Grammar parses for passage 8.11.8
Open translation for this passage
τῷ τάφῳ δὲ κίων τε ἐφέστηκε καὶ ἀσπὶς ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δράκοντα ἔχουσα ἐπειργασμένον·
Two coordinated subjects govern ἐφέστηκε: κίων and ἀσπίς. The phrase δράκοντα ἔχουσα ἐπειργασμένον means ‘having a serpent worked/engraved upon it’; ἐπειργασμένον is a neuter accusative participle agreeing with an implicit/elliptical ἔργον or image, with δράκοντα as its accusative object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-dat-sg-m | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 τάφῳ | det | high | |
| 2 | τάφῳ | τάφος | NOUN | N-dat-sg-m | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐφέστηκε | obl | high | Dative of location/context. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 ἐφέστηκε | cc | high | |
| 4 | κίων | κίων | NOUN | N-nom-sg-m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐφέστηκε | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 4 κίων | cc | high | Correlative τε coordinates κίων with ἀσπίς. |
| 6 | ἐφέστηκε | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V-perf-act-ind-3sg | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect with stative/resultative sense ‘stands/is erected upon’. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 ἐφέστηκε | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἀσπὶς | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N-nom-sg-f | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐφέστηκε | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 9 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 10 αὐτῷ | case | high | Elided form ἐπ’. |
| 10 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-dat-sg-n | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 8 ἀσπὶς | obl | high | Refers to the shield; ἐπὶ with dative indicates position on it. |
| 11 | δράκοντα | δράκων | NOUN | N-acc-sg-m | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπειργασμένον | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐπειργασμένον. |
| 12 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | V-pres-act-part-nom-sg-f | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἀσπὶς | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἀσπίς. |
| 13 | ἐπειργασμένον | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-perf-mid-part-acc-sg-n | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 12 ἔχουσα | xcomp | medium | Neuter accusative participle, likely predicative/complementary with ἔχουσα and an elliptical image/design; exact attachment is syntactically elliptical. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐφέστηκε | punct | high |
ὁ μὲν δὴ δράκων ἐθέλει σημαίνειν γένους τῶν Σπαρτῶν καλουμένων εἶναι τὸν Ἐπαμινώνδαν,
The sentence has an explicit subject ὁ δράκων with θέλει governing the infinitive phrase σημαίνειν ... εἶναι; τὸν Ἐπαμινώνδαν is the accusative subject of εἶναι, and γένους ... is a genitive predicate with εἶναι. The exact semantic attachment of σημαίνειν to γένους is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 δράκων | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 4 δράκων | discourse | high | Correlative/contrastive particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 5 ἐθέλει | discourse | high | |
| 4 | δράκων | δράκων | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐθέλει | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐθέλει | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | σημαίνειν | σημαίνω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐθέλει | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐθέλει. |
| 7 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 εἶναι | nmod | medium | Genitive predicate/quality with εἶναι, within the infinitival proposition. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Σπαρτῶν | det | high | |
| 9 | Σπαρτῶν | Σπαρτός | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 καλουμένων | nmod | high | Name of the Spartoi. |
| 10 | καλουμένων | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 Σπαρτῶν | acl | high | Attributive participle: ‘called Spartoi’. |
| 11 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 σημαίνειν | xcomp | high | Infinitive with accusative subject τὸν Ἐπαμινώνδαν. |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Ἐπαμινώνδαν | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἐπαμινώνδαν | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐθέλει | punct | high |
στῆλαι δέ εἰσιν ἐπὶ τῷ μνήματι, ἡ μὲν ἀρχαία καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἔχουσα Βοιώτιον, τὴν δὲ αὐτήν τε ἀνέθηκεν Ἀδριανὸς βασιλεὺς καὶ ἐποίησε τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῇ.
The sentence presents two stelae as the subject of εἰσιν; the μέν/δέ contrast coordinates descriptions of the old stele and the one dedicated and inscribed by Hadrian. Token 16–18 is an anaphoric substantival accusative, and token 27–29 modifies the second ἐπίγραμμα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | στῆλαι | στήλη | NOUN | N-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 3 εἰσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 6 μνήματι | case | high | |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 μνήματι | det | high | |
| 6 | μνήματι | μνῆμα | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 εἰσιν | obl | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἀρχαία | det | high | Article introducing the first item in an appositional/list construction. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 10 ἀρχαία | discourse | high | |
| 10 | ἀρχαία | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | a-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 εἰσιν | conj | high | Predicative/appositional description of the first stele. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 13 ἔχουσα | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἔχουσα | obj | high | |
| 13 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | v-sppafn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀρχαία | conj | high | Participial adjunct coordinated with the adjectival description. |
| 14 | Βοιώτιον | Βοιώτιος | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπίγραμμα | amod | high | Agrees with ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 αὐτήν | det | high | Article with substantival/anaphoric αὐτήν. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 20 ἀνέθηκεν | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν. |
| 18 | αὐτήν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 20 ἀνέθηκεν | obj | high | Anaphoric object, ‘the other one’; article plus pronoun is substantival. |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 20 ἀνέθηκεν | cc | high | |
| 20 | ἀνέθηκεν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | v3saaia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 3 εἰσιν | conj | high | First coordinated predicate concerning the second stele. |
| 21 | Ἀδριανὸς | Ἁδριανός | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀνέθηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Ἀδριανὸς | appos | high | Apposition: ‘the emperor Hadrian’. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 24 ἐποίησε | cc | high | |
| 24 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | v3saaia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 ἀνέθηκεν | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀνέθηκεν; shared subject Hadrian. |
| 25 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | |
| 26 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐποίησε | obj | high | |
| 27 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 ἐπʼ | det | high | |
| 28 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 29 αὐτῇ | case | high | Apocopated/elided form of ἐπί. |
| 29 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 26 ἐπίγραμμα | nmod | high | Relative locative modifier of ἐπίγραμμα: the inscription on it. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 εἰσιν | punct | high |