Grammar parses for passage 6.4.6
Open translation for this passage
Χίλωνι δὲ Ἀχαιῷ Πατρεῖ δύο μὲν Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι πάλης ἀνδρῶν, μία δὲ ἐγένετο ἐν Δελφοῖς, τέσσαρες δὲ ἐν Ἰσθμῷ καὶ Νεμείων τρεῖς·
Elliptical enumerative clause: Χίλωνι ... ἐγένετο means victories accrued to Chilon; the later numerals coordinate further elliptical predicates. Ἀχαιῷ Πατρεῖ are appositional/dative descriptors of Χίλωνι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Χίλωνι | Χίλων | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐγένετο | iobj | high | Recipient/possessor dative with ἐγένετο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Contrastive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀχαιῷ | Ἀχαιός | ADJ | A--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Χίλωνι | amod | high | Ethnic adjective agreeing with Χίλωνι. |
| 4 | Πατρεῖ | Πατρεύς | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Χίλωνι | appos | medium | Patrean gentilic/name, appositional to Χίλωνι. |
| 5 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=Nom|Number=Plur | 8 νῖκαι | nummod | high | Numeral modifying νῖκαι. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 νῖκαι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 7 | Ὀλυμπικαὶ | Ὀλυμπικός | ADJ | A--NPF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 νῖκαι | amod | high | Modifies νῖκαι. |
| 8 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N--NPF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of the elliptical/semantically distributive ἐγένετο. |
| 9 | πάλης | πάλη | NOUN | N--GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 νῖκαι | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the event/category of the victories. |
| 10 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πάλης | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πάλης, ‘of men’. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 12 | μία | εἷς | NUM | A--NSF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐγένετο | nsubj | medium | Elliptical continuation: μία [νίκη]. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Correlative connective. |
| 14 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMI--3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; singular agrees with implied μία νίκη, with preceding plural subject in an elliptical enumeration. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Δελφοῖς | case | high | Preposition governing Δελφοῖς. |
| 16 | Δελφοῖς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N--DPM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Place of the victory. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 18 | τέσσαρες | τέσσαρες | NUM | A--NPF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγένετο | nsubj | medium | Elliptical τέσσαρες [νῖκαι]. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Correlative connective. |
| 20 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 Ἰσθμῷ | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰσθμῷ. |
| 21 | Ἰσθμῷ | Ἰσθμός | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 τέσσαρες | obl | high | Place of the four victories. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 Νεμείων | cc | high | Coordinates Νεμείων with Ἰσθμῷ in the venue phrase. |
| 23 | Νεμείων | Νέμεια | PROPN | N--GPN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 Ἰσθμῷ | conj | medium | Genitive plural in the conventional expression Ἰσθμῷ καὶ Νεμείων; syntactic coordination is somewhat elliptical. |
| 24 | τρεῖς | τρεῖς | NUM | A--NPF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγένετο | nsubj | medium | Elliptical τρεῖς [νῖκαι], coordinated by discourse sequence. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
ἐτάφη δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, καί οἱ καὶ τοῦ βίου συνέπεσεν ἐν πολέμῳ τὴν τελευτὴν γενέσθαι.
Two coordinated predicates: ἐτάφη has a passive agent phrase; συνέπεσεν governs an infinitival subject/result construction, with οἱ as a dative experiencer/possessor and τὴν τελευτὴν as the accusative subject of γενέσθαι. The phrase τοῦ βίου is genitive of separation/reference with συνέπεσεν; this attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐτάφη | θάπτω | VERB | V-3-S--PI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 1 ἐτάφη | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 κοινοῦ | case | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 κοινοῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | κοινοῦ | κοινός | NOUN | A-SGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐτάφη | obl:agent | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the common body/community'. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-PGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 κοινοῦ | nmod | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐτάφη | punct | high | |
| 9 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 14 συνέπεσεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate with ἐτάφη. |
| 10 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 14 συνέπεσεν | iobj | medium | Enclitic/possessive dative, 'for him/to him'; form is homographic with article. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | PART | D-------- | _ | 14 συνέπεσεν | advmod | high | Adds emphasis ('also/even'). |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 βίου | det | high | |
| 13 | βίου | βίος | NOUN | N-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 συνέπεσεν | obl | medium | Likely genitive of separation/reference with συνέπεσεν. |
| 14 | συνέπεσεν | συμπίπτω | VERB | V-3-S--AI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ἐτάφη | conj | high | |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 πολέμῳ | case | high | |
| 16 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 συνέπεσεν | obl | high | Dative of circumstance/place, 'in war'. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 τελευτὴν | det | high | |
| 18 | τελευτὴν | τελευτή | NOUN | N-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 19 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--NAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 14 συνέπεσεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement/construction after συνέπεσεν. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 συνέπεσεν | punct | high |
μαρτυρεῖ δέ μοι καὶ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ·
The finite verb μαρτυρεῖ is the root; τὸ ἐπίγραμμα is its nominative subject, with the second τὸ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ as a restrictive/appositional phrase identifying the inscription. μοι is a dative of reference; καί coordinates/adds the evidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαρτυρεῖ | μαρτυρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | cc | high | |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1D-S | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | iobj | high | Dative of reference/interest. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | cc | high | |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T------NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N------NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T------NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπίγραμμα | appos | high | Article introducing an identifying/restrictive phrase. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 9 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | |
| 9 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N--DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπίγραμμα | obl | high | Place name; governed by ἐν. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | punct | high |
μουνοπάλης νικῶ δὶς Ὀλύμπια Πύθιά τʼ ἄνδρας, τρὶς Νεμέᾳ, τετράκις δʼ Ἰσθμῷ ἐν ἀγχιάλῳ, Χίλων Χίλωνος Πατρεύς, ὃν λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν ἐν πολέμῳ φθίμενον θάψʼ ἀρετῆς ἕνεκεν.
The opening inscription-like sequence is syntactically elliptical: μουνοπάλης is a title/subject, νικῶ is first-person present, and the following numeral-plus-place-name groups are coordinated object/venue expressions. Χίλων Χίλωνος Πατρεύς is an appositional identification; ὃν is the object of θάψʼ, with φθίμενον agreeing with it, and Ἀχαιῶν is a possessive genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μουνοπάλης | μουνοπάλης | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 νικῶ | nsubj | medium | Likely title/substantive ‘single-combat fighter’; exact syntactic relation is elliptical. |
| 2 | νικῶ | νικάω | VERB | V-PAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 3 | δὶς | δίς | ADV | ADV | _ | 2 νικῶ | advmod | high | |
| 4 | Ὀλύμπια | Ὀλύμπια | PROPN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 2 νικῶ | obj | medium | Festival name, coordinated with Πύθιά; accusative is retained in the elliptical victory enumeration. |
| 5 | Πύθιά | Πύθια | PROPN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 2 νικῶ | obj | medium | Coordinated festival name; punctuation-free coordination is supplied by τʼ. |
| 6 | τʼ | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Πύθιά | cc | high | Elided τε. |
| 7 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 νικῶ | obj | medium | Accusative plural, probably elliptical object/persons defeated or a continuation of the inscriptional formula. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 νικῶ | punct | high | |
| 9 | τρὶς | τρίς | ADV | ADV | _ | 2 νικῶ | advmod | high | |
| 10 | Νεμέᾳ | Νεμέα | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 νικῶ | obl | high | Dative of venue/at the Nemean games. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 νικῶ | punct | high | |
| 12 | τετράκις | τετράκις | ADV | ADV | _ | 2 νικῶ | advmod | high | |
| 13 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 Ἰσθμῷ | cc | high | Elided δέ. |
| 14 | Ἰσθμῷ | Ἰσθμός | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 νικῶ | obl | high | Dative of venue/at the Isthmian games. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 ἀγχιάλῳ | case | high | |
| 16 | ἀγχιάλῳ | ἀγχίαλος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἰσθμῷ | amod | high | ‘Near the sea’; modifies Ἰσθμῷ. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 νικῶ | punct | high | |
| 18 | Χίλων | Χίλων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Πατρεύς | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to Πατρεύς. |
| 19 | Χίλωνος | Χίλων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Χίλων | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive. |
| 20 | Πατρεύς | Πατρεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 νικῶ | parataxis | medium | Nominal identification/epigrammatic continuation, coordinated in discourse with the preceding victory record. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 Πατρεύς | punct | high | |
| 22 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 θάψʼ | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of θάψʼ. |
| 23 | λαὸς | λαός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 θάψʼ | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 λαὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on λαός: the Achaeans’ people/army. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 πολέμῳ | case | high | |
| 26 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 θάψʼ | obl | high | Prepositional locative/circumstantial phrase ‘in war’. |
| 27 | φθίμενον | φθίω | VERB | V-PMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 22 ὃν | acl | medium | Participial modifier of ὃν; φθίμενον can be lexically treated as ‘dead/slain’ and its exact voice is uncertain. |
| 28 | θάψʼ | θάπτω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 Πατρεύς | acl:relcl | high | Elided final vowel; governs ὃν and λαός. |
| 29 | ἀρετῆς | ἀρετή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 θάψʼ | obl | high | Causal genitive with ἕνεκεν. |
| 30 | ἕνεκεν | ἕνεκα | ADP | PREP | _ | 29 ἀρετῆς | case | high | Postposition governing the genitive. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 θάψʼ | punct | high |
τὸ μὲν δὴ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο ἐδήλωσεν·
The neuter article and noun form the subject; ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο is an accusative extent phrase meaning 'to that extent.'
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 7 ἐδήλωσεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; δὴ follows. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 7 ἐδήλωσεν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐδήλωσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 6 τοσοῦτο | case | high | Takes the accusative in the expression ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο. |
| 6 | τοσοῦτο | τοσοῦτος | PRON | A-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 ἐδήλωσεν | obl | high | Accusative extent phrase with ἐπί. |
| 7 | ἐδήλωσεν | δηλόω | VERB | V-3AAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐδήλωσεν | punct | high |