Grammar parses for passage 8.11.9
Open translation for this passage
τὸν δὲ Ἐπαμινώνδαν τῶν παρʼ Ἕλλησι στρατηγίας ἕνεκα εὐδοκιμησάντων μάλιστα ἐπαινέσαι τις ἂν ἢ ὕστερόν γε οὐδενὸς ποιήσαιτο·
The syntax is elliptical and comparative: ἐπαινέσαι is infinitival, with τις ἂν ποιήσαιτο as the main verbal idea; the genitive phrase τῶν ... εὐδοκιμησάντων depends on Ἐπαμινώνδαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἐπαμινώνδαν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 3 Ἐπαμινώνδαν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | Ἐπαμινώνδαν | Ἐπαμίνωνδας | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπαινέσαι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of the infinitive ἐπαινέσαι. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 εὐδοκιμησάντων | det | high | |
| 5 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 6 Ἕλλησι | case | high | |
| 6 | Ἕλλησι | Ἕλλην | PROPN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 εὐδοκιμησάντων | obl | high | Dative with παρά; collective ethnic name. |
| 7 | στρατηγίας | στρατηγία | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | |
| 8 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | r-------- | _ | 9 εὐδοκιμησάντων | case | high | |
| 9 | εὐδοκιμησάντων | εὐδοκιμέω | VERB | v-papagm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 Ἐπαμινώνδαν | nmod | medium | Participle likely substantivized: 'of those who were distinguished'. |
| 10 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | d-------- | _ | 11 ἐπαινέσαι | advmod | high | |
| 11 | ἐπαινέσαι | ἐπαινέω | VERB | v--ana--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 ποιήσαιτο | obj | medium | Infinitive dependent on ἂν; relation to matrix verb is indirect/elliptical. |
| 12 | τις | τις | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 18 ποιήσαιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | d-------- | _ | 18 ποιήσαιτο | advmod | high | |
| 14 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 18 ποιήσαιτο | cc | high | Comparative 'or' in correlative structure. |
| 15 | ὕστερόν | ὕστερος | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ποιήσαιτο | obl | medium | Adverbial accusative: 'later'. |
| 16 | γε | γε | PART | d-------- | _ | 15 ὕστερόν | discourse | high | |
| 17 | οὐδενὸς | οὐδείς | PRON | p-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 18 ποιήσαιτο | obl | medium | Genitive with ποιήσαιτο, likely 'than no one' in comparison. |
| 18 | ποιήσαιτο | ποιέω | VERB | v-saoramo- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main optative in indirect/conditional comparative clause. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ποιήσαιτο | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίων μὲν γὰρ καὶ Ἀθηναίων τοῖς ἡγεμόσι πόλεών τε ἀξίωμα ὑπῆρχεν ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται φρονήματός τι ἦσαν ἔχοντες,
Two coordinated clauses: the first with ὑπῆρχεν and a dative beneficiary/possessor, the second with periphrastic ἦσαν ἔχοντες; the genitive τι with φρονήματος is somewhat interpretively difficult.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἡγεμόσι | nmod | high | Genitive plural modifying ἡγεμόσι. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle with γὰρ. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | D-------- | _ | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Ἀθηναίων | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking the genitives. |
| 5 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Λακεδαιμονίων | conj | high | Coordination with Λακεδαιμονίων; exact lexical class treated as adjective/substantive. |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-p---d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ἡγεμόσι | det | high | Article with ἡγεμόσι. |
| 7 | ἡγεμόσι | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-p---d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possessor with ὑπῆρχεν; could also be analyzed as oblique. |
| 8 | πόλεών | πόλις | NOUN | N-p---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀξίωμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀξίωμα. |
| 9 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 πόλεών | cc | high | Enclitic connective with πόλεών. |
| 10 | ἀξίωμα | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ὑπῆρχεν. |
| 11 | ὑπῆρχεν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-3SIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the first clause. |
| 12 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 παλαιοῦ | case | high | Preposition with παλαιοῦ. |
| 13 | παλαιοῦ | παλαιός | ADJ | A-s---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | obl | medium | Temporal/source phrase with ἐκ; genitive of time 'from of old'. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἦσαν | cc | high | Links the second clause to the first. |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-p---n- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 στρατιῶται | det | high | Article with στρατιῶται. |
| 16 | στρατιῶται | στρατιώτης | NOUN | N-p---n- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦσαν. |
| 17 | φρονήματός | φρόνημα | NOUN | N-s---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἔχοντες | obj | medium | Genitive dependent on ἔχοντες; partitive/content-like relation. |
| 18 | τι | τις | PRON | P-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 17 φρονήματός | det | medium | Indefinite enclitic modifying φρονήματός; interpretation somewhat uncertain in this context. |
| 19 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3PIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb with the first clause. |
| 20 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAPNPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Participial complement of ἦσαν. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | punct | high | Sentence-final comma. |
Θηβαίους δὲ Ἐπαμινώνδας ἀθύμους τὰς γνώμας καὶ ἄλλων ἀκούειν εἰωθότας ἀπέφηνεν ἐν οὐ πολλῷ πρωτεύοντας.
The syntax is participial and somewhat compressed: ἐπαμινώνδας is the subject of ἀπέφηνεν, with εἰωθότας ἀκούειν and πρωτεύοντας both functioning as accusative participial/complement structures modifying Θηβαίους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | obj | high | Accusative masculine plural substantivized adjective, object of ἀπέφηνεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέφηνεν. |
| 4 | ἀθύμους | ἀθυμος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Θηβαίους | amod | medium | Predicative/appositive adjective modifying Θηβαίους. |
| 5 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 γνώμας | det | high | Article with γνώμας. |
| 6 | γνώμας | γνώμη | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἀκούειν | obj | high | Object of ἀκούειν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἄλλων | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλων with the preceding noun phrase. |
| 8 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 γνώμας | amod | medium | Genitive modifier of γνώμας, likely with ellipsis/partitive sense. |
| 9 | ἀκούειν | ἀκούω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 εἰωθότας | xcomp | high | Complement of εἰωθότας. |
| 10 | εἰωθότας | ἔθω | VERB | V-PAPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Θηβαίους | acl:relcl | medium | Participle modifying Θηβαίους; governs infinitive ἀκούειν. |
| 11 | ἀπέφηνεν | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 15 πρωτεύοντας | case | high | Preposition governing πρωτεύοντας. |
| 13 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 14 πολλῷ | advmod | high | Negation with πολλῷ. |
| 14 | πολλῷ | πολύς | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 πρωτεύοντας | advmod | medium | Adverbial dative in the phrase ἐν οὐ πολλῷ. |
| 15 | πρωτεύοντας | πρωτεύω | VERB | V-PAPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | advcl | high | Participial complement to ἀπέφηνεν. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |