Grammar parses for passage 8.27.16
Open translation for this passage
Κλεομένης δὲ τούς τε ἐγκαταληφθέντας ἐφόνευε καὶ κατέσκαπτέ τε καὶ ἔκαιε τὴν πόλιν.
A coordinated series of imperfects shares the subject Κλεομένης; the participial phrase ἐγκαταληφθέντας is best treated as the object of ἐφόνευε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐφόνευε | nsubj | high | Subject of the verbal series. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἐφόνευε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τούς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | det | high | Article modifying the participle. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | cc | medium | Enclitic connective coordinating within the phrase. |
| 5 | ἐγκαταληφθέντας | ἐγκαταλαμβάνω | VERB | VAPP--AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 ἐφόνευε | obj | high | Accusative participle functioning as object of ἐφόνευε. |
| 6 | ἐφόνευε | φονεύω | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, coordinating with following imperfects. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 κατέσκαπτέ | cc | high | Coordinates the next predicate. |
| 8 | κατέσκαπτέ | κατασκάπτω | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 ἐφόνευε | conj | high | Coordinated imperfect verb. |
| 9 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 8 κατέσκαπτέ | cc | medium | Enclitic connective attached to the coordinated verb. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἔκαιε | cc | high | Coordinates the final predicate. |
| 11 | ἔκαιε | καίω | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 ἐφόνευε | conj | high | Coordinated imperfect verb. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 πόλιν | det | high | Article modifying πόλιν. |
| 13 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἔκαιε | obj | high | Direct object of ἔκαιε. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐφόνευε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Μεγαλοπολῖται μὲν δὴ τρόπον ὁποῖον ἀνεσώσαντο τὴν αὑτῶν καὶ ὁποῖα κατελθοῦσιν αὖθις ἐπράχθη σφίσι, δηλώσει τοῦ λόγου μοι τὰ ἐς Φιλοποίμενα·
The sentence is heavily parenthetical and ellipted; the main clause δηλώσει ... τὰ ἐς Φιλοποίμενα is interrupted by two temporal/relative subordinate clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεγαλοπολῖται | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 δηλώσει | nsubj | high | Subject of δηλώσει. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 1 Μεγαλοπολῖται | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 16 δηλώσει | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνεσώσαντο | obj | high | Accusative of manner with ὁποῖον. |
| 5 | ὁποῖον | ὁποῖος | ADJ | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τρόπον | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of τρόπον. |
| 6 | ἀνεσώσαντο | ἀνασώζω | VERB | V-3PAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 16 δηλώσει | advcl | medium | Finite subordinate clause; exact linkage slightly uncertain. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 αὑτῶν | det | high | Article with αὑτῶν used substantively/elliptically. |
| 8 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | X-P---G- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 4 τρόπον | nmod | medium | Reflexive possessive/genitive dependent on τρόπον/ellipsis; syntax compressed. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἀνεσώσαντο | cc | high | Connects the paired subordinate clause. |
| 10 | ὁποῖα | ὁποῖος | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπράχθη | nsubj:pass | medium | Likely subject of ἐπράχθη with neuter plural agreement. |
| 11 | κατελθοῦσιν | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 ἐπράχθη | advcl | medium | Participial clause modifying ἐπράχθη; case/attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 12 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἐπράχθη | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐπράχθη. |
| 13 | ἐπράχθη | πράσσω | VERB | V-3API-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 16 δηλώσει | advcl | high | Passive finite clause subordinate to δηλώσει. |
| 14 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | p-p---d- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 ἐπράχθη | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/recipient with passive verb. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 δηλώσει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | δηλώσει | δηλόω | VERB | V-3SFI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb: 'will make clear / will show'. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 λόγου | det | high | Article with λόγου. |
| 18 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 δηλώσει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of δηλώσει. |
| 19 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-S---1D- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 16 δηλώσει | iobj | high | Dative of person affected. |
| 20 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 Φιλοποίμενα | det | high | Article with Φιλοποίμενα. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 Φιλοποίμενα | case | high | Preposition governing Φιλοποίμενα. |
| 22 | Φιλοποίμενα | Φιλοποίμεν | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 λόγου | nmod | medium | Phrase ‘the matters concerning/into Philopoemen’; attached to λόγου. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 δηλώσει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ τῷ δήμῳ τοῦ τῶν Μεγαλοπολιτῶν παθήματος μέτεστιν αἰτίας οὐδέν, ὅτι σφίσιν ἐκ βασιλείας μετέστησεν ἐς τυραννίδα ὁ Κλεομένης τὴν πολιτείαν.
The first clause is elliptical/compressed: μέτεστιν takes a dative and a genitive complement, while οὐδέν is best treated as an adverbial accusative modifying the predication.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 μέτεστιν | nsubj | medium | Genitive dependent of μέτεστιν; likely possessor/pertaining to the subject reference. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 μέτεστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-с---d-s- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 δήμῳ | det | high | Article with δήμῳ. |
| 4 | δήμῳ | δῆμος | NOUN | N-DS---MN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 μέτεστιν | iobj | high | Dative with μέτεστιν. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-с---g-s- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 παθήματος | det | high | Article with παθήματος. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-p---g-p- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Μεγαλοπολιτῶν | det | high | Article with Μεγαλοπολιτῶν. |
| 7 | Μεγαλοπολιτῶν | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 παθήματος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of παθήματος. |
| 8 | παθήματος | πάθημα | NOUN | N-NS---NN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 αἰτίας | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of αἰτίας. |
| 9 | μέτεστιν | μέτεστι(ν) | VERB | V3SPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause predicate. |
| 10 | αἰτίας | αἰτία | NOUN | N-NS---FN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μέτεστιν | obj | high | Partitive/complementary genitive with μέτεστιν. |
| 11 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-NS---NN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 μέτεστιν | obj | medium | Likely adverbial accusative of extent/degree with αἰτίας; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 μέτεστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 μετέστησεν | mark | high | Introduces causal clause. |
| 14 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P3DP---D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 μετέστησεν | iobj | high | Dative of interest with μετέστησεν. |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 βασιλείας | case | high | Preposition governing βασιλείας. |
| 16 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 μετέστησεν | obl | high | Goal/source phrase with ἐκ. |
| 17 | μετέστησεν | μεθίστημι | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 μέτεστιν | advcl | high | Causal subordinate clause. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 τυραννίδα | case | high | Preposition governing τυραννίδα. |
| 19 | τυραννίδα | τυραννίς | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 μετέστησεν | obl | high | Goal with ἐς. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Κλεομένης | det | high | Article with Κλεομένης. |
| 21 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 μετέστησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of μετέστησεν. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 πολιτείαν | det | high | Article with πολιτείαν. |
| 23 | πολιτείαν | πολιτεία | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 μετέστησεν | obj | high | Direct object of μετέστησεν. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 μέτεστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |