Grammar parses for passage 8.1.1
Open translation for this passage
Ἀρκάδων δὲ τὰ πρὸς τῆς Ἀργείας Τεγεᾶταί τε ἔχουσι καὶ Μαντινεῖς, νέμονται δὲ οὗτοί τε καὶ τὸ ἄλλο Ἀρκαδικὸν τὸ μεσόγαιον τῆς Πελοποννήσου.
The sentence is coordinate and somewhat elliptical: the first clause has ἔχουσι with an implied object, and the second clause has νέμονται with a coordinated nominal phrase whose precise internal syntax is partially compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Τεγεᾶταί | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Τεγεᾶται referring to the Arcadians. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἔχουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἔχουσι | obj | medium | Likely object of ἔχουσι with omitted noun/ellipsis. |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 6 Ἀργείας | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀργείας. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀργείας | det | high | Article with Ἀργείας. |
| 6 | Ἀργείας | Ἀργεία | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 τὰ | nmod | medium | Probably a genitive place-name modifying τὰ. |
| 7 | Τεγεᾶταί | Τεγεάτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἔχουσι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχουσι. |
| 8 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 7 Τεγεᾶταί | advmod | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 9 | ἔχουσι | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First main verb. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 Μαντινεῖς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 11 | Μαντινεῖς | Μαντινεύς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Τεγεᾶταί | conj | high | Coordinated with Τεγεᾶται as subject-like noun phrase. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔχουσι | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 13 | νέμονται | νέμω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 νέμονται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | οὗτοί | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 νέμονται | nsubj | high | Subject of νέμονται. |
| 16 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 15 οὗτοί | advmod | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ἄλλο | cc | high | Coordinates with οὗτοί. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 Ἀρκαδικὸν | det | high | Article with Ἀρκαδικὸν. |
| 19 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 νέμονται | conj | medium | Likely coordinated object/subject phrase, but syntax is somewhat elliptical. |
| 20 | Ἀρκαδικὸν | Ἀρκαδικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἄλλο | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of implied noun with τὸ ἄλλο. |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 μεσόγαιον | det | high | Article with μεσόγαιον. |
| 22 | μεσόγαιον | μεσόγαιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἄλλο | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying implied Ἀρκαδικὸν noun phrase. |
| 23 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 Πελοποννήσου | det | high | Article with Πελοποννήσου. |
| 24 | Πελοποννήσου | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 μεσόγαιον | nmod | high | Genitive complement of μεσόγαιον. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 νέμονται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Κορίνθιοι γὰρ οἰκοῦσιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἰσθμῷ πρῶτοι·
πρῶτοι is the main interpretive point: it functions predicatively with οἰκοῦσιν rather than modifying Κορίνθιοι directly.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κορίνθιοι | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | N--MPN--- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 3 οἰκοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Proper name used as a substantivized ethnicon; subject of οἰκοῦσιν. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 οἰκοῦσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | οἰκοῦσιν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-3PPAI--- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἰσθμῷ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MD- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 6 ἰσθμῷ | det | high | Article modifying ἰσθμῷ. |
| 6 | ἰσθμῷ | ἰσθμός | NOUN | N-SMD---- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 3 οἰκοῦσιν | obl | high | Prepositional oblique expressing location. |
| 7 | πρῶτοι | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--MPN--- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 3 οἰκοῦσιν | advmod | medium | Predicative adjective/adverbial predicate with the verb 'dwelling first/foremost'; could also be analyzed as subject complement. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 οἰκοῦσιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Κορινθίοις δὲ τὰ πρὸς θαλάσσης εἰσὶν Ἐπιδαύριοι γείτονες· τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἐπίδαυρον καὶ Τροιζῆνά τε καὶ Ἑρμιόνα ὁ κόλπος ἐστὶν ὁ Ἀργολικὸς καὶ ὅσα ἐπιθαλάσσια τῆς Ἀργείας·
Two coordinated copular clauses with omitted/understood shared semantics; the second clause continues with a neuter plural relative/quantified phrase and appositional geographic description.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κορινθίοις | Κορινθίοι | PROPN | NNP-DAT-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 γείτονες | obl | high | Dative of reference/possession with implied relation 'for the Corinthians'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 γείτονες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ATR-NSP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 γείτονες | obj | medium | Likely substantive article with understood noun or adverbial accusative phrase. |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 5 θαλάσσης | case | high | Adposition governing genitive. |
| 5 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 τὰ | nmod | high | Dependent of the accusative article phrase; semantically 'towards the sea'. |
| 6 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 γείτονες | cop | high | Copula of the first clause. |
| 7 | Ἐπιδαύριοι | Ἐπιδαύριος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 γείτονες | amod | high | Predicative adjective used substantively as a gentilic. |
| 8 | γείτονες | γείτων | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate nominal of the first clause. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 γείτονες | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ATR-NSP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἐστὶν | nsubj | medium | Second clause subject/article introducing neuter plural clause. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 21 ἐστὶν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 13 Ἐπίδαυρον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 13 | Ἐπίδαυρον | Ἐπίδαυρος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Goal complement of the preposition. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 Ἐπίδαυρον | cc | high | Coordinator within the list. |
| 15 | Τροιζῆνά | Τροιζήν | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Ἐπίδαυρον | conj | high | Coordinated goal in the list. |
| 16 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 15 Τροιζῆνά | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective associated with the coordination. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 Ἑρμιόνα | cc | high | Coordinator within the list. |
| 18 | Ἑρμιόνα | Ἑρμιόνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Τροιζῆνά | conj | high | Third coordinated goal; form is accusative in list. |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | ATR-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 κόλπος | det | high | Article modifying κόλπος. |
| 20 | κόλπος | κόλπος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστὶν. |
| 21 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of the second clause. |
| 22 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | ATR-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Ἀργολικὸς | det | high | Article with adjective used substantively. |
| 23 | Ἀργολικὸς | Ἀργολικός | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 κόλπος | amod | medium | Attributive adjective modifying κόλπος. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 ὅσα | cc | high | Coordinator introducing final phrase. |
| 25 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | RI-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἐστὶν | conj | medium | Correlative relative/indefinite plural phrase coordinated with the preceding nominal clause. |
| 26 | ἐπιθαλάσσια | ἐπιθαλάσσιος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ὅσα | amod | high | Substantival adjective modifying ὅσα. |
| 27 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | ATR-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 Ἀργείας | det | high | Article with Ἀργείας. |
| 28 | Ἀργείας | Ἀργεία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐπιθαλάσσια | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἐπιθαλάσσια. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ταύτης δὲ ἔχονται τῆς χώρας Λακεδαιμονίων περίοικοι, τούτοις δὲ ὅμορος ἡ Μεσσηνία·
Two coordinated/juxtaposed clauses; the second is an equative clause with an omitted copula, and ὅμορος takes a dative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτης | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--FGS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 χώρας | det | high | Demonstrative modifying χώρας. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G------- | _ | 3 ἔχονται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἔχονται | ἔχω | VERB | V--P3M-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Dd--FGS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 χώρας | det | high | Article with χώρας. |
| 5 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N--FGS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἔχονται | obj | high | Genitive object/complement with ἔχονται. |
| 6 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Ne--GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 περίοικοι | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of περίοικοι; could be possessive or partitive. |
| 7 | περίοικοι | περίοικος | NOUN | A---MPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἔχονται | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχονται. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔχονται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 11 ὅμορος | obl | high | Dative complement of ὅμορος. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G------- | _ | 11 ὅμορος | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 11 | ὅμορος | ὅμορος | ADJ | A--NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second clause predicate adjective; copula omitted. |
| 12 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Dd--FSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Μεσσηνία | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνία. |
| 13 | Μεσσηνία | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | Ne--FSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ὅμορος | nsubj | high | Subject of omitted copula with ὅμορος. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ὅμορος | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |