Grammar parses for passage 8.25.8
Open translation for this passage
ἐπάγονται δὲ ἐξ Ἰλιάδος ἔπη καὶ ἐκ Θηβαΐδος μαρτύριά σφισιν εἶναι τῷ λόγῳ,
The subject of ἐπάγονται is implicit; ἔπη and μαρτύριά are coordinated accusative subjects/predicative material of εἶναι, with σφισιν dative of reference and τῷ λόγῳ dative of respect or reference. The accent in μαρτύριά likely reflects a crasis/orthographic form for μαρτύρια.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπάγονται | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-3PPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb; implicit subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπάγονται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Ἰλιάδος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 4 | Ἰλιάδος | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔπη | nmod | high | Title/name of the Iliad. |
| 5 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-ANP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπάγονται | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἐπάγονται; also coordinated with μαρτύρια as material cited. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 μαρτύριά | cc | high | Coordinates the two cited accusative nouns. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Θηβαΐδος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 8 | Θηβαΐδος | Θηβαΐς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μαρτύριά | nmod | high | Title/name of the Thebaid. |
| 9 | μαρτύριά | μαρτύριον | NOUN | N-ANP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἔπη | conj | medium | Likely μαρτύρια, coordinated with ἔπη; accusative material cited. |
| 10 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 11 εἶναι | iobj | high | Dative of reference with εἶναι. |
| 11 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 μαρτύριά | xcomp | medium | Infinitive in an accusative-and-infinitive construction; ἔπη/μαρτύρια function as its understood accusative subject. |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λόγῳ | det | high | Article agreeing with λόγῳ. |
| 13 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἶναι | obl | medium | Dative of respect/reference, ‘in relation to the account’. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπάγονται | punct | high |
ἐν μὲν Ἰλιάδι ἐς αὐτὸν Ἀρείονα πεποιῆσθαι, οὐδʼ εἴ κεν μετόπισθεν Ἀρείονα δῖον ἐλαύνοι, Ἀδρήστου ταχὺν ἵππον, ὃς ἐκ θεόφιν γένος ἦεν·
The sentence is an elliptical reported construction centered on πεποιῆσθαι; the εἰ-clause with optative ἐλαύνοι is coordinated by οὐδέ and functions as a contrasting conditional qualification.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat | 3 Ἰλιάδι | case | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 7 πεποιῆσθαι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | Ἰλιάδι | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | N-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πεποιῆσθαι | obl | high | Dat. with ἐν. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 5 αὐτὸν | case | high | |
| 5 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 7 πεποιῆσθαι | obl | medium | Refers to the horse; governed by ἐς. |
| 6 | Ἀρείονα | Ἀρείων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πεποιῆσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 7 | πεποιῆσθαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-RAMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect middle infinitive in an elliptical reported construction. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 πεποιῆσθαι | punct | high | |
| 9 | οὐδʼ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐλαύνοι | cc | high | Elided οὐδέ. |
| 10 | εἴ | εἰ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐλαύνοι | mark | high | |
| 11 | κεν | κε | PART | PART | _ | 15 ἐλαύνοι | aux | medium | Modal particle with the optative. |
| 12 | μετόπισθεν | μετόπισθεν | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 ἐλαύνοι | advmod | high | |
| 13 | Ἀρείονα | Ἀρείων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐλαύνοι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐλαύνω. |
| 14 | δῖον | δῖος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀρείονα | amod | high | |
| 15 | ἐλαύνοι | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-POA-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 πεποιῆσθαι | advcl | high | Optative in the εἰ clause. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 15 ἐλαύνοι | punct | high | |
| 17 | Ἀδρήστου | Ἄδρηστος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἵππον | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 18 | ταχὺν | ταχύς | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἵππον | amod | high | |
| 19 | ἵππον | ἵππος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐλαύνοι | obj | high | Second object/appositional specification with Ἀρείονα. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 19 ἵππον | punct | high | |
| 21 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | R-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 25 ἦεν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to ἵππον/Ἀρείονα. |
| 22 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 23 θεόφιν | case | high | |
| 23 | θεόφιν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 25 ἦεν | obl | medium | Epic/poetic genitive plural form with -φιν; gender is morphologically indeterminate here. |
| 24 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἦεν | nsubj | high | Predicate-subject noun in the relative clause. |
| 25 | ἦεν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 πεποιῆσθαι | acl:rel | high | Epic imperfect of εἰμί. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 πεποιῆσθαι | punct | high |
Hom. Il. 23.346
The input is a bibliographic citation rather than a Greek syntactic sentence; tokenization splits the citation into individual letters, punctuation, and the numeral.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | _ | _ | 8 23.346 | nmod | low | Likely first character of the author name Homer; token is not a complete Greek word. |
| 2 | o | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | _ | _ | 1 H | flat | low | Likely character sequence from the author name Homer; impossible to assign independent Greek morphology. |
| 3 | m | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | _ | _ | 1 H | flat | low | Likely character sequence from the author name Homer; impossible to assign independent Greek morphology. |
| 4 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 H | punct | high | |
| 5 | I | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | _ | _ | 8 23.346 | nmod | low | Likely first character of the work title Iliad; token is not a complete Greek word. |
| 6 | l | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | _ | _ | 5 I | flat | low | Likely character sequence from the work title Iliad; impossible to assign independent Greek morphology. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 I | punct | high | |
| 8 | 23.346 | 23.346 | NUM | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | root | high | Book-and-line citation; treated as the root of the bibliographic fragment. |
ἐν δὲ τῇ Θηβαΐδι ὡς Ἄδραστος ἔφευγεν ἐκ Θηβῶν εἵματα λυγρὰ φέρων σὺν Ἀρείονι κυανοχαίτῃ.
ὡς introduces a temporal/relative subordinate clause; Ἄδραστος is its subject and ἔφευγεν its imperfect predicate. εἵματα is the object of φέρων, with λυγρὰ agreeing; κυανοχαίτῃ is an attributive epithet of Ἀρείονι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat | 4 Θηβαΐδι | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἔφευγεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Θηβαΐδι | det | high | |
| 4 | Θηβαΐδι | Θηβαΐς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔφευγεν | obl | high | Locative dative, 'in the Thebaid'. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἔφευγεν | mark | medium | Temporal/subordinating ὡς. |
| 6 | Ἄδραστος | Ἄδραστος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔφευγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἔφευγεν | φεύγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect may be iterative or backgrounded. |
| 8 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 9 Θηβῶν | case | high | |
| 9 | Θηβῶν | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἔφευγεν | obl | high | Source complement of ἔφευγεν. |
| 10 | εἵματα | εἷμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 φέρων | obj | high | |
| 11 | λυγρὰ | λυγρός | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 εἵματα | amod | high | |
| 12 | φέρων | φέρω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἔφευγεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle sharing Ἄδραστος as subject. |
| 13 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat | 14 Ἀρείονι | case | high | |
| 14 | Ἀρείονι | Ἀρείων | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 φέρων | obl | high | Comitative complement of φέρων. |
| 15 | κυανοχαίτῃ | κυανοχαίτης | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἀρείονι | amod | high | Attributive epithet agreeing with Ἀρείονι. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔφευγεν | punct | high |
Thebaid, unknown location.
The supplied tokens spell an English gloss-like phrase rather than a Greek sentence; tokenization is character-level, so lexical and syntactic analysis is necessarily uncertain. The initial sequence is treated as a proper name and the remainder as an appositive description.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | T | Thebaid | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | low | Character-level token; reconstructed as the name Thebaid. |
| 2 | h | Thebaid | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 T | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed proper name. |
| 3 | e | Thebaid | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 T | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed proper name. |
| 4 | b | Thebaid | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 T | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed proper name. |
| 5 | a | Thebaid | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 T | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed proper name. |
| 6 | i | Thebaid | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 T | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed proper name. |
| 7 | d | Thebaid | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 T | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed proper name. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 T | punct | high | |
| 9 | u | unknown | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 T | appos | low | Character-level token; reconstructed as part of English descriptor. |
| 10 | n | unknown | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 u | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed descriptor. |
| 11 | k | unknown | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 u | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed descriptor. |
| 12 | n | unknown | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 u | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed descriptor. |
| 13 | o | unknown | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 u | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed descriptor. |
| 14 | w | unknown | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 u | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed descriptor. |
| 15 | n | unknown | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 u | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed descriptor. |
| 16 | l | location | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 u | nmod | low | Character-level token; reconstructed as part of English noun phrase. |
| 17 | o | location | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 l | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed noun. |
| 18 | c | location | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 l | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed noun. |
| 19 | a | location | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 l | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed noun. |
| 20 | t | location | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 l | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed noun. |
| 21 | i | location | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 l | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed noun. |
| 22 | o | location | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 l | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed noun. |
| 23 | n | location | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 l | flat | low | Character-level continuation of reconstructed noun. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 T | punct | high |
αἰνίσσεσθαι οὖν ἐθέλουσι τὰ ἔπη Ποσειδῶνα Ἀρείονι εἶναι πατέρα, Ἀντίμαχος δὲ παῖδα εἶναι Γῆς φησιν·
Infinitival construction: ἐθέλουσι governs αἰνίσσεσθαι, whose content is τὰ ἔπη; within the reported interpretation, Ποσειδῶνα is accusative subject of εἶναι and Ἀρείονι is dative complement. The second clause has Ἀντίμαχος as subject of φησιν, with παῖδα as accusative predicate and Γῆς as genitive complement; εἶναι is its infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αἰνίσσεσθαι | αἰνίσσομαι | VERB | V-PNM/P | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 3 ἐθέλουσι | xcomp | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Pos | 3 ἐθέλουσι | advmod | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | ἐθέλουσι | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-||||NA | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἔπη | det | high | |
| 5 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N----NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 αἰνίσσεσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitive αἰνίσσεσθαι. |
| 6 | Ποσειδῶνα | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N--SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 7 | Ἀρείονι | Ἀρείων | PROPN | N--SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | obl | medium | Dative complement with εἶναι, likely expressing the person to whom Poseidon is father. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 αἰνίσσεσθαι | ccomp | high | |
| 9 | πατέρα | πατήρ | NOUN | N----SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Accusative predicate with infinitival εἶναι. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | u-------- | _ | 1 αἰνίσσεσθαι | punct | high | |
| 11 | Ἀντίμαχος | Ἀντίμαχος | PROPN | N---MN-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 φησιν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 φησιν | cc | high | |
| 13 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N----SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Accusative predicate with εἶναι. |
| 14 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 φησιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive dependent on φησιν. |
| 15 | Γῆς | Γῆ | PROPN | N---SFG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 παῖδα | nmod | high | Genitive complement of παῖδα, 'child of Earth'. |
| 16 | φησιν | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 αἰνίσσεσθαι | parataxis | high | |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | u-------- | _ | 16 φησιν | punct | high |