Grammar parses for passage 8.10.1
Open translation for this passage
ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν δὲ τὴν ἄλλην εἰσὶν ἐκ Μαντινείας ὁδοί· ὁπόσα δὲ ἐφʼ ἑκάστης αὐτῶν μάλιστα ἦν θέας ἄξια, ἐπέξειμι καὶ ταῦτα.
Two coordinated clauses: εἰσὶν ὁδοί takes ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν as goal and ἐκ Μαντινείας as source; ὁπόσα is a neuter plural relative substantive, with ἄξια agreeing with it and ἐπέξειμι as the main verb of the second clause. The form ἦν is analyzed as an existential/copular imperfect; attachment of θέας is interpreted as a genitive of value/specification.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 9 ὁδοί | case | high | |
| 2 | Ἀρκαδίαν | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | NbA-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὁδοί | obl | high | Goal of εἰσὶν ὁδοί. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ὁδοί | cc | high | |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-A-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἄλλην | det | high | |
| 5 | ἄλλην | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--A-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 Ἀρκαδίαν | amod | high | Substantivized modifier of Ἀρκαδίαν. |
| 6 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular use: ‘there are’. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 8 Μαντινείας | case | high | |
| 8 | Μαντινείας | Μαντίνεια | PROPN | NbG-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὁδοί | obl | high | Source/origin of the roads. |
| 9 | ὁδοί | ὁδός | NOUN | NbN-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἰσὶν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | PX--N-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἐπέξειμι | nsubj | medium | Relative/interrogative substantive, ‘as many things as’; construed as subject of ἄξια ἦν. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἐπέξειμι | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 14 ἑκάστης | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 14 | ἑκάστης | ἕκαστος | ADJ | A-GF-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 αὐτῶν | amod | high | Substantivized: ‘each [road]’. |
| 15 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-G--p | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἑκάστης | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on substantivized ἑκάστης. |
| 16 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D----- | Degree=Sup | 19 ἄξια | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 19 ἄξια | cop | medium | Imperfect copula/existential verb; singular despite neuter plural subject under a collective/attraction construction. |
| 18 | θέας | θέα | NOUN | NbG-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἄξια | nmod | medium | Genitive of value/specification with ἄξια: ‘worthy of viewing’. |
| 19 | ἄξια | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-N-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἐπέξειμι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with ὁπόσα. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐπέξειμι | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἐπέξειμι | ἐπέξειμι | VERB | V-PAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause: ‘I shall go through/discuss in sequence’. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ταῦτα | cc | high | |
| 23 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | P--N-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἐπέξειμι | obj | high | Object of ἐπέξειμι: ‘these things’. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐπέξειμι | punct | high |
ἰόντι ἐς Τεγέαν ἐστὶν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τῆς λεωφόρου παρὰ τοῖς Μαντινέων τείχεσι χωρίον ἐς τῶν ἵππων τὸν δρόμον καὶ οὐ πόρρω τούτου στάδιον, ἔνθα ἐπὶ τῷ Ἀντίνῳ τὸν ἀγῶνα τιθέασιν.
The sentence has an existential frame with χωρίον as subject; the later ἔνθα clause specifies the place and contains an idiomatic contest-related phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἰόντι | εἶμι | VERB | PAPMSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐστὶν | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle, agreeing with understood traveler. |
| 2 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 3 Τεγέαν | case | high | |
| 3 | Τεγέαν | Τεγέα | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἰόντι | obl | high | |
| 4 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 6 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | |
| 6 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 χωρίον | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: on the left. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 λεωφόρου | det | high | |
| 8 | λεωφόρου | λεωφόρος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀριστερᾷ | nmod | high | |
| 9 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 12 τείχεσι | case | high | |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 Μαντινέων | det | high | |
| 11 | Μαντινέων | Μαντινεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 τείχεσι | nmod | high | Genitive plural name; article is likely substantivizing plural ethnic noun. |
| 12 | τείχεσι | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 χωρίον | obl | high | |
| 13 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of existential ἐστίν. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 18 δρόμον | case | high | |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 16 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 δρόμον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δρόμος. |
| 17 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 δρόμον | det | high | |
| 18 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 χωρίον | nmod | medium | Phrase ἐς τῶν ἵππων τὸν δρόμον denotes a horse-race/course; genitive construction is idiomatic or textually elliptical. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 στάδιον | cc | high | |
| 20 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 21 πόρρω | advmod | high | |
| 21 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | D | _ | 23 στάδιον | advmod | high | Predicate adverb with στάδιον. |
| 22 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | RD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 στάδιον | nmod | medium | Genitive of separation/distance: not far from this. |
| 23 | στάδιον | στάδιον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 χωρίον | conj | medium | Accusative distance expression coordinated with the preceding location phrase. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D | _ | 31 τιθέασιν | advmod | high | Relative/local adverb introducing the place clause. |
| 26 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 28 Ἀντίνῳ | case | high | |
| 27 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Ἀντίνῳ | det | high | |
| 28 | Ἀντίνῳ | Ἄντινος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἀγῶνα | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί, likely in honor of/for Antinous. |
| 29 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἀγῶνα | det | high | |
| 30 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 τιθέασιν | obj | high | |
| 31 | τιθέασιν | τίθημι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 ἔνθα | acl:relcl | medium | Present tense; subject is implicit organizers. Clause is localized by ἔνθα. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ὑπὲρ δὲ τοῦ σταδίου τὸ ὄρος ἐστὶ τὸ Ἀλήσιον, διὰ τὴν ἄλην ὥς φασι καλούμενον τὴν Ῥέας, καὶ Δήμητρος ἄλσος ἐν τῷ ὄρει.
Copular clause: τὸ ὄρος is subject and τὸ Ἀλήσιον is a predicate nominative; καλούμενον is a supplementary/passive participle with τὸ ὄρος understood as its subject, while τὴν Ῥέας is an elliptical accusative object/name complement. The final Δήμητρος ἄλσος is coordinated and nominative, with ἐν τῷ ὄρει as its locative modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | P | Case=GEN | 4 σταδίου | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐστὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 σταδίου | det | high | |
| 4 | σταδίου | στάδιον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄρος | obl | high | |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄρος | det | high | |
| 6 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀλήσιον | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀλήσιον | Ἀλήσιον | PROPN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶ | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative/place-name. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 11 | διὰ | διά | ADP | P | Case=ACC | 13 ἄλην | case | high | |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἄλην | det | high | |
| 13 | ἄλην | ἄλη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 καλούμενον | obl | medium | Causal διά-phrase modifying the naming predicate. |
| 14 | ὥς | ὡς | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 15 φασι | mark | high | |
| 15 | φασι | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 καλούμενον | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical ‘as they say’. |
| 16 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 ἐστὶ | xcomp | medium | Supplementary passive participle; subject is the mountain, with an elliptical naming complement. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Ῥέας | det | high | |
| 18 | Ῥέας | Ῥέα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 καλούμενον | obj | medium | Genitive form is retained in the proper name; construction is elliptical/uncertain. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἄλσος | cc | high | |
| 21 | Δήμητρος | Δήμητρος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἄλσος | nmod | high | |
| 22 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶ | conj | medium | Coordinated nominative noun, with copula understood. |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | Case=DAT | 25 ὄρει | case | high | |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ὄρει | det | high | |
| 25 | ὄρει | ὄρος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἄλσος | obl | high | |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστὶ | punct | high |