Grammar parses for passage 8.11.9
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίων μὲν γὰρ καὶ Ἀθηναίων τοῖς ἡγεμόσι πόλεών τε ἀξίωμα ὑπῆρχεν ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται φρονήματός τι ἦσαν ἔχοντες,
The sentence has a coordinated predicate: ἀξίωμα ὑπῆρχεν ... καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται ... ἦσαν ἔχοντες. The genitives Λακεδαιμονίων and Ἀθηναίων are dependent on ἡγεμόσι, while πόλεών modifies ἀξίωμα; φρονήματός τι is the object of ἔχοντες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἡγεμόσι | nmod | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-PTCL | _ | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart may occur outside the supplied sentence. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-PTCL | _ | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-CC | _ | 5 Ἀθηναίων | cc | high | Coordinates the two ethnic genitives. |
| 5 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἡγεμόσι | conj | high | |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἡγεμόσι | det | high | |
| 7 | ἡγεμόσι | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | obl | high | Dative of possession/association with ἀξίωμα ὑπῆρχεν. |
| 8 | πόλεών | πόλις | NOUN | N-GFP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀξίωμα | nmod | high | |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G-CC | _ | 10 ἀξίωμα | cc | high | Correlative/coordinating enclitic. |
| 10 | ἀξίωμα | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ὑπῆρχεν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | G-PREP | _ | 13 παλαιοῦ | case | high | |
| 13 | παλαιοῦ | παλαιός | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter genitive, ‘from of old’; ἐκ governs the genitive. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-CC | _ | 19 ἦσαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate. |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 στρατιῶται | det | high | |
| 16 | στρατιῶται | στρατιώτης | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | φρονήματός | φρόνημα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἔχοντες | obj | medium | Genitive object with ἔχοντες; token accent/orthography is compatible with genitive singular. |
| 18 | τι | τις | PRON | X-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 φρονήματός | det | high | Indefinite modifier of φρονήματός. |
| 19 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | conj | high | Finite auxiliary of the periphrastic imperfect with ἔχοντες. |
| 20 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicative participle forming a periphrastic imperfect with ἦσαν. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | punct | high |
Θηβαίους δὲ Ἐπαμινώνδας ἀθύμους τὰς γνώμας καὶ ἄλλων ἀκούειν εἰωθότας ἀπέφηνεν ἐν οὐ πολλῷ πρωτεύοντας.
The sentence contains a compressed accusative predicative construction: Θηβαίους is the accusative subject, with ἀθύμους, εἰωθότας ἀκούειν, and πρωτεύοντας forming coordinated or nested predicates; attachment of ἀθύμους and πρωτεύοντας is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | obj | high | Accusative subject-like object of ἀπέφηνεν in the infinitival/predicative construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N--Pmn-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | nsubj | high | Nominative agent/subject of ἀπέφηνεν. |
| 4 | ἀθύμους | ἄθυμος | ADJ | A-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Θηβαίους | conj | medium | Predicative accusative adjective coordinated with the participial predicate; agrees with Θηβαίους. |
| 5 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | S---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 γνώμας | det | high | Article modifying γνώμας. |
| 6 | γνώμας | γνώμη | NOUN | N---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἀθύμους | obl | medium | Accusative of respect with ἀθύμους, ‘despondent in their judgments/resolutions’. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 ἀκούειν | cc | high | Coordinates the participial/adjectival predicates. |
| 8 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀκούειν | obl | high | Genitive with ἀκούειν, ‘hear from others’. |
| 9 | ἀκούειν | ἀκούω | VERB | V--pan--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 εἰωθότας | xcomp | medium | Infinitive governed by εἰωθότας, with Θηβαίους understood as its subject. |
| 10 | εἰωθότας | εἴωθα | VERB | V--rapm- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἀθύμους | conj | medium | Perfect participle, coordinated predicatively with ἀθύμους; syntax is compressed. |
| 11 | ἀπέφηνεν | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V-3siai--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite root verb. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 πρωτεύοντας | case | high | Preposition governing πολλῷ. |
| 13 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T--------- | _ | 14 πολλῷ | advmod | high | Negates πολλῷ. |
| 14 | πολλῷ | πολύς | ADJ | A---ndm- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 πρωτεύοντας | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν in the temporal/degree expression ἐν οὐ πολλῷ. |
| 15 | πρωτεύοντας | πρωτεύω | VERB | V-pppama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 εἰωθότας | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative participle, likely ‘being foremost’; dependent within the compressed construction. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |