Grammar parses for passage 6.2.2
Open translation for this passage
Ξενάρκει μὲν δὴ καὶ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ ἐν Ἄργει τε ὑπῆρξε καὶ ἐν Κορίνθῳ προσανελέσθαι νίκας·
Ξενάρκει is a proper name in the dative, governing ὑπῆρξε; ὑπῆρξε coordinates two infinitival complements, with προσανελέσθαι νίκας as the second. The construction and the exact syntactic attachment of καὶ/τε are somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ξενάρκει | Ξενάρκης | PROPN | Neut.Dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ὑπῆρξε | iobj | medium | Proper name, dative; person to whom the achievements belong. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 11 ὑπῆρξε | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Part | _ | 11 ὑπῆρξε | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 11 ὑπῆρξε | cc | medium | Coordinating particle linking the listed venues/achievements. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 6 Δελφοῖς | case | high | |
| 6 | Δελφοῖς | Δελφοί | PROPN | Dat.Masc.Plur | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ὑπῆρξε | obl | high | Dative plural place name governed by ἐν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 11 ὑπῆρξε | cc | medium | Coordinates the first ἐν-phrase with the following location. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 9 Ἄργει | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἄργει | Ἄργος | PROPN | Dat.Neut.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὑπῆρξε | obl | high | Dative singular place name governed by ἐν. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 11 ὑπῆρξε | cc | medium | Correlative/coordinating particle, continuing the venue list. |
| 11 | ὑπῆρξε | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist indicative; takes infinitival complements. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CCONJ | _ | 15 προσανελέσθαι | cc | medium | Coordinates the second infinitival complement with the first, whose verb is elided/reconstructed. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 14 Κορίνθῳ | case | high | |
| 14 | Κορίνθῳ | Κόρινθος | PROPN | Dat.Fem.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 προσανελέσθαι | obl | high | Dative singular place name governed by ἐν. |
| 15 | προσανελέσθαι | προσαναιρέω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ὑπῆρξε | xcomp | high | Aorist active infinitive, coordinated with an ellipted infinitive after ὑπῆρξε. |
| 16 | νίκας | νίκη | NOUN | N-AF-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 προσανελέσθαι | obj | high | |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ὑπῆρξε | punct | high |
Λυκῖνος δὲ ἀγαγὼν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν πώλους, καὶ οὐ δοκιμασθέντος ἑνὸς ἐξ αὐτῶν, καθῆκεν ἐς τῶν ἵππων τὸν δρόμον τῶν τελείων τοὺς πώλους καὶ ἐνίκα διʼ αὐτῶν, ἀνέθηκε δὲ καὶ ἀνδριάντας δύο ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν, Μύρωνος τοῦ Ἀθηναίου ποιήματα.
Λυκῖνος is the subject of the coordinated finite verbs καθῆκεν, ἐνίκα, and ἀνέθηκε; the genitive absolute δοκιμασθέντος ἑνὸς ἐξ αὐτῶν is concessive/temporal. The final apposition identifies the statues as works of Myron the Athenian; τῶν τελείων modifies ἵππων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λυκῖνος | Λυκῖνος | PROPN | Neusm;Nn;Nom;Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 καθῆκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 15 καθῆκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀγαγὼν | ἄγω | VERB | Vraam-sna | Aspect=Aor|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 καθῆκεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle with understood subject Λυκῖνος. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 5 Ὀλυμπίαν | case | high | |
| 5 | Ὀλυμπίαν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | Ne----;Acc;Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀγαγὼν | obl | high | |
| 6 | πώλους | πῶλος | NOUN | Nb----;Acc;Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀγαγὼν | obj | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀγαγὼν | punct | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 10 δοκιμασθέντος | cc | high | |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 10 δοκιμασθέντος | advmod | high | |
| 10 | δοκιμασθέντος | δοκιμάζω | VERB | Vrapg-sgm | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 καθῆκεν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; form may be parsed as aorist passive in some schemes, but the written -θέντος is morphologically aorist passive. |
| 11 | ἑνὸς | εἷς | NUM | M------;Gen;Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 10 δοκιμασθέντος | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 13 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 13 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3-pg-- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 ἑνὸς | nmod | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 δοκιμασθέντος | punct | high | |
| 15 | καθῆκεν | καθίημι | VERB | Vpaa3s-- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Contextual sense is releasing/entering the colts into the race; lexical parsing of καθῆκεν is somewhat uncertain. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 20 δρόμον | case | high | |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L----pg-- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 18 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | Nb----;Gen;Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 δρόμον | nmod | high | |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L----ma-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 δρόμον | det | high | |
| 20 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | Nb----;Acc;Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 καθῆκεν | obl | high | Object of εἰς. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L----pg-- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 τελείων | det | high | |
| 22 | τελείων | τέλειος | ADJ | Afp--pg-- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 18 ἵππων | amod | high | Substantivized/adjectival modifier: the full-grown horses. |
| 23 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L----ma-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 πώλους | det | high | |
| 24 | πώλους | πῶλος | NOUN | Nb----;Acc;Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 καθῆκεν | obj | high | Second accusative associated with καθῆκεν, understood as putting/releasing the colts into the race. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 26 ἐνίκα | cc | high | |
| 26 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | Viaa3s-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 καθῆκεν | conj | high | |
| 27 | διʼ | διά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 28 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 28 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3-pg-- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 26 ἐνίκα | obl | high | Through/by means of them, referring to the colts. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐνίκα | punct | high | |
| 30 | ἀνέθηκε | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | Vpaa3s-- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 καθῆκεν | conj | high | |
| 31 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 30 ἀνέθηκε | cc | high | |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 33 ἀνδριάντας | cc | high | |
| 33 | ἀνδριάντας | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | Nb----;Acc;Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ἀνέθηκε | obj | high | |
| 34 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=Acc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 33 ἀνδριάντας | nummod | high | |
| 35 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 36 Ὀλυμπίαν | case | high | |
| 36 | Ὀλυμπίαν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | Ne----;Acc;Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἀνέθηκε | obl | high | |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἀνέθηκε | punct | high | |
| 38 | Μύρωνος | Μύρων | PROPN | Ne-sm;Gen;Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 ποιήματα | nmod | high | |
| 39 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L----mg-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 Ἀθηναίου | det | high | |
| 40 | Ἀθηναίου | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | Ams--mg-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 Μύρωνος | amod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, in apposition to Μύρωνος. |
| 41 | ποιήματα | ποίημα | NOUN | Nb----;Acc;Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 33 ἀνδριάντας | appos | medium | Apposition to ἀνδριάντας; Μύρωνος τοῦ Ἀθηναίου is a dependent genitive of authorship. |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἀνέθηκε | punct | high |
τῷ δὲ Ἀρκεσιλάῳ καὶ Λίχᾳ τῷ παιδί, τῷ μὲν αὐτῶν γεγόνασι δύο Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι, Λίχας δὲ εἰργομένων τηνικαῦτα τοῦ ἀγῶνος Λακεδαιμονίων καθῆκεν ἐπὶ ὀνόματι τοῦ Θηβαίων δήμου τὸ ἅρμα, τὸν δὲ ἡνίοχον νικήσαντα ἀνέδησεν αὐτὸς ταινίᾳ·
Coordination and attachment are somewhat compressed: τῷ ... Ἀρκεσιλάῳ καὶ Λίχᾳ τῷ παιδί introduces the two associated persons; γεγόνασι has νῖκαι as subject and αὐτῶν as possessive genitive. Λίχας is the subject of καθῆκεν, while εἰργομένων ... Λακεδαιμονίων is a genitive absolute. The final participial phrase τὸν ... ἡνίοχον νικήσαντα is the object-plus-participle construction of ἀνέδησεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἀρκεσιλάῳ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 καθῆκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀρκεσιλάῳ | Ἀρκεσίλαος | PROPN | NE-D-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 καθῆκεν | obl | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Λίχᾳ | cc | high | |
| 5 | Λίχᾳ | Λίχας | PROPN | NE-D-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀρκεσιλάῳ | conj | high | |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 παιδί | det | high | |
| 7 | παιδί | παῖς | NOUN | N-D-SN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 Λίχᾳ | appos | high | Appositional identification of Lichas as the child. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 καθῆκεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 μὲν | det | high | Correlative article in the μέν phrase. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 24 καθῆκεν | discourse | high | |
| 11 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 12 γεγόνασι | nmod:poss | medium | Possessive genitive, likely referring to the two persons named above. |
| 12 | γεγόνασι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 15 νῖκαι | cop | medium | Perfect of γίγνομαι used predicatively: two Olympic victories have accrued/occurred to them. |
| 13 | δύο | δύο | NUM | A-NUI | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 15 νῖκαι | nummod | high | |
| 14 | Ὀλυμπικαὶ | Ὀλυμπικός | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 νῖκαι | amod | high | |
| 15 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 καθῆκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 καθῆκεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | Λίχας | Λίχας | PROPN | NE-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 καθῆκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 καθῆκεν | cc | high | |
| 19 | εἰργομένων | εἴργω | VERB | V-PPM-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 24 καθῆκεν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; form may be construed with τοῦ ἀγῶνος as the genitive element, with Λακεδαιμονίων as dependent genitive. |
| 20 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 εἰργομένων | advmod | high | |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 ἀγῶνος | det | high | |
| 22 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 εἰργομένων | obl | medium | Genitive dependent within the genitive absolute, ‘the contest being barred/excluded’. |
| 23 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | NE-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀγῶνος | nmod | medium | Genitive of the Lacedaemonians, likely specifying whose exclusion or the contest’s participants. |
| 24 | καθῆκεν | καθίημι | VERB | V-IAA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate, ‘sent down/released’ the chariot. |
| 25 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 ὀνόματι | case | high | |
| 26 | ὀνόματι | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 καθῆκεν | obl | high | ἐπὶ with dative: in the name of. |
| 27 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 28 Θηβαίων | det | high | |
| 28 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | NE-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 δήμου | nmod | high | |
| 29 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ὀνόματι | nmod | high | ‘the people/demos of the Thebans’. |
| 30 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 ἅρμα | det | high | |
| 31 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 καθῆκεν | obj | high | |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 καθῆκεν | punct | high | |
| 33 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 ἡνίοχον | det | high | |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 37 ἀνέδησεν | cc | high | |
| 35 | ἡνίοχον | ἡνίοχος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀνέδησεν | obj | high | Object of ἀνέδησεν, with νικήσαντα as its participial modifier. |
| 36 | νικήσαντα | νικάω | VERB | V-APA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 ἡνίοχον | acl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with ἡνίοχον. |
| 37 | ἀνέδησεν | ἀναδέω | VERB | V-IAA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 24 καθῆκεν | conj | high | Coordinated main predicate: he crowned/bound him with a fillet. |
| 38 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 37 ἀνέδησεν | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject, ‘he himself’. |
| 39 | ταινίᾳ | ταινία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 ἀνέδησεν | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 40 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 καθῆκεν | punct | high |
καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ μαστιγοῦσιν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἑλλανοδίκαι, καὶ διὰ τὸν Λίχαν τοῦτον ἡ κατὰ
The sentence is truncated after κατὰ; token 15 is an adverbial/prepositional κατά introducing continuation. In the first clause, ἐπὶ τούτῳ is causal/occasion adjunct and αὐτόν is the object of μαστιγοῦσιν; the second καί coordinates the incomplete continuation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 μαστιγοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 3 τούτῳ | case | high | With dative τούτῳ; idiomatic causal/occasion sense. |
| 3 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | PD--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 μαστιγοῦσιν | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 4 | μαστιγοῦσιν | μαστιγόω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 μαστιγοῦσιν | obj | high | Personal pronoun, accusative object. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Ἑλλανοδίκαι | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἑλλανοδίκαι | Ἑλλανοδίκης | NOUN | N--NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 μαστιγοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Official title; nominative plural. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 μαστιγοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 μαστιγοῦσιν | cc | medium | Coordinates the following, truncated clause with the first clause. |
| 10 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Λίχαν | case | high | With accusative phrase τὸν Λίχαν τοῦτον; causal sense. |
| 11 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Λίχαν | det | high | |
| 12 | Λίχαν | Λίχας | PROPN | Ne----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 κατὰ | obl | medium | Accusative governed by διά; dependent of the incomplete κατά phrase/clause. |
| 13 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | PD--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 Λίχαν | det | high | Appositional demonstrative modifying Λίχαν. |
| 14 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T--NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 κατὰ | det | low | Begins a noun phrase whose head is absent from the supplied truncated sentence. |
| 15 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 0 ROOT | dep | low | Sentence fragment ends here; κατά may begin a continuation and its syntactic attachment cannot be securely determined. |