Grammar parses for passage 8.35.3
Open translation for this passage
ἡ δὲ ἐς Λακεδαίμονα ἐκ Μεγάλης πόλεως ὁδὸς ἐπὶ μὲν τὸν Ἀλφειὸν στάδιοι τριάκοντά εἰσιν,
The subject ὁδός takes εἰσιν with predicate στάδιοι τριάκοντα; ἐπὶ τὸν Ἀλφειόν marks the endpoint, while the first ἐπὶ μέν phrase introduces a contrastive route segment. The exact semantic scope of μέν is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ὁδὸς | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ὁδὸς | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Λακεδαίμονα | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | Λακεδαίμονα | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | Ne----AS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὁδὸς | obl | high | |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 πόλεως | case | high | |
| 6 | Μεγάλης | μέγας | ADJ | A----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πόλεως | amod | high | Part of the place-name Μεγάλη πόλις. |
| 7 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ὁδὸς | obl | high | Source phrase ἐκ Μεγάλης πόλεως. |
| 8 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσιν. |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἀλφειὸν | case | high | With accusative, marking endpoint or direction. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 9 ἐπὶ | advmod | medium | Contrastive particle; its paired δέ is not explicit in this sentence. |
| 11 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Ἀλφειὸν | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀλφειὸν | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | Ne----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 στάδιοι | nmod | medium | Endpoint phrase; syntactically dependent on the distance predicate στάδιοι. |
| 13 | στάδιοι | στάδιον | NOUN | N----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 εἰσιν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominal expressing distance. |
| 14 | τριάκοντά | τριάκοντα | NUM | M-------- | Case=Nom|Number=Plur | 13 στάδιοι | nummod | high | Numeral agreeing syntactically with στάδιοι. |
| 15 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V---3PPAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 εἰσιν | punct | high |
ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦδε παρὰ ποταμὸν ὁδεύσας Θειοῦντα---κάτεισι δὲ καὶ ὁ Θειοῦς οὗτος ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειόν---,
The participle ὁδεύσας is coordinated with the implied subject of κάτεισι and takes Θειοῦντα as its accusative object; the parenthetical clause identifies the river Θειοῦς as flowing into the Alpheios. The dashes are punctuation tokens.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 3 τοῦδε | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 κάτεισι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦδε | ὅδε | PRON | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 ὁδεύσας | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἀπό. |
| 4 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 5 ποταμὸν | case | high | |
| 5 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὁδεύσας | obl | high | Accusative of route/place with παρά. |
| 6 | ὁδεύσας | ὁδεύω | VERB | VAAP-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 κάτεισι | advcl | high | Aorist participle, subject understood as the traveler/narrator. |
| 7 | Θειοῦντα | Θειοῦς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὁδεύσας | obj | high | River name in accusative. |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κάτεισι | punct | high | |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κάτεισι | punct | high | |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κάτεισι | punct | high | |
| 11 | κάτεισι | κάτειμι | VERB | VPAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Parenthetical finite clause: ‘this Theious also flows down’. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 κάτεισι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 κάτεισι | advmod | high | Additive adverbial καί. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Θειοῦς | det | high | |
| 15 | Θειοῦς | Θειοῦς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 κάτεισι | nsubj | high | Subject of κάτεισι. |
| 16 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 15 Θειοῦς | appos | high | Appositional demonstrative modifying/identifying Θειοῦς. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 19 Ἀλφειόν | case | high | |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Ἀλφειόν | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἀλφειόν | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 κάτεισι | obl | high | Goal/complement with ἐς. |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κάτεισι | punct | high | |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κάτεισι | punct | high | |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κάτεισι | punct | high | |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κάτεισι | punct | high |
ἀπολιπὼν οὖν τὸν Θειοῦντα ἐν ἀριστερᾷ σταδίοις ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ τεσσαράκοντα ἥξεις μάλιστα ἐς Φαλαισίας·
The aorist participle ἀπολιπών is an adverbial antecedent to ἥξεις; ἐν ἀριστερᾷ σταδίοις is understood as a left-side distance expression, with σταδίοις governed by ἐν. Φαλαισίας is the destination after ἐς; the place-name form is morphologically uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπολιπὼν | ἀπολείπω | VERB | VAAP-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 12 ἥξεις | advcl | high | Adverbial aorist participle, subject understood as the addressee. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G--- | _ | 12 ἥξεις | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Θειοῦντα | det | high | |
| 4 | Θειοῦντα | Θειοῦς | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπολιπὼν | obj | medium | Place-name accusative; lemma normalized as Θειοῦς. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--- | _ | 7 σταδίοις | case | high | |
| 6 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 σταδίοις | amod | high | Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘left side’. |
| 7 | σταδίοις | στάδιον | NOUN | N--DDN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἥξεις | obl | medium | Distance measure in an ἐν-phrase; syntactically somewhat elliptical. |
| 8 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R--- | _ | 10 Ἀλφειοῦ | case | high | |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀλφειοῦ | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἀλφειοῦ | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἥξεις | obl | high | Source point for the distance expression. |
| 11 | τεσσαράκοντα | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 7 σταδίοις | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying σταδίοις. |
| 12 | ἥξεις | ἥκω | VERB | VFAI-S2P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Future|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Superl | 12 ἥξεις | advmod | high | Approximating adverb, ‘about/very nearly’. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--- | _ | 15 Φαλαισίας | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 15 | Φαλαισίας | Φαλαισία | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἥξεις | obl | low | Destination place-name; surface form and lemma/case analysis are uncertain. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἥξεις | punct | high |
ἀπέχουσι δὲ αἱ Φαλαισίαι σταδίους εἴκοσι τοῦ Ἑρμαίου τοῦ κατὰ Βελεμίναν.
The subject Φαλαισίαι is feminine plural; ἀπέχουσι means ‘are distant’ and takes a measure accusative σταδίους εἴκοσι, with τοῦ Ἑρμαίου τοῦ κατὰ Βελεμίναν specifying the landmark. The exact syntactic attachment of the second τοῦ is treated as attributive relative/locative identification.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπέχουσι | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | 粒 | _ | 1 ἀπέχουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 Φαλαισίαι | det | high | |
| 4 | Φαλαισίαι | Φαλαισίαι | PROPN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπέχουσι | nsubj | high | Place-name; lemma retained in the attested plural form. |
| 5 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπέχουσι | obl | high | Measure accusative expressing distance. |
| 6 | εἴκοσι | εἴκοσι | NUM | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur | 5 σταδίους | nummod | high | Numeral agreeing syntactically with the measure expression. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἑρμαίου | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἑρμαίου | Ἑρμαῖος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπέχουσι | nmod | high | Genitive landmark governed by the distance construction. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 κατὰ | det | medium | Second article introduces the identifying κατά-phrase; attachment can also be analyzed as appositional to Ἑρμαίου. |
| 10 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P-GEN | AdpType=Prep | 11 Βελεμίναν | case | high | |
| 11 | Βελεμίναν | Βελεμίνα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἑρμαίου | nmod | medium | Proper place-name in the κατά phrase; the second article is analyzed as a substantivizing/identifying article. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέχουσι | punct | high |