Grammar parses for passage 7.2.8
Open translation for this passage
Λέλεγες δὲ τοῦ Καρικοῦ μοῖρα καὶ Λυδῶν τὸ πολὺ οἱ νεμόμενοι τὴν χώραν ἦσαν·
The syntax is somewhat compressed: μοῖρα serves as a predicate/topic nominal with a quantified genitive phrase, while οἱ νεμόμενοι τὴν χώραν is the nominative subject of ἦσαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λέλεγες | λέγω | VERB | V-IAI-2S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 14 ἦσαν | discourse | medium | Likely imperfect 2nd singular; context is slightly unusual, but form fits historical narrative/address. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 14 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 μοῖρα | det | medium | Article agreeing with Καρικοῦ in genitive; exact attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | Καρικοῦ | Καρικός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μοῖρα | amod | high | Used substantively or adjectivally with article. |
| 5 | μοῖρα | μοῖρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Predicate/topic noun phrase modifying ἦσαν. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Λυδῶν | cc | high | Coordinates genitive nouns. |
| 7 | Λυδῶν | Λυδός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 μοῖρα | nmod | high | Genitive coordinated with Καρικοῦ. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 πολὺ | det | high | Article with πολὺ. |
| 9 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 μοῖρα | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative of extent/intensification, modifying the predicate noun phrase. |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 νεμόμενοι | det | high | Article substantive with participle. |
| 11 | νεμόμενοι | νέμω | VERB | V-PMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Substantival participle, subject of ἦσαν. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 χώραν | det | high | Article with χώραν. |
| 13 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 νεμόμενοι | obj | high | Object of νεμόμενοι. |
| 14 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular/existential verb. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἦσαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ᾤκουν δὲ καὶ περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν ἄλλοι τε ἱκεσίας ἕνεκα καὶ γυναῖκες τοῦ Ἀμαζόνων γένους.
The clause has a main verb with two coordinated subjects; ἕνεκα takes a preceding accusative noun phrase, and the final genitive phrase modifies γυναῖκες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ᾤκουν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ᾤκουν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ᾤκουν | cc | medium | Coordinates the following adverbial phrase with the prior context. |
| 4 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἱερὸν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article modifying ἱερὸν. |
| 6 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ᾤκουν | obl | high | Object of περὶ. |
| 7 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ᾤκουν | nsubj | high | First subject coordinated with γυναῖκες. |
| 8 | τε | τε | PART | g-------- | _ | 7 ἄλλοι | advmod | medium | Enclitic coordinative particle. |
| 9 | ἱκεσίας | ἱκεσία | NOUN | n-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἕνεκα | obj | medium | Likely accusative plural complement of ἕνεκα. |
| 10 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R-------- | _ | 1 ᾤκουν | advmod | medium | Postposition meaning 'for the sake of'; governs the preceding accusative. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 γυναῖκες | cc | high | Coordinates γυναῖκες with ἄλλοι. |
| 12 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | n-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἄλλοι | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 γένους | det | high | Article modifying γένους. |
| 14 | Ἀμαζόνων | Ἀμαζών | PROPN | n-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 γένους | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of γένους. |
| 15 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 γυναῖκες | nmod | high | Genitive complement of γυναῖκες. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ᾤκουν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ἄνδροκλος δὲ ὁ Κόδρου---οὗτος γὰρ δὴ ἀπεδέδεικτο Ἰώνων τῶν ἐς Ἔφεσον πλευσάντων βασιλεύς---Λέλεγας μὲν καὶ Λυδοὺς τὴν ἄνω πόλιν ἔχοντας ἐξέβαλεν ἐκ τῆς χώρας·
Parenthetical explanatory clause with οὗτος γὰρ δὴ and an ellipsis-like apposition; main clause has Ἄνδροκλος as subject and ἐξέβαλεν as finite verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄνδροκλος | Ἄνδροκλος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐξέβαλεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐξέβαλεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 29 ἐξέβαλεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Κόδρου | det | high | Article with Κόδρου. |
| 4 | Κόδρου | Κόδρος | PROPN | N-?---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἄνδροκλος | appos | high | Genitive apposition to Ἄνδροκλος, with article. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Ἄνδροκλος | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Ἄνδροκλος | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Ἄνδροκλος | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 8 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | P-P---NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 17 βασιλεύς | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπεδέδεικτο. |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 ἀπεδέδεικτο | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 10 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 11 ἀπεδέδεικτο | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 11 | ἀπεδέδεικτο | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-3SPLI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 17 βασιλεύς | acl:relcl | high | Finite verbal clause modifying βασιλεύς. |
| 12 | Ἰώνων | Ἴων | NOUN | N-P---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 βασιλεύς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of βασιλεύς. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-PG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 πλευσάντων | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Ἔφεσον | case | high | Preposition governing Ἔφεσον. |
| 15 | Ἔφεσον | Ἔφεσος | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πλευσάντων | obl | high | Object of preposition ἐς. |
| 16 | πλευσάντων | πλέω | VERB | V-PAPGMP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 βασιλεύς | amod | high | Genitive participle modifying Ἰώνων. |
| 17 | βασιλεύς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐξέβαλεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement in the reported/appositional clause; attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 βασιλεύς | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 βασιλεύς | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 βασιλεύς | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 21 | Λέλεγας | Λέλεγες | PROPN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐξέβαλεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐξέβαλεν. |
| 22 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 21 Λέλεγας | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 Λυδοὺς | cc | high | Connects the two objects. |
| 24 | Λυδοὺς | Λυδός | PROPN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 Λέλεγας | conj | high | Conjoined object with Λέλεγας. |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-SFA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 πόλιν | det | high | Article with πόλιν. |
| 26 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADJ | A-NS--- | Degree=Pos | 27 πόλιν | amod | high | Adnominal modifier of πόλιν. |
| 27 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἔχοντας | obj | high | Object of participle ἔχοντας. |
| 28 | ἔχοντας | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAPAMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 Λέλεγας | amod | medium | Participial modifier agreeing with Λέλεγας/Λυδοὺς; syntax slightly compressed. |
| 29 | ἐξέβαλεν | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | V-3SAAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 30 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 32 χώρας | case | high | Preposition governing χώρας. |
| 31 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-SFG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 32 χώρας | det | high | Article with χώρας. |
| 32 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐξέβαλεν | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἐξέβαλεν. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐξέβαλεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τοῖς δὲ περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν οἰκοῦσι δεῖμα ἦν οὐδέν, ἀλλὰ Ἴωσιν ὅρκους δόντες καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος παρʼ αὐτῶν λαβόντες ἐκτὸς ἦσαν πολέμου.
Dative plural subject-like phrase with περὶ + accusative modifier; ἀλλὰ introduces contrastive coordination with participial circumstantial clauses before the main clause ἐκτὸς ἦσαν πολέμου.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 οἰκοῦσι | det | high | Articular modifier of the participial phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 8 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | περὶ | περί | ADP | d-------- | _ | 6 οἰκοῦσι | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ ἱερόν. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article with ἱερόν. |
| 5 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 περὶ | obl | high | Object of περὶ. |
| 6 | οἰκοῦσι | οἰκέω | VERB | v-pap---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 τοῖς | amod | medium | Participle modifying τοῖς; parsed adjectivally. |
| 7 | δεῖμα | δεῖμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 8 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | v3sia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential root. |
| 9 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | a-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 7 δεῖμα | det | medium | Used adjectivally with δεῖμα, 'no fear'. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | g-------- | _ | 22 ἦσαν | cc | high | Adversative coordinator. |
| 12 | Ἴωσιν | Ἴων | PROPN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 δόντες | iobj | medium | Likely indirect object of δόντες. |
| 13 | ὅρκους | ὅρκος | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 δόντες | obj | high | Object of δόντες. |
| 14 | δόντες | δίδωμι | VERB | v-aap-pmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἦσαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἦσαν. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | g-------- | _ | 20 λαβόντες | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 16 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | d-------- | _ | 17 μέρος | case | high | Preposition with μέρος. |
| 17 | μέρος | μέρος | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 λαβόντες | obl | high | Adverbial prepositional phrase. |
| 18 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | d-------- | _ | 19 αὐτῶν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῶν. |
| 19 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 παρʼ | obl | medium | Object of παρʼ; source/agent-like complement. |
| 20 | λαβόντες | λαμβάνω | VERB | v-aap-pmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἦσαν | advcl | high | Second circumstantial participle. |
| 21 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADV | d-------- | _ | 22 ἦσαν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἦσαν. |
| 22 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | v3pia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause predicate; coordinated with the prior clause by ἀλλά. |
| 23 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | n-s---gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐκτὸς | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on ἐκτός, 'outside of war'. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἦσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἀφείλετο δὲ καὶ Σάμον Ἄνδροκλος Σαμίους, καὶ ἔσχον Ἐφέσιοι χρόνον τινὰ Σάμον καὶ τὰς προσεχεῖς νήσους·
Two coordinated clauses share a similar transitive structure; the first has an appositional/double-accusative feel, while the second clearly takes a coordinated pair of accusative objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφείλετο | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἀφείλετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 ἀφείλετο | cc | high | Connects the coordinated object/phrase. |
| 4 | Σάμον | Σάμος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφείλετο | obj | high | Accusative object with ἀφείλετο. |
| 5 | Ἄνδροκλος | Ἄνδροκλος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφείλετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφείλετο. |
| 6 | Σαμίους | Σάμιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀφείλετο | obj | medium | Likely appositional or descriptive accusative with Σάμον; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀφείλετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἔσχον | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction for the second clause. |
| 9 | ἔσχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 10 | Ἐφέσιοι | Ἐφέσιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἔσχον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔσχον. |
| 11 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔσχον | obj | high | Direct object / extent of time. |
| 12 | τινὰ | τις | DET | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 11 χρόνον | det | high | Indefinite modifier of χρόνον. |
| 13 | Σάμον | Σάμος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἔσχον | obj | medium | Second accusative object with ἔσχον; likely retained/preserved as destination or possession. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 νήσους | cc | high | Conjoins the second object. |
| 15 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 νήσους | det | high | Article modifying νήσους. |
| 16 | προσεχεῖς | προσεχής | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 νήσους | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying νήσους. |
| 17 | νήσους | νῆσος | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἔσχον | obj | high | Coordinated object with Σάμον. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔσχον | punct | high | Punctuation. |