Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.25.5

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Passage 7.25.5

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3sentences parsed

67Greek tokens

2,379input tokens

5,149output tokens

Sentence 1

7.25.5 sentence 1

Tokens: 15
Input: 707
Output: 1,106
Total: 1,813

μετὰ δὲ Ἑλίκην ἀποτραπήσῃ τε ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἐς δεξιὰν καὶ ἥξεις ἐς πόλισμα Κερύνειαν·

Two coordinated second-person future verbs govern the route description; ἀποτραπήσῃ is future middle/passive-form, here interpreted as middle intransitive, with τε coordinating it to ἥξεις.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	3 Ἑλίκην	case	high	With accusative Ἑλίκην: ‘after/beyond Helice’.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 ἀποτραπήσῃ	cc	high	Postpositive coordinator.
3	Ἑλίκην	Ἑλίκη	PROPN	Neut-A	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἀποτραπήσῃ	obl	high	Accusative object of μετά.
4	ἀποτραπήσῃ	ἀποτρέπω	VERB	V-FMI-2S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=2\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	medium	Future middle, second singular; route-direction verb, with τε coordinating the next clause.
5	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 ἥξεις	cc	high	Correlative coordinator linking ἀποτραπήσῃ and ἥξεις.
6	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	7 θαλάσσης	case	high	Introduces source/separation complement.
7	θαλάσσης	θάλασσα	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἀποτραπήσῃ	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἀπό.
8	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	9 δεξιὰν	case	high	Introduces directional accusative.
9	δεξιὰν	δεξιός	ADJ	A-AS זהF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἀποτραπήσῃ	obl	medium	substantivized feminine accusative, probably ‘to the right’; the form may elliptically modify πλευράν or ὁδόν.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 ἥξεις	cc	high	Coordinates the second finite verb.
11	ἥξεις	ἥκω	VERB	V-FAI-2S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=2\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Act	4 ἀποτραπήσῃ	conj	high	Second coordinated future verb.
12	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	13 πόλισμα	case	high	Introduces destination.
13	πόλισμα	πόλισμα	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 ἥξεις	obl	high	Accusative destination complement of ἥξεις.
14	Κερύνειαν	Κερύνεια	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 πόλισμα	appos	high	Apposition identifying πόλισμα.
15	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἀποτραπήσῃ	punct	high

Sentence 2

7.25.5 sentence 2

Tokens: 33
Input: 906
Output: 2,527
Total: 3,433

ᾤκισται δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν λεωφόρον ἐν ὄρει, καί οἱ τὸ ὄνομα ἢ δυνάστης ἐπιχώριος ἢ ὁ Κερυνίτης ποταμὸς πεποίηκεν, ὃς ἐξ Ἀρκαδίας καὶ ὄρους Κερυνείας ῥέων Ἀχαιοὺς τοὺς ταύτῃ παρέξεισι.

The sentence has two coordinated clauses: ᾤκισται is the main root; πεποίηκεν coordinates under δέ and takes τὸ ὄνομα as object, with an alternative subject analysis (δυνάστης ... ἢ ὁ Κερυνίτης ποταμός). The relative clause modifies ποταμός; παρέξεισι is an uncertain/rare present form, here parsed as a finite verb with Ἀχαιούς as object and τοὺς ταύτῃ as its attributive object modifier.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ᾤκισται	οἰκίζω	VERB	X3S-Perf-MedPass-Ind	Aspect=Perfect\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high	Perfect passive, ‘has been founded/settled’; form is homographic with middle/passive.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ᾤκισται	cc	high	Postpositive coordinator.
3	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	PREP	_	5 λεωφόρον	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
4	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 λεωφόρον	det	high
5	λεωφόρον	λεωφόρος	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ᾤκισται	obl	high	Accusative object of ὑπέρ.
6	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	7 ὄρει	case	high	Preposition governing dative.
7	ὄρει	ὄρος	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ᾤκισται	obl	high	Locative-type dative with ἐν.
8	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	1 ᾤκισται	punct	high
9	καί	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	20 πεποίηκεν	cc	high	Coordinates the second finite clause.
10	οἱ	ὁ	PRON	RP-DM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 πεποίηκεν	iobj	medium	Dative of reference/possessor: ‘for it/him’; antecedent is context-dependent.
11	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 ὄνομα	det	high
12	ὄνομα	ὄνομα	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 πεποίηκεν	obj	high	Object of πεποίηκεν: ‘has made the name’.
13	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 δυνάστης	cc	high	First alternative coordinator.
14	δυνάστης	δυνάστης	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 πεποίηκεν	nsubj	medium	One of two alternative nominative subjects of πεποίηκεν.
15	ἐπιχώριος	ἐπιχώριος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 δυνάστης	amod	high	Agrees with δυνάστης.
16	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 Κερυνίτης	cc	high	Second alternative coordinator.
17	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 Κερυνίτης	det	high
18	Κερυνίτης	Κερυνίτης	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ποταμὸς	compound	medium	Proper name modifying ποταμός; adjective-like ethnic/toponymic form.
19	ποταμὸς	ποταμός	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 πεποίηκεν	nsubj	medium	Alternative coordinated subject with ὁ Κερυνίτης.
20	πεποίηκεν	ποιέω	VERB	V3S-Perf-Act-Ind	Aspect=Perfect\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	1 ᾤκισται	conj	high	Perfect active, coordinated with ᾤκισται; subject may be coordinated alternatives.
21	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	20 πεποίηκεν	punct	high
22	ὃς	ὅς	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 ῥέων	nsubj	high	Relative pronoun, subject of ῥέων.
23	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	24 Ἀρκαδίας	case	high	Preposition governing genitive.
24	Ἀρκαδίας	Ἀρκαδία	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 ῥέων	obl	high	Source with ἐκ.
25	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	26 ὄρους	cc	high	Coordinates the second genitive source complement.
26	ὄρους	ὄρος	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 ῥέων	obl	high	Second source complement, coordinated with Ἀρκαδίας.
27	Κερυνείας	Κερύνεia	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 ὄρους	nmod	medium	Place-name modifying ὄρους; lemma normalized as Κερύνεία.
28	ῥέων	ῥέω	VERB	V-PAP-NSM	Aspect=Imp\|Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	32 παρέξεισι	advcl	high	Present active participle, relative clause predicate; subject ὃς.
29	Ἀχαιοὺς	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	32 παρέξεισι	obj	high	Object of παρέξεισι.
30	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	29 Ἀχαιοὺς	det	high	Article with substantival/attributive force for ταύτῃ.
31	ταύτῃ	οὗτος	ADV	D-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	30 τοὺς	advmod	medium	Dative feminine form used adverbially, ‘in this region/that way’; with τοὺς, likely ‘the Achaeans here’.
32	παρέξεισι	παρέξειμι	VERB	V3S-Pres-Act-Ind	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	28 ῥέων	conj	low	Rare/uncertain form; parsed as finite present active, likely ‘passes by/goes along’ or ‘provides’. Exact lexical analysis is uncertain.
33	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	1 ᾤκισται	punct	high

Sentence 4

7.25.5 sentence 4

Tokens: 19
Input: 766
Output: 1,516
Total: 2,282

Μυκηναίοις μὲν γὰρ τὸ μὲν τεῖχος ἁλῶναι κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρὸν οὐκ ἐδύνατο ὑπὸ Ἀργείων, ἐτετείχιστο γὰρ κατὰ ταὐτὰ

The first clause has τὸ τεῖχος as subject of ἐδύνατο, with the articular infinitive ἁλῶναι as its complement; ὑπό introduces the agent. The second clause is a resumptive explanatory passive: ἐτετείχιστο governs κατὰ ταὐτά adverbially. The exact force of κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρόν is somewhat context-dependent.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Μυκηναίοις	Μυκηναῖος	PROPN	A-DatPl	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἐδύνατο	iobj	high	Dative of the affected party/possessor: ‘for the Mycenaeans’.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	12 ἐδύνατο	discourse	high	Correlative particle, paired with the following explanatory structure.
3	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G--------	_	12 ἐδύνατο	parataxis	high	Explanatory particle.
4	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-Sna	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἁλῶναι	det	high	Article substantivizing the infinitival phrase.
5	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	7 ἁλῶναι	discourse	high	Particle within the contrastive/articular infinitive construction.
6	τεῖχος	τεῖχος	NOUN	N-Sna	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἁλῶναι	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive ἁλῶναι.
7	ἁλῶναι	ἁλίσκομαι	VERB	V-ANM--	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	12 ἐδύνατο	xcomp	high	Articular aorist passive infinitive, complement of ἐδύνατο.
8	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R--------	AdpType=Prep	10 ἰσχυρὸν	case	high	Preposition governing the substantivized neuter adjective.
9	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-Sna	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἰσχυρὸν	det	high	Article with substantivized ἰσχυρόν.
10	ἰσχυρὸν	ἰσχυρός	ADJ	A-Sna	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἁλῶναι	obl	medium	Substantivized neuter adjective; likely ‘in respect of strength/strong point,’ but precise contextual sense is uncertain.
11	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	12 ἐδύνατο	advmod	high	Negator of ἐδύνατο.
12	ἐδύνατο	δύναμαι	VERB	V-IPI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate of the first clause.
13	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R--------	AdpType=Prep	14 Ἀργείων	case	high	Agent-marking preposition with the passive infinitive.
14	Ἀργείων	Ἀργεῖος	PROPN	A-Gpm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ἁλῶναι	obl:agent	high	Genitive agent of ἁλῶναι.
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἐδύνατο	punct	high
16	ἐτετείχιστο	τειχίζω	VERB	V-IPI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Plup\|Voice=Mid	12 ἐδύνατο	parataxis	medium	Pluperfect middle/passive, explanatory second predicate; subject is understood as τὸ τεῖχος.
17	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G--------	_	16 ἐτετείχιστο	discourse	high	Explanatory particle introducing the reason.
18	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R--------	AdpType=Prep	19 ταὐτὰ	case	high	Preposition governing ταὐτά.
19	ταὐτὰ	αὐτός	PRON	P-Sna	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	16 ἐτετείχιστο	obl	high	Crasis of τὰ αὐτά; adverbial accusative with κατά, ‘in the same way’.

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