Grammar parses for passage 6.4.6
Open translation for this passage
Χίλωνι δὲ Ἀχαιῷ Πατρεῖ δύο μὲν Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι πάλης ἀνδρῶν, μία δὲ ἐγένετο ἐν Δελφοῖς, τέσσαρες δὲ ἐν Ἰσθμῷ καὶ Νεμείων τρεῖς·
The syntax is a list of achievements with ellipsis and several parallel nominative numerals functioning as subjects of ἐγένετο; Νεμείων is morphologically problematic for the expected locative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Χίλωνι | Χίλων | PROPN | NE | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 νῖκαι | nsubj | high | Dative of reference/possessor with νῖκαι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀχαιῷ | Ἀχαϊκός | ADJ | A- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Χίλωνι | amod | medium | Ethnic adjective modifying Χίλωνι. |
| 4 | Πατρεῖ | Πατρεύς | NOUN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Χίλωνι | appos | high | Apposition to Χίλωνι. |
| 5 | δύο | δύο | NUM | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 νῖκαι | nummod | high | With νῖκαι. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 δύο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 7 | Ὀλυμπικαὶ | Ὀλυμπικός | ADJ | A- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 νῖκαι | amod | high | Modifies νῖκαι. |
| 8 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο with numeral modifier. |
| 9 | πάλης | πάλη | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 νῖκαι | nmod | high | Genitive of kind/competition. |
| 10 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πάλης | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πάλης. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 νῖκαι | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 12 | μία | εἷς | NUM | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 14 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 16 Δελφοῖς | case | high | Preposition governing Δελφοῖς. |
| 16 | Δελφοῖς | Δελφοί | PROPN | NE | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Oblique locative complement. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 18 | τέσσαρες | τέσσαρες | NUM | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο in ellipsis/parallel structure. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 20 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 21 Ἰσθμῷ | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰσθμῷ. |
| 21 | Ἰσθμῷ | Ἰσθμός | PROPN | NE | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Locative oblique complement. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 Ἰσθμῷ | cc | high | Coordinates Ἰσθμῷ with Νεμείων. |
| 23 | Νεμείων | Νεμέα | PROPN | NE | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 Ἰσθμῷ | conj | medium | Likely coordinated place-name; case is Gen as transmitted, though expected dative. |
| 24 | τρεῖς | τρεῖς | NUM | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο in parallel with preceding numerals. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
μαρτυρεῖ δέ μοι καὶ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ·
Straightforward clause with subject plus locative modifier; καὶ coordinates the subject phrase with the preceding discourse context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαρτυρεῖ | μαρτυρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | Particle | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1s--d- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | iobj | high | Dative of indirect object/interest. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐπίγραμμα | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking subject with implied/previous material. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | Article modifying ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 6 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | nsubj | high | Subject of μαρτυρεῖ. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | det | high | Article modifying Ὀλυμπίᾳ within the prepositional phrase. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 9 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 9 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | A-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπίγραμμα | nmod | high | Locative prepositional modifier of ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
μουνοπάλης νικῶ δὶς Ὀλύμπια Πύθιά τʼ ἄνδρας, τρὶς Νεμέᾳ, τετράκις δʼ Ἰσθμῷ ἐν ἀγχιάλῳ, Χίλων Χίλωνος Πατρεύς, ὃν λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν ἐν πολέμῳ φθίμενον θάψʼ ἀρετῆς ἕνεκεν.
The first clause is a compressed list of victories with repeated adverbial numerals; the final clause is a relative clause modifying Χίλων/Χίλωνος Πατρεύς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μουνοπάλης | μουνοπάλης | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 νικῶ | nsubj | medium | Likely adjective used substantively as 'monomachos/single fighter'; form uncertain. |
| 2 | νικῶ | νικάω | VERB | V1SPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 3 | δὶς | δίς | ADV | D--------- | _ | 2 νικῶ | advmod | high | Adverb of number/frequency. |
| 4 | Ὀλύμπια | Ὀλύμπια | ADJ | A---NA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἄνδρας | amod | medium | Neuter plural used substantively for Olympic games. |
| 5 | Πύθιά | Πύθια | ADJ | A---NA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 Ὀλύμπια | conj | medium | Likely coordinated with Ὀλύμπια. |
| 6 | τʼ | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 Πύθιά | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 7 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 νικῶ | obj | high | Object of νικῶ. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 νικῶ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | τρὶς | τρίς | ADV | D--------- | _ | 2 νικῶ | advmod | high | Adverb of number/frequency. |
| 10 | Νεμέᾳ | Νεμέα | PROPN | N-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 νικῶ | obl | medium | Place/dative of venue. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 νικῶ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | τετράκις | τετράκις | ADV | D--------- | _ | 2 νικῶ | advmod | high | Adverb of number/frequency. |
| 13 | δʼ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 τετράκις | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 14 | Ἰσθμῷ | Ἰσθμός | PROPN | N-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 νικῶ | obl | high | Place/dative of venue. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 ἀγχιάλῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 16 | ἀγχιάλῳ | ἀγχίαλος | ADJ | A--DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 νικῶ | obl | medium | Likely attributive to Ἰσθμῷ ('by/at the seaside Isthmus'). |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 νικῶ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | Χίλων | Χίλων | PROPN | N-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 θάψʼ | nsubj | high | Subject of θάψʼ. |
| 19 | Χίλωνος | Χίλων | PROPN | N-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Χίλων | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive. |
| 20 | Πατρεύς | Πατρεύς | PROPN | N-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Χίλων | appos | high | Apposition / demonym. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 Χίλων | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 θάψʼ | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of θάψʼ. |
| 23 | λαὸς | λαός | NOUN | N-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 θάψʼ | nsubj | high | Subject of θάψʼ. |
| 24 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 λαὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of λαός. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 πολέμῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 26 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 θάψʼ | obl | high | Dative adjunct with ἐν. |
| 27 | φθίμενον | φθίμα | VERB | V-PPP-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 22 ὃν | acl:relcl | low | Form is ambiguous; likely participle modifying ὃν in relative clause. |
| 28 | θάψʼ | θάπτω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the relative clause; elided final vowel. |
| 29 | ἀρετῆς | ἀρετή | NOUN | N-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἕνεκεν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἕνεκεν. |
| 30 | ἕνεκεν | ἕνεκα | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 θάψʼ | obl | high | Postpositive preposition taking genitive. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 θάψʼ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὸ μὲν δὴ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο ἐδήλωσεν·
τὸ μὲν δὴ is a particle cluster; ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο is best taken as a prepositional phrase modifying the verbal idea, though the exact internal relation of τοσοῦτο is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | Article modifying ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 4 ἐπίγραμμα | discourse | high | Enclitic postpositive particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | d-------- | _ | 7 ἐδήλωσεν | advmod | high | Emphatic particle modifying the verb. |
| 4 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐδήλωσεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐδήλωσεν. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | s-------- | _ | 7 ἐδήλωσεν | obl | medium | Preposition governing τοσοῦτο. |
| 6 | τοσοῦτο | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπὶ | obj | medium | Likely substantivized or pronominal adjective with ἐπί; exact attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 7 | ἐδήλωσεν | δηλόω | VERB | v-aor-act-3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐδήλωσεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |