Grammar parses for passage 6.20.10
Open translation for this passage
ὑπερβάλλοντι δὲ ἐκ τοῦ σταδίου, καθότι οἱ Ἑλλανοδίκαι καθέζονται, κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ χωρίον ἐς τῶν ἵππων ἀνειμένον τοὺς δρόμους καὶ ἡ ἄφεσίς ἐστι τῶν ἵππων.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: the first participial phrase sets the temporal/circumstantial frame, and the second half seems to define the location and the 'release/start' of the horses, with ἀνειμένον modifying χωρίον or loosely governing the following accusative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπερβάλλοντι | ὑπερβάλλω | VERB | VPP-S---DM- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 καθέζονται | advcl | high | Participle in dative absolute-like temporal/circumstantial relation. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 καθέζονται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 σταδίου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SG---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 5 σταδίου | det | high | Article. |
| 5 | σταδίου | στάδιον | NOUN | N-SG---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 1 ὑπερβάλλοντι | obl | high | Object of ἐκ. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καθέζονται | punct | high | Comma. |
| 7 | καθότι | καθότι | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 καθέζονται | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Ἑλλανοδίκαι | det | high | Article. |
| 9 | Ἑλλανοδίκαι | Ἑλλανοδίκης | NOUN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 καθέζονται | nsubj | high | Subject of καθέζονται. |
| 10 | καθέζονται | καθέζομαι | VERB | V--P3P---I- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καθέζονται | punct | high | Comma. |
| 12 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 χωρίον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 13 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | DET | RD-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 15 χωρίον | det | high | Demonstrative determiner. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 χωρίον | det | high | Article. |
| 15 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-SG---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἐστι | obl | medium | Accusative with κατὰ; likely locative/setting expression. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 ἵππων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 ἵππων | det | high | Article. |
| 18 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἀνειμένον | obl | medium | Genitive complement after ἐς; depends on participle semantically. |
| 19 | ἀνειμένον | ἀνίημι | VERB | VPP-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 χωρίον | amod | low | Likely agreeing with χωρίον: 'set apart/open'. |
| 20 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 δρόμους | det | high | Article. |
| 21 | δρόμους | δρόμος | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐστι | obj | medium | Object/complement with ἀνειμένον. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἐστι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 23 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 ἄφεσίς | det | high | Article. |
| 24 | ἄφεσίς | ἄφεσις | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι. |
| 25 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V--P3S---I- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 καθέζονται | conj | high | Copular clause coordinated to the προηγούμενο clause. |
| 26 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 ἵππων | det | high | Article. |
| 27 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἄφεσίς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄφεσις. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καθέζονται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
παρέχεται μὲν οὖν σχῆμα ἡ ἄφεσις κατὰ πρῷραν νεώς, τέτραπται δὲ αὐτῆς τὸ ἔμβολον ἐς τὸν δρόμον·
Two coordinated clauses with μὲν...δὲ; the first is slightly elliptical/predicative around σχῆμα, while the second is a passive perfect construction with a prepositional oblique.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V-PPPI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 1 παρέχεται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 1 παρέχεται | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | σχῆμα | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχεται | xcomp | medium | Likely predicative complement with παρέχεται; syntax somewhat interpretive. |
| 5 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἄφεσις | det | high | Article modifying ἄφεσις. |
| 6 | ἄφεσις | ἄφεσις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχεται | nsubj | high | Subject of παρέχεται. |
| 7 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 8 πρῷραν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 8 | πρῷραν | πρῷρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχεται | obl | high | Prepositional complement of παρέχεται. |
| 9 | νεώς | ναῦς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πρῷραν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of πρῷραν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 παρέχεται | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 11 | τέτραπται | τρέπω | VERB | V-RPMI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 τέτραπται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 13 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-3GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 ἔμβολον | nmod | high | Possessive genitive modifying ἔμβολον. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἔμβολον | det | high | Article modifying ἔμβολον. |
| 15 | ἔμβολον | ἔμβολον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 τέτραπται | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive perfect verb. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 18 δρόμον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 17 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 δρόμον | det | high | Article modifying δρόμον. |
| 18 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 τέτραπται | obl | high | Prepositional complement of τέτραπται. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 τέτραπται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καθότι δὲ τῇ Ἀγνάπτου στοᾷ προσεχής ἐστιν ἡ πρῷρα, κατὰ τοῦτο εὐρεῖα γίνεται, δελφὶς δὲ ἐπὶ κανόνος κατὰ ἄκρον μάλιστα τὸ ἔμβολον πεποίηται χαλκοῦς.
The syntax is relatively straightforward, but the predicative relations around εὐρεῖα γίνεται and the final χαλκοῦς are somewhat interpretively uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καθότι | καθότι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 γίνεται | mark | high | Causal conjunction introducing the first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | PCL | _ | 14 γίνεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 στοᾷ | det | high | Article modifying στοᾷ. |
| 4 | Ἀγνάπτου | Ἄγναπτος | PROPN | N-DFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 στοᾷ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of στοᾷ. |
| 5 | στοᾷ | στοά | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 προσεχής | obl | high | Dative complement in the prepositional phrase. |
| 6 | προσεχής | προσεχής | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πρῷρα | amod | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with πρῷρα. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 πρῷρα | cop | high | Copula with πρῷρα as predicate head. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 πρῷρα | det | high | Article modifying πρῷρα. |
| 9 | πρῷρα | πρῷρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 γίνεται | nsubj | high | Subject of γίνεται. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 γίνεται | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 12 τοῦτο | case | high | Preposition governing τοῦτο. |
| 12 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 14 γίνεται | obl | high | Accusative of respect/distribution with γίνεται. |
| 13 | εὐρεῖα | εὐρύς | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 γίνεται | xcomp | medium | Likely predicative adjective with γίνεται. |
| 14 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 γίνεται | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 16 | δελφὶς | δελφίς | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 πεποίηται | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of πεποίηται. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | PCL | _ | 25 πεποίηται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 18 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 19 κανόνος | case | high | Preposition governing κανόνος. |
| 19 | κανόνος | κανών | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 πεποίηται | obl | high | Genitive complement in prepositional phrase. |
| 20 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 21 ἄκρον | case | high | Preposition governing ἄκρον. |
| 21 | ἄκρον | ἄκρον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 πεποίηται | obl | high | Prepositional phrase complement. |
| 22 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | _ | 25 πεποίηται | advmod | high | Degree adverb modifying πεποίηται. |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 ἔμβολον | det | high | Article modifying ἔμβολον. |
| 24 | ἔμβολον | ἔμβολον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 πεποίηται | obj | medium | Probably the nominal complement of the perfect passive; function somewhat uncertain. |
| 25 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-PRM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 26 | χαλκοῦς | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 πεποίηται | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective; agreement with implied/understood subject is uncertain in context. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 πεποίηται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |