Grammar parses for passage 8.11.9
Open translation for this passage
τὸν δὲ Ἐπαμινώνδαν τῶν παρʼ Ἕλλησι στρατηγίας ἕνεκα εὐδοκιμησάντων μάλιστα ἐπαινέσαι τις ἂν ἢ ὕστερόν γε οὐδενὸς ποιήσαιτο·
The sentence presents coordinated potential alternatives: one might praise Epaminondas most highly, or, later, rank him inferior to no one; ἐπαινέσαι is a complementary infinitive with τις as its understood/generic subject, while ποιήσαιτο is the finite potential optative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | article-ACC-SG-MASC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἐπαμινώνδαν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ποιήσαιτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἐπαμινώνδαν | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-ACC-SG-MASC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπαινέσαι | obj | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | article-GEN-PL-MASC | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 εὐδοκιμησάντων | det | high | |
| 5 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Ἕλλησι | case | high | Apocopated/elided form of παρά. |
| 6 | Ἕλλησι | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-DAT-PL-MASC | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 εὐδοκιμησάντων | obl | high | Object of παρά in the sense 'among the Greeks'. |
| 7 | στρατηγίας | στρατηγία | NOUN | N-GEN-SG-FEM | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἕνεκα | obl | high | Genitive with ἕνεκα, 'on account of/in respect of generalship'. |
| 8 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | PREP-GEN | _ | 9 εὐδοκιμησάντων | case | high | Postposition governing στρατηγίας. |
| 9 | εὐδοκιμησάντων | εὐδοκιμέω | VERB | V-AOR-ACT-P TCP-GEN-PL-MASC | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 Ἐπαμινώνδαν | acl | high | Genitive participle modifying τῶν ...; article and participle substantivally mean 'those who distinguished themselves'. |
| 10 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 11 ἐπαινέσαι | advmod | high | |
| 11 | ἐπαινέσαι | ἐπαινέω | VERB | V-AOR-ACT-INF | Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 ποιήσαιτο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with ποιήσαιτο. |
| 12 | τις | τις | PRON | P-INDEF-NOM-SG | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 11 ἐπαινέσαι | nsubj | high | Indefinite generic subject of the infinitival clause. |
| 13 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PART | Mood=Pot | 11 ἐπαινέσαι | aux | high | Modal particle with the potential infinitive. |
| 14 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ποιήσαιτο | cc | high | Coordinates the alternative infinitive phrase. |
| 15 | ὕστερόν | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV-COMP | Degree=Cmp | 18 ποιήσαιτο | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, 'later'. |
| 16 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 15 ὕστερόν | discourse | medium | Emphatic particle attached to ὕστερον. |
| 17 | οὐδενὸς | οὐδείς | PRON | P-INDEF-GEN-SG-MASC | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 18 ποιήσαιτο | obl | high | Partitive genitive with ποιήσαιτο: 'make [him] inferior to no one'. |
| 18 | ποιήσαιτο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AOR-MID-OPT-3SG | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative with ἄν understood across the coordinated alternatives; governs ἐπαινέσαι and οὐδενὸς. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ποιήσαιτο | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίων μὲν γὰρ καὶ Ἀθηναίων τοῖς ἡγεμόσι πόλεών τε ἀξίωμα ὑπῆρχεν ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται φρονήματός τι ἦσαν ἔχοντες,
The sentence has a coordinated predicate: ἀξίωμα ὑπῆρχεν ... καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται ... ἦσαν ἔχοντες. The genitives Λακεδαιμονίων and Ἀθηναίων are dependent on ἡγεμόσι, while πόλεών modifies ἀξίωμα; φρονήματός τι is the object of ἔχοντες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἡγεμόσι | nmod | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-PTCL | _ | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart may occur outside the supplied sentence. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-PTCL | _ | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-CC | _ | 5 Ἀθηναίων | cc | high | Coordinates the two ethnic genitives. |
| 5 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἡγεμόσι | conj | high | |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἡγεμόσι | det | high | |
| 7 | ἡγεμόσι | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | obl | high | Dative of possession/association with ἀξίωμα ὑπῆρχεν. |
| 8 | πόλεών | πόλις | NOUN | N-GFP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀξίωμα | nmod | high | |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G-CC | _ | 10 ἀξίωμα | cc | high | Correlative/coordinating enclitic. |
| 10 | ἀξίωμα | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ὑπῆρχεν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | G-PREP | _ | 13 παλαιοῦ | case | high | |
| 13 | παλαιοῦ | παλαιός | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter genitive, ‘from of old’; ἐκ governs the genitive. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-CC | _ | 19 ἦσαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate. |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 στρατιῶται | det | high | |
| 16 | στρατιῶται | στρατιώτης | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | φρονήματός | φρόνημα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἔχοντες | obj | medium | Genitive object with ἔχοντες; token accent/orthography is compatible with genitive singular. |
| 18 | τι | τις | PRON | X-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 φρονήματός | det | high | Indefinite modifier of φρονήματός. |
| 19 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | conj | high | Finite auxiliary of the periphrastic imperfect with ἔχοντες. |
| 20 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicative participle forming a periphrastic imperfect with ἦσαν. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ὑπῆρχεν | punct | high |
Θηβαίους δὲ Ἐπαμινώνδας ἀθύμους τὰς γνώμας καὶ ἄλλων ἀκούειν εἰωθότας ἀπέφηνεν ἐν οὐ πολλῷ πρωτεύοντας.
The sentence contains a compressed accusative predicative construction: Θηβαίους is the accusative subject, with ἀθύμους, εἰωθότας ἀκούειν, and πρωτεύοντας forming coordinated or nested predicates; attachment of ἀθύμους and πρωτεύοντας is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | obj | high | Accusative subject-like object of ἀπέφηνεν in the infinitival/predicative construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N--Pmn-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | nsubj | high | Nominative agent/subject of ἀπέφηνεν. |
| 4 | ἀθύμους | ἄθυμος | ADJ | A-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Θηβαίους | conj | medium | Predicative accusative adjective coordinated with the participial predicate; agrees with Θηβαίους. |
| 5 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | S---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 γνώμας | det | high | Article modifying γνώμας. |
| 6 | γνώμας | γνώμη | NOUN | N---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἀθύμους | obl | medium | Accusative of respect with ἀθύμους, ‘despondent in their judgments/resolutions’. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 ἀκούειν | cc | high | Coordinates the participial/adjectival predicates. |
| 8 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀκούειν | obl | high | Genitive with ἀκούειν, ‘hear from others’. |
| 9 | ἀκούειν | ἀκούω | VERB | V--pan--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 εἰωθότας | xcomp | medium | Infinitive governed by εἰωθότας, with Θηβαίους understood as its subject. |
| 10 | εἰωθότας | εἴωθα | VERB | V--rapm- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἀθύμους | conj | medium | Perfect participle, coordinated predicatively with ἀθύμους; syntax is compressed. |
| 11 | ἀπέφηνεν | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V-3siai--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite root verb. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 πρωτεύοντας | case | high | Preposition governing πολλῷ. |
| 13 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T--------- | _ | 14 πολλῷ | advmod | high | Negates πολλῷ. |
| 14 | πολλῷ | πολύς | ADJ | A---ndm- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 πρωτεύοντας | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν in the temporal/degree expression ἐν οὐ πολλῷ. |
| 15 | πρωτεύοντας | πρωτεύω | VERB | V-pppama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 εἰωθότας | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative participle, likely ‘being foremost’; dependent within the compressed construction. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἀπέφηνεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |