Grammar parses for passage 8.25.1
Open translation for this passage
ἐς δὲ Θέλπουσαν ἰόντι ἐκ Ψωφῖδος πρῶτα μὲν χωρίον Τρόπαιά ἐστιν ὀνομαζόμενον ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τοῦ Λάδωνος, Τροπαίων δὲ ἔχεται δρυμὸς Ἀφροδίσιον· τρίτα δέ ἐστιν ἀρχαῖα ἐν στήλῃ γράμματα, ὅροι Ψωφιδίοις πρὸς τὴν Θελπουσίαν χώραν.
The passage consists of three loosely coordinated clauses; ὅροι Ψωφιδίοις πρὸς τὴν Θελπουσίαν χώραν is best taken as an appositional/restative phrase to γράμματα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Pp | Case=Acc | 11 ἐστιν | case | high | Preposition governing Θέλπουσαν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G | _ | 11 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Θέλπουσαν | Θέλπουσα | PROPN | N--s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | obl | high | Object of motion with ἐς. |
| 4 | ἰόντι | εἶμι | VERB | Vpp-samd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Dative participle dependent on the implied traveler. |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | Case=Gen | 6 Ψωφῖδος | case | high | Preposition governing Ψωφῖδος. |
| 6 | Ψωφῖδος | Ψώφις | PROPN | N--s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἰόντι | obl | high | Complement of ἐκ. |
| 7 | πρῶτα | πρῶτος | ADV | Df | _ | 11 ἐστιν | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial 'first'; could be neuter accusative used adverbially. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 7 πρῶτα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 9 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N--s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 10 | Τρόπαιά | Τρόπαια | PROPN | N--p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 χωρίον | appos | medium | Apposition to χωρίον; form may be proper name. |
| 11 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3spia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root of first clause. |
| 12 | ὀνομαζόμενον | ὀνομάζω | VERB | Vpp-sppna- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 χωρίον | acl | high | Participial modifier of χωρίον. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | Case=Dat | 14 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | Preposition governing ἀριστερᾷ. |
| 14 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A--s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | obl | high | Locative phrase with ἐν. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | To-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Λάδωνος | det | high | Article modifying Λάδωνος. |
| 16 | Λάδωνος | Λάδων | PROPN | N--s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀριστερᾷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἀριστερᾷ, likely 'left of Ladon'. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | Τροπαίων | Τροπαῖος | NOUN | N--s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἔχεται | nsubj | medium | Genitive with ἔχεται; construction somewhat uncertain. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G | _ | 20 ἔχεται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 20 | ἔχεται | ἔχω | VERB | V-3spim-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 11 ἐστιν | conj | high | Second main predicate. |
| 21 | δρυμὸς | δρυμός | NOUN | N--s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἔχεται | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχεται. |
| 22 | Ἀφροδίσιον | Ἀφροδίσιος | ADJ | A--s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 δρυμὸς | amod | medium | Could be a substantivized name modifying δρυμός. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 24 | τρίτα | τρίτος | ADV | Df | _ | 26 ἐστιν | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial 'thirdly'. |
| 25 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | G | _ | 26 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 26 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3spia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of third clause. |
| 27 | ἀρχαῖα | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A--p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 γράμματα | amod | high | Modifier of γράμματα. |
| 28 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | Case=Dat | 29 στήλῃ | case | high | Preposition governing στήλῃ. |
| 29 | στήλῃ | στήλη | NOUN | N--s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 γράμματα | nmod | high | Locative/instrumental phrase with γράμματα. |
| 30 | γράμματα | γράμμα | NOUN | N--p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 32 | ὅροι | ὅρος | NOUN | N--p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἐστιν | appos | high | Apposition/explanatory restatement of γράμματα. |
| 33 | Ψωφιδίοις | Ψωφίδιοι | PROPN | N--p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ὅροι | iobj | medium | Likely dative of reference/advantage with ὅροι. |
| 34 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | Case=Acc | 36 Θελπουσίαν | case | high | Preposition governing Θελπουσίαν. |
| 35 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | To-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 37 χώραν | det | high | Article modifying χώραν. |
| 36 | Θελπουσίαν | Θελπουσία | ADJ | A--s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 χώραν | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of χώραν. |
| 37 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N--s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ὅροι | nmod | high | Object of πρός, dependent on ὅροι. |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐν δὲ τῇ γῇ τῇ Θελπουσίᾳ ποταμός ἐστιν Ἄρσην καλούμενος· τοῦτον οὖν διαβήσῃ καὶ ὅσον πέντε ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σταδίοις ἀφίξῃ καὶ εἴκοσι ἐπὶ ἐρείπια Καοῦντος κώμης ὃ καὶ ἱερὸν Ἀσκληπιοῦ Καουσίου πεποιημένον ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ.
The syntax is somewhat elliptical after the first clause; the travel directions use coordinated finite verbs, and the relative clause at the end is attached conservatively to the nearest appropriate noun phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 4 γῇ | case | high | Preposition with dative phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 7 ποταμός | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 γῇ | det | high | Article modifying γῇ. |
| 4 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ποταμός | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Θελπουσίᾳ | det | high | Article modifying Θελπουσίᾳ. |
| 6 | Θελπουσίᾳ | Θελπουσία | PROPN | Ne | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 γῇ | amod | medium | Probably an adjectival toponym modifying γῇ. |
| 7 | ποταμός | ποταμός | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 8 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predication. |
| 9 | Ἄρσην | Ἄρσην | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ποταμός | appos | high | Apposition to ποταμός. |
| 10 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | V- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 ποταμός | acl | high | Participial modifier of ποταμός. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | Pd | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 14 διαβήσῃ | obj | high | Object of διαβήσῃ. |
| 13 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G | _ | 14 διαβήσῃ | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 14 | διαβήσῃ | διαβαίνω | VERB | V- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἐστιν | conj | medium | Likely a subordinate/jussive future-form context in travel instructions. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 21 ἀφίξῃ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 16 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἀφίξῃ | advmod | medium | Extent/distance expression modifying ἀφίξῃ. |
| 17 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | M- | NumType=Card | 20 σταδίοις | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying σταδίοις. |
| 18 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 21 ἀφίξῃ | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 19 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | Pd | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἀφίξῃ | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἀπό; reference to the river. |
| 20 | σταδίοις | στάδιον | NOUN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἀφίξῃ | obl | high | Dative of measure/distance. |
| 21 | ἀφίξῃ | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 14 διαβήσῃ | conj | medium | Coordinated with διαβήσῃ. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 14 διαβήσῃ | cc | high | Connects verbs. |
| 23 | εἴκοσι | εἴκοσι | NUM | M- | NumType=Card | 25 ἐρείπια | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying ἐρείπια. |
| 24 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 25 ἐρείπια | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 25 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 διαβήσῃ | obl | medium | Goal/endpoint phrase depending on construction. |
| 26 | Καοῦντος | Καοῦντος | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 κώμης | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of κώμης. |
| 27 | κώμης | κώμη | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἐρείπια | nmod | medium | Likely dependent on ἐρείπια as part of the place description. |
| 28 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | Pc | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 33 πεποιημένον | obj | medium | Relative pronoun introducing clause. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 30 ἱερὸν | cc | high | Adds emphasis/coordination. |
| 30 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 πεποιημένον | xcomp | medium | Predicate-like complement with πεποιημένον. |
| 31 | Ἀσκληπιοῦ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν. |
| 32 | Καουσίου | Καούσιος | PROPN | A- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 Ἀσκληπιοῦ | amod | medium | Adjectival ethnic/toponymic modifier. |
| 33 | πεποιημένον | ποιέω | VERB | V- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 27 κώμης | acl | high | Participial modifier of κώμης/ἐρείπια, depending on interpretation. |
| 34 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 36 ὁδῷ | case | high | Preposition with dative phrase. |
| 35 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 36 ὁδῷ | det | high | Article modifying ὁδῷ. |
| 36 | ὁδῷ | ὁδός | NOUN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 πεποιημένον | obl | high | Locative phrase modifying πεποιημένον. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |