 9 | χεῖρας | χείρ | NOUN | n-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 καθίησι | obj | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 12 ξύλον | case | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | δαρααn | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ξύλον | det | high | |
| 12 | ξύλον | ξύλον | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 καθίησι | obl | high | Goal/destination with εἰς. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 καθίησι | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὀλισθάνουσί | ὀλισθάνω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 ἐγίνετο | parataxis | medium | Coordinated/paratactic clause; subject is οἱ σφῆνες. |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 ὀλισθάνουσί | cc | high | |
| 16 | δὴ | δή | PART | d-------- | _ | 14 ὀλισθάνουσί | discourse | high | |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | δαρνμp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 σφῆνες | det | high | |
| 18 | σφῆνες | σφήν | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ὀλισθάνουσί | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 27 ἐγίνετο | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause with the preceding clause. |
| 20 | ἐχόμενος | ἔχω | VERB | v-sppmns- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 27 ἐγίνετο | advcl | medium | Passive/middle participle, predicative with Μίλων; construed temporally or causally. |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | δαρνμσ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Μίλων | det | high | |
| 22 | Μίλων | Μίλων | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἐγίνετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγίνετο. |
| 23 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 25 ξύλου | case | high | |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | δαρννg | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ξύλου | det | high | |
| 25 | ξύλου | ξύλον | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐχόμενος | obl | high | Agent/source of the participial passive construction. |
| 26 | λύκοις | λύκος | NOUN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐγίνετο | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/advantage: a find for wolves. |
| 27 | ἐγίνετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | v3siim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second coordinated finite clause; sentence has two coordinated/paratactic predicates. |
| 28 | εὕρημα | εὕρημα | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἐγίνετο | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with γίγνομαι; neuter form is likely a predicate noun despite masculine subject. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἐγίνετο | punct | high |
μάλιστα δέ πως τὸ θηρίον τοῦτο ἐν τῇ Κροτωνιάτιδι πολύ τε νέμεται καὶ ἄφθονον.
The predicate νέμεται is coordinated with a compressed predicative phrase involving ἄφθονον; πολύ is best treated adverbially ('much/ widely').
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV | Degree=Sup | 12 νέμεται | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 νέμεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πως | πως | ADV | ADV | PronType=Ind | 12 νέμεται | advmod | medium | Indefinite/adverbial particle, loosely modifying the predicate. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 θηρίον | det | high | |
| 5 | θηρίον | θηρίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 νέμεται | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | DET | D-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 θηρίον | det | high | Demonstrative agreeing with θηρίον. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Κροτωνιάτιδι | case | high | |
| 8 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Κροτωνιάτιδι | det | high | |
| 9 | Κροτωνιάτιδι | Κροτωνιάτις | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 νέμεται | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐν. |
| 10 | πολύ | πολύς | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 12 νέμεται | advmod | high | Adverbial neuter accusative form modifying νέμεται. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 νέμεται | cc | high | Correlative connective with καί. |
| 12 | νέμεται | νέμω | VERB | V-PIE-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice: 'feeds/grazes' or 'ranges'. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἄφθονον | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate/adjectival complement. |
| 14 | ἄφθονον | ἄφθονος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 νέμεται | conj | medium | Predicative adjective coordinated with νέμεται; nominal ellipsis or adjectival predication is syntactically compressed. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 νέμεται | punct | high |