Grammar parses for passage 8.27.16
Open translation for this passage
Κλεομένης δὲ τούς τε ἐγκαταληφθέντας ἐφόνευε καὶ κατέσκαπτέ τε καὶ ἔκαιε τὴν πόλιν.
Κλεομένης is the subject; the coordinated imperfect verbs govern τούς ἐγκαταληφθέντας as their shared object, with τε...τε...καί coordination. The participle is parsed as substantivized accusative masculine plural.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N------S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐφόνευε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐφόνευε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τούς | ὁ | DET | T----AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | det | high | |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐφόνευε | cc | high | First member of τε...τε...καί coordination. |
| 5 | ἐγκαταληφθέντας | ἐγκαταλείπω | VERB | VPRPAM-P-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 ἐφόνευε | obj | high | Substantivized participle, coordinated as the shared object of the verbs. |
| 6 | ἐφόνευε | φονεύω | VERB | V3IIAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 κατέσκαπτέ | cc | high | Coordinates the following verb with ἐφόνευε. |
| 8 | κατέσκαπτέ | κατασκάπτω | VERB | V3IIAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 ἐφόνευε | conj | high | |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 κατέσκαπτέ | cc | high | Pairs with token 4 in broader coordination. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἔκαιε | cc | high | Coordinates the final verb. |
| 11 | ἔκαιε | καίω | VERB | V3IIAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 ἐφόνευε | conj | high | |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----AF-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 13 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-----AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἔκαιε | obj | high | Object of ἔκαιε. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 6 ἐφόνευε | punct | high |
Μεγαλοπολῖται μὲν δὴ τρόπον ὁποῖον ἀνεσώσαντο τὴν αὑτῶν καὶ ὁποῖα κατελθοῦσιν αὖθις ἐπράχθη σφίσι, δηλώσει τοῦ λόγου μοι τὰ ἐς Φιλοποίμενα·
The sentence has an elliptical/complex construction: Μεγαλοπολῖται is the topical subject, δηλώσει is future ‘will show’ with τὰ ἐς Φιλοποίμενα as object; τρόπον introduces the manner content, while ὁποῖα κατελθοῦσιν ἐπράχθη σφίσι is a relative clause with a dative participial reference. The attachment of μοι is interpreted as ethical dative with δηλώσει.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεγαλοπολῖται | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N--PNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 δηλώσει | nsubj | high | Topical subject of δηλώσει. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 1 Μεγαλοπολῖται | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart is not overtly expressed. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 16 δηλώσει | discourse | high | Emphasizing particle. |
| 4 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνεσώσαντο | obl | medium | Accusative of manner, introducing the manner in which they saved their city. |
| 5 | ὁποῖον | ὁποῖος | ADJ | A--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τρόπον | acl:relcl | medium | Relative adjective agreeing with τρόπον; the clause is formally elliptical in its predicate complement. |
| 6 | ἀνεσώσαντο | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V--AMI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 16 δηλώσει | ccomp | medium | First content clause under the general statement of what will be shown. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 αὑτῶν | det | high | Article with αὑτῶν. |
| 8 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P--GFM3P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 6 ἀνεσώσαντο | obj | medium | Reflexive possessive genitive, with τὴν understood as modifying an omitted feminine object such as πατρίδα. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐπράχθη | cc | high | Coordinates the two events. |
| 10 | ὁποῖα | ὁποῖος | ADJ | A--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπράχθη | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural relative adjective functioning substantivally as subject of ἐπράχθη; number mismatch with singular passive verb reflects collective/eventive usage or textual syntax. |
| 11 | κατελθοῦσιν | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V--AAPMP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἐπράχθη | obl | high | Dative aorist participle, temporal/circumstantial: after their return. |
| 12 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἐπράχθη | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the event of ἐπράχθη. |
| 13 | ἐπράχθη | πράσσω | VERB | V--API3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 16 δηλώσει | ccomp | medium | Second coordinated content clause; singular passive with neuter plural ὁποῖα is syntactically irregular or collective. |
| 14 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P---D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 13 ἐπράχθη | iobj | high | Dative of affected persons. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 δηλώσει | punct | high | |
| 16 | δηλώσει | δηλόω | VERB | V--FAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate: ‘will show’. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 λόγου | det | high | Article with λόγου. |
| 18 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 δηλώσει | obl | medium | Genitive of respect or partitive relation: ‘in the account/discussion’. |
| 19 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P---D1S | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 16 δηλώσει | iobj | medium | Ethical/recipient dative with δηλώσει: ‘for me/to me’. |
| 20 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 δηλώσει | obj | high | Substantival article introducing the object phrase. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 Φιλοποίμενα | case | high | Preposition governing Φιλοποίμενα. |
| 22 | Φιλοποίμενα | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 τὰ | nmod | high | Proper name in the phrase τὰ ἐς Φιλοποίμενα, ‘matters concerning Philopoemen’. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 δηλώσει | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ τῷ δήμῳ τοῦ τῶν Μεγαλοπολιτῶν παθήματος μέτεστιν αἰτίας οὐδέν, ὅτι σφίσιν ἐκ βασιλείας μετέστησεν ἐς τυραννίδα ὁ Κλεομένης τὴν πολιτείαν.
The sentence has an impersonal μέτεστιν construction: the Spartan dêmos has no share in the Megalopolitan misfortune's blame; ὅτι introduces the reason, with Κλεομένης as subject of μετέστησεν and πολιτείαν as its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 δήμῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δήμῳ, identifying the Spartan people. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 9 μέτεστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 δήμῳ | det | high | |
| 4 | δήμῳ | δῆμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 μέτεστιν | iobj | high | Dative experiencer/possessor with μέτεστιν. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 παθήματος | det | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Μεγαλοπολιτῶν | det | high | |
| 7 | Μεγαλοπολιτῶν | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 παθήματος | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the Megalopolitans. |
| 8 | παθήματος | πάθημα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 μέτεστιν | obl | high | Genitive of the matter/partitive construction with μέτεστιν. |
| 9 | μέτεστιν | μέτειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal verb meaning 'there is a share/part'. |
| 10 | αἰτίας | αἰτία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μέτεστιν | obl | high | Genitive of content/partitive sense: no share of blame. |
| 11 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 μέτεστιν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter, construed as 'nothing'; alternatively an indeclinable accusative-like object in the idiom. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 μέτεστιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C------- | _ | 17 μετέστησεν | mark | high | Introduces the causal/content subordinate clause. |
| 14 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 μετέστησεν | iobj | high | Dative of the people affected by the political change. |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R------- | _ | 16 βασιλείας | case | high | |
| 16 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 μετέστησεν | obl | high | Source/state from which the constitution was moved. |
| 17 | μετέστησεν | μεθίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 9 μέτεστιν | advcl | high | Aorist main verb of the ὅτι clause; subject follows. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R------- | _ | 19 τυραννίδα | case | high | |
| 19 | τυραννίδα | τυραννίς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 μετέστησεν | obl | high | Goal/result state with ἐς. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Κλεομένης | det | high | |
| 21 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 μετέστησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of μετέστησεν. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 πολιτείαν | det | high | |
| 23 | πολιτείαν | πολιτεία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 μετέστησεν | obj | high | Accusative object: Cleomenes changed the constitution. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 μέτεστιν | punct | high |