Grammar parses for passage 8.27.15
Open translation for this passage
μετὰ δὲ οὐ πολὺν χρόνον Κλεομένης ὁ Λεωνίδου Μεγαλόπολιν κατέλαβεν ἐν σπονδαῖς.
Κλεομένης is the subject of κατέλαβεν; ἐν σπονδαῖς is an instrumental/circumstantial prepositional phrase, ‘under a truce’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 5 χρόνον | case | high | With accusative χρόνον, temporal ‘after’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 κατέλαβεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 πολὺν | advmod | high | Negates πολύν. |
| 4 | πολὺν | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 χρόνον | amod | high | |
| 5 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 κατέλαβεν | obl | high | Temporal accusative. |
| 6 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 κατέλαβεν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Λεωνίδου | det | high | |
| 8 | Λεωνίδου | Λεωνίδης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Κλεομένης | appos | high | Patronymic/name in genitive; appositional to Κλεομένης. |
| 9 | Μεγαλόπολιν | Μεγαλόπολις | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κατέλαβεν | obj | high | |
| 10 | κατέλαβεν | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 12 σπονδαῖς | case | high | |
| 12 | σπονδαῖς | σπονδή | NOUN | N-DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 κατέλαβεν | obl | high | Dative plural with ἐν; circumstantial/instrumental phrase. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κατέλαβεν | punct | high |
Μεγαλοπολιτῶν δὲ οἱ μὲν ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ εὐθὺς τότε ἀμύνοντες τῇ πατρίδι ἐπεπτώκεσαν, ἔνθα καὶ Λυδιάδην ἀγωνιζόμενον ἀξίως λόγου κατέλαβεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ τὸ χρεών·
The genitive Μεγαλοπολιτῶν is a partitive/topic genitive with οἱ μέν; ἐπεπτώκεσαν is pluperfect active, while the following clause has Λυδιάδην as accusative subject of ἀγωνιζόμενον and τὸ χρεών as the subject of κατέλαβεν in an impersonal fatalistic construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεγαλοπολιτῶν | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 οἱ | nmod | high | Partitive/topic genitive with οἱ μέν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐπεπτώκεσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπεπτώκεσαν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized article, coordinated by μέν/δέ. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 3 οἱ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 νυκτὶ | case | high | Preposition governing τῇ νυκτί. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 νυκτὶ | det | high | |
| 7 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπεπτώκεσαν | obl | high | Temporal oblique. |
| 8 | εὐθὺς | εὐθύς | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 ἐπεπτώκεσαν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 ἐπεπτώκεσαν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ἀμύνοντες | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἐπεπτώκεσαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with οἱ. |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 πατρίδι | det | high | |
| 12 | πατρίδι | πατρίς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀμύνοντες | obl | high | Dative of defense or benefaction with ἀμύνω. |
| 13 | ἐπεπτώκεσαν | πίπτω | VERB | V-LAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Plup|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect form; context may favor a completed prior state, though some editions/transcriptions may normalize the tense differently. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐπεπτώκεσαν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 21 κατέλαβεν | advmod | high | Relative adverb, ‘where’; introduces the following clause. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 κατέλαβεν | advmod | high | Additive particle. |
| 17 | Λυδιάδην | Λυδιάδης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἀγωνιζόμενον | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the participial clause. |
| 18 | ἀγωνιζόμενον | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | V-PMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 21 κατέλαβεν | advcl | high | Participial clause with accusative subject Λυδιάδην. |
| 19 | ἀξίως | ἀξίως | ADV | ADV | _ | 20 λόγου | advmod | high | Adverb modifying λόγου in the idiom ἀξίως λόγου. |
| 20 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἀγωνιζόμενον | obl | medium | Genitive of comparison/measure in ‘worth mention’; attachment to the participial predication is idiomatic. |
| 21 | κατέλαβεν | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἐπεπτώκεσαν | parataxis | high | Finite verb of the ἔνθα clause. |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 μάχῃ | case | high | Preposition governing τῇ μάχῃ. |
| 23 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 24 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 κατέλαβεν | obl | high | |
| 25 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | D-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 χρεών | det | high | Article substantivizing χρεών. |
| 26 | χρεών | χρεών | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 κατέλαβεν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized necessity/fate; nominative subject of κατέλαβεν. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐπεπτώκεσαν | punct | high |
τοὺς δὲ αὐτῶν Φιλοποίμην ὁ Κραύγιδος ὅσον τε τὰ δύο μέρη τῶν ἐν ἡλικίᾳ καὶ παῖδας ἅμα ἔχων καὶ γυναῖκας διέφυγεν ἐς τὴν Μεσσηνίαν.
The accusative group τοὺς ... Φιλοποίμην is the object of διέφυγεν; Φιλοποίμην is modified by the appositional patronymic ὁ Κραύγιδος. ὅσον τε ... functions as an extent/quantifying phrase, while ἔχων coordinates the accompanying children and women; attachment of αὐτῶν is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | article-acc-m-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Φιλοποίμην | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 διέφυγεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-pers3-gen-pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 Φιλοποίμην | nmod | medium | Genitive of belonging/partitive relation; exact scope is somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | Φιλοποίμην | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | Name-acc-m-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 διέφυγεν | obj | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-m-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Κραύγιδος | det | high | Article in the appositional patronymic/name phrase. |
| 6 | Κραύγιδος | Κραύγις | PROPN | Name-gen-m-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Φιλοποίμην | appos | medium | Patronymic/genitive apposition to Φιλοποίμην; article may substantivize the name phrase. |
| 7 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | A-cor-n-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 11 μέρη | amod | medium | Quantifying relative adjective, construed with τὰ δύο μέρη. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ὅσον | cc | medium | Correlative/postpositive connective. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | article-acc-n-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 μέρη | det | high | |
| 10 | δύο | δύο | NUM | Mcard | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 11 μέρη | nummod | high | |
| 11 | μέρη | μέρος | NOUN | N-acc-n-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἔχων | obj | medium | Object of ἔχων; ὅσον τε gives an idiomatic quantifying/extent specification. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | article-gen-mp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἡλικίᾳ | det | high | |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἡλικίᾳ | case | high | |
| 14 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-dat-f-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 μέρη | nmod | high | With τῶν, specifying those of age. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἔχων | cc | high | |
| 16 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-acc-m/f-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἔχων | obj | high | Second object of ἔχων. |
| 17 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 ἔχων | advmod | high | Accompanying circumstance: together/along with. |
| 18 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-pap-act-nom-m-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 διέφυγεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the subject of διέφυγεν. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 γυναῖκας | cc | high | |
| 20 | γυναῖκας | γυνή | NOUN | N-acc-f-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ἔχων | obj | high | Coordinated second object of ἔχων. |
| 21 | διέφυγεν | διαφεύγω | VERB | V-aor-act-ind-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 Μεσσηνίαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 23 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | article-acc-f-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 Μεσσηνίαν | det | high | |
| 24 | Μεσσηνίαν | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | Name-acc-f-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 διέφυγεν | obl | high | Goal complement of ἐς. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 διέφυγεν | punct | high |