Grammar parses for passage 8.11.7
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ ἐτέτρωτο ὁ Ἐπαμινώνδας, ἐκκομίζουσιν ἔτι ζῶντα ἐκ τῆς παρατάξεως αὐτόν.
ὡς introduces a temporal clause; ἐτέτρωτο is pluperfect passive, while αὐτόν is the accusative object of ἐκκομίζουσιν and ζῶντα is a predicative accusative participle agreeing with it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐτέτρωτο | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐκκομίζουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐτέτρωτο | τιτρώσκω | VERB | V3P-S--LI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Pass | 7 ἐκκομίζουσιν | advcl | high | Pluperfect passive in the temporal clause. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSM- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἐπαμινώνδας | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | NPMN-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐτέτρωτο | nsubj:pass | high | Proper-name subject of the passive verb. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐτέτρωτο | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἐκκομίζουσιν | ἐκκομίζω | VERB | V3P-P--AI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 8 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 ζῶντα | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ζῶντα. |
| 9 | ζῶντα | ζάω | VERB | VPAP-SA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 αὐτόν | acl | high | Predicative accusative participle agreeing with αὐτόν. |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P----G-- | _ | 12 παρατάξεως | case | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA--GSF- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 παρατάξεως | det | high | |
| 12 | παρατάξεως | παράταξις | NOUN | N--GFS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκκομίζουσιν | obl | high | Source/location complement with ἐκ. |
| 13 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | RP--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 7 ἐκκομίζουσιν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐκκομίζουσιν. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκκομίζουσιν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ τέως μὲν τὴν χεῖρα ἔχων ἐπὶ τῷ τραύματι ἐταλαιπώρει καὶ ἐς τοὺς μαχομένους ἀφεώρα.
The participle ἔχων is circumstantial with an understood subject coreferential with ὁ; ἐπὶ + dative marks the location of the hand. The second coordinated verb ἀφεώρα governs ἐς + accusative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-dsm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐταλαιπώρει | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἐταλαιπώρει | cc | high | |
| 3 | τέως | τέως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 ἐταλαιπώρει | advmod | high | |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 11 ἐταλαιπώρει | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; no overt δέ counterpart beyond token 2. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 χεῖρα | det | high | |
| 6 | χεῖρα | χείρ | NOUN | N-asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔχων | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐταλαιπώρει | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject understood as ὁ. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 τραύματι | case | high | |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-dsn | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 τραύματι | det | high | |
| 10 | τραύματι | τραῦμα | NOUN | N-dsn | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 χεῖρα | obl | high | ἐπὶ τῷ τραύματι is a locative PP dependent on ἔχων. |
| 11 | ἐταλαιπώρει | ταλαιπωρέω | VERB | V-IAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἀφεώρα | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 μαχομένους | case | high | |
| 14 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-apm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 μαχομένους | det | high | |
| 15 | μαχομένους | μάχομαι | VERB | V-PMPAPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 ἀφεώρα | obl | high | Articular participle, substantivized: “those fighting”. |
| 16 | ἀφεώρα | ἀφοράω | VERB | V-IAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 11 ἐταλαιπώρει | conj | high | Coordinated imperfect with ἐταλαιπώρει. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐταλαιπώρει | punct | high |
ὁπόθεν δὲ ἀπέβλεπεν ἐς αὐτούς, ὠνόμαζον Σκοπὴν οἱ ἔπειτα.
The sentence has a fronted ὁπόθεν-clause modifying ὠνόμαζον; οἱ ἔπειτα is a substantivized expression serving as the subject of the main verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁπόθεν | ὁπόθεν | ADV | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 ἀπέβλεπεν | advmod | high | Interrogative/relative adverb, ‘from where’; introduces the temporal-spatial subordinate clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ὠνόμαζον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπέβλεπεν | ἀποβλέπω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 7 ὠνόμαζον | advcl | high | Imperfect indicative in the subordinate clause; subject is implicit. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 αὐτούς | case | high | Variant of εἰς governing the accusative. |
| 5 | αὐτούς | αὐτός | PRON | P-A--AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 3 ἀπέβλεπεν | obl | high | Prepositional object, ‘toward them’; antecedent is context-dependent. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ὠνόμαζον | punct | high | |
| 7 | ὠνόμαζον | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main-clause imperfect; subject follows. |
| 8 | Σκοπὴν | Σκοπή | PROPN | N-A--AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Proper=Yes | 7 ὠνόμαζον | obj | high | Name assigned by ὠνόμαζον; accusative naming object/predicative name. |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἔπειτα | det | high | Article substantivizing ἔπειτα as ‘those later/later people’; exact nominal interpretation is context-sensitive. |
| 10 | ἔπειτα | ἔπειτα | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 ὠνόμαζον | nsubj | medium | Substantivized temporal adverb with οἱ, functioning as the plural subject (‘those who came afterward’). |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ὠνόμαζον | punct | high |
λαβόντος δὲ ἴσον τοῦ ἀγῶνος πέρας, οὕτω τὴν χεῖρα ἀπέσχεν ἀπὸ τοῦ τραύματος· καὶ αὐτὸν ἀφέντα τὴν ψυχὴν ἔθαψαν ἔνθα σφίσιν ἐγένετο ἡ συμβολή.
The genitive absolute λαβόντος ... πέρας sets the circumstance: once the contest had reached an equal outcome. In the second clause, αὐτὸν ἀφέντα τὴν ψυχήν is an accusative participial construction referring to the deceased man; ἔθαψαν has an implicit subject. ἔνθα introduces the place where the encounter occurred, with σφίσιν as an ethical/dative participant pronoun with ἐγένετο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λαβόντος | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAP-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 πέρας | advcl | high | Genitive-absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λαβόντος | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἴσον | ἴσος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πέρας | amod | medium | Neuter predicative adjective with πέρας; alternatively substantival/predicative complement. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἀγῶνος | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πέρας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πέρας. |
| 6 | πέρας | πέρας | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἀπέσχεν | csubj | medium | Subject of λαβόντος in the genitive absolute; nominative form is syncretic with neuter genitive/accusative. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἀπέσχεν | punct | high | |
| 8 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | D | _ | 11 ἀπέσχεν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 χεῖρα | det | high | |
| 10 | χεῖρα | χείρ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀπέσχεν | obj | high | |
| 11 | ἀπέσχεν | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P-G | _ | 14 τραύματος | case | high | |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 τραύματος | det | high | |
| 14 | τραύματος | τραῦμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἀπέσχεν | obl | high | |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔθαψαν | punct | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἔθαψαν | cc | high | |
| 17 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 18 ἀφέντα | obj | medium | Accusative subject of the participial phrase with ἀφέντα; antecedent is implicit/deceased man. |
| 18 | ἀφέντα | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-2AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἔθαψαν | advcl | high | Accusative participle, temporally prior to ἔθαψαν. |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ψυχὴν | det | high | |
| 20 | ψυχὴν | ψυχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀφέντα | obj | high | Object of ἀφέντα. |
| 21 | ἔθαψαν | θάπτω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Coordinated second finite clause; plural subject is implicit. |
| 22 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D | _ | 24 ἐγένετο | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb meaning ‘where’. |
| 23 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 24 ἐγένετο | iobj | medium | Dative of involvement/association with ἐγένετο. |
| 24 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 21 ἔθαψαν | acl:relcl | high | Finite clause embedded under ἔνθα; συμβολή is its subject. |
| 25 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 συμβολή | det | high | |
| 26 | συμβολή | συμβολή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔθαψαν | punct | high |