Grammar parses for passage 8.46.4
Open translation for this passage
Κυζικηνοί τε, ἀναγκάσαντες πολέμῳ Προκοννησίους γενέσθαι σφίσι συνοίκους, Μητρὸς Δινδυμήνης ἄγαλμα ἔλαβον ἐκ Προκοννήσου·
The participial clause ἀναγκάσαντες ... γενέσθαι has Κυζικηνοί as its understood subject; πολέμῳ is an instrumental dative, and σφίσι is the dative complement of συνοίκους. The infinitive γενέσθαι takes Προκοννησίους as accusative subject and συνοίκους as predicate accusative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κυζικηνοί | Κυζικηνός | PROPN | N--pmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἔλαβον | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | --------- | _ | 1 Κυζικηνοί | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 4 ἀναγκάσαντες | punct | high | |
| 4 | ἀναγκάσαντες | ἀναγκάζω | VERB | V--sapmnom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 ἔλαβον | advcl | high | Aorist participle agreeing with Κυζικηνοί. |
| 5 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--sdm- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀναγκάσαντες | obl | medium | Instrumental/means dative: by war. |
| 6 | Προκοννησίους | Προκοννήσιος | PROPN | N--pma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 7 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--anm--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 4 ἀναγκάσαντες | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἀναγκάσαντες. |
| 8 | σφίσι | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P--3pd-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 9 συνοίκους | obl | medium | Reflexive dative, referring to the Κυζικηνοί. |
| 9 | συνοίκους | σύνοικος | ADJ | A--pma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with γενέσθαι. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 4 ἀναγκάσαντες | punct | high | |
| 11 | Μητρὸς | μήτηρ | NOUN | N--sfg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα. |
| 12 | Δινδυμήνης | Δινδυμήνη | PROPN | N--sfg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Μητρὸς | nmod | high | Proper-name genitive in apposition/specification to Μητρός. |
| 13 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--san- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἔλαβον | obj | high | |
| 14 | ἔλαβον | λαμβάνω | VERB | V--saia3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 16 Προκοννήσου | case | high | |
| 16 | Προκοννήσου | Προκόννησος | PROPN | N--sgf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔλαβον | obl | high | Source expressed by ἐκ plus genitive. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 14 ἔλαβον | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμά ἐστι χρυσοῦ, καὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ πρόσωπον ἀντὶ ἐλέφαντος ἵππων τῶν ποταμίων ὀδόντες εἰσὶν εἰργασμένοι.
The copula ἐστι links ἄγαλμα to χρυσοῦ (material genitive); εἰργασμένοι is a plural predicate agreeing with ὀδόντες, with αὐτοῦ specifying the statue's face and ἀντί governing ἐλέφαντος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἄγαλμά | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄγαλμά | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | NPNNS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Final accent may reflect following enclitic/copular context. |
| 4 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | χρυσοῦ | χρυσός | NOUN | NGSNS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | obl | high | Material genitive. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 εἰσὶν | cc | high | |
| 8 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | RP3GMS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πρόσωπον | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive, referring to the statue. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 πρόσωπον | det | high | |
| 10 | πρόσωπον | πρόσωπον | NOUN | NPNNS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσιν εἰργασμένοι in the surface coordination, though semantic construction is elliptical/complex. |
| 11 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ἐλέφαντος | case | high | |
| 12 | ἐλέφαντος | ἐλέφας | NOUN | NGSMS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 εἰργασμένοι | obl | high | Object of ἀντί; interpreted as ivory/elephant material. |
| 13 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | NGPMS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὀδόντες | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὀδόντες. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA---GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ποταμίων | det | high | |
| 15 | ποταμίων | ποτάμιος | ADJ | AOGPMS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἵππων | amod | high | |
| 16 | ὀδόντες | ὀδούς | NOUN | NPNMP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 εἰργασμένοι | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσιν εἰργασμένοι; ἵππων τῶν ποταμίων specifies the river-horses. |
| 17 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 εἰργασμένοι | cop | high | |
| 18 | εἰργασμένοι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-RMP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 ἐστι | root | high | Perfect middle/passive participle; predicate of the second coordinated clause, with εἰσίν as copula. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 εἰργασμένοι | punct | high |
βασιλεὺς μὲν δὴ Αὔγουστος καθεστηκότα ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ ὑπό τε Ἑλλήνων νομιζόμενα καὶ βαρβάρων εἰργάσατο·
The sentence has a somewhat compressed construction: βασιλεὺς Αὔγουστος is the subject, καθεστηκότα and νομιζόμενα are coordinated neuter plural accusatives understood as objects of εἰργάσατο; ὑπό + genitive marks the agents of νομιζόμενα. The participles may be substantivized or agree with an omitted neuter plural object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 εἰργάσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | g-------- | _ | 15 εἰργάσατο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | g-------- | _ | 15 εἰργάσατο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Αὔγουστος | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 εἰργάσατο | appos | high | Apposition to βασιλεὺς. |
| 5 | καθεστηκότα | καθίστημι | VERB | v-rpaanma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 εἰργάσατο | obj | medium | Substantivized or agreeing with an omitted neuter plural object. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 7 παλαιοῦ | case | high | |
| 7 | παλαιοῦ | παλαιός | ADJ | a-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 καθεστηκότα | obl | medium | Genitive after ἐκ; substantivized, ‘from of old’. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 12 νομιζόμενα | cc | high | Coordinates the participial predicates. |
| 9 | ὑπό | ὑπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 11 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | Agent marker with passive νομιζόμενα. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 9 ὑπό | cc | high | Correlative enclitic with καὶ. |
| 11 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 νομιζόμενα | obl:agent | high | |
| 12 | νομιζόμενα | νομίζω | VERB | v-pppann- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 εἰργάσατο | conj | high | Coordinated with καθεστηκότα; agent supplied by ὑπό. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 βαρβάρων | cc | high | Coordinates the two agent groups. |
| 14 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 νομιζόμενα | obl:agent | high | |
| 15 | εἰργάσατο | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | v-3sa-m- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 εἰργάσατο | punct | high |
Ῥωμαίοις δὲ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς τὸ ἄγαλμα τῆς Ἀλέας ἐς τὴν ἀγορὰν τὴν ὑπὸ Αὐγούστου ποιηθεῖσαν, ἐς ταύτην ἐστὶν ἰόντι.
Elliptical construction: τὸ ἄγαλμα is the subject/topic, with Ῥωμαίοις as a dative of reference and ἰόντι as a substantivized participle meaning ‘for one going’; ἐς ταύτην resumes the described ἀγοράν. The attachment of ἐστίν within the elliptical clause is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | NOUN | A-DatPl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἰόντι | obl | high | Dative of reference. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἰόντι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-Gsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀθηνᾶς | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-Gsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-Nsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 6 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-Nsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἐστὶν | nsubj | medium | Likely nominative subject/topic of the elliptical construction. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-Gsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀλέας | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀλέας | Ἀλέα | PROPN | N-Gsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the Athena epithet/place. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ἀγορὰν | case | high | |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-Asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀγορὰν | det | high | |
| 11 | ἀγορὰν | ἀγορά | NOUN | N-Asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγαλμα | obl | high | Goal/location phrase for the statue. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-Asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ποιηθεῖσαν | det | high | |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Αὐγούστου | case | high | Agent marker with genitive. |
| 14 | Αὐγούστου | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | N-Gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ποιηθεῖσαν | obl:agent | high | Agent of ποιηθεῖσαν. |
| 15 | ποιηθεῖσαν | ποιέω | VERB | V-APP-Afs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 11 ἀγορὰν | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying ἀγοράν. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἰόντι | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 ταύτην | case | high | |
| 18 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | D-Asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 20 ἰόντι | obl | high | Anaphoric demonstrative referring to ἀγοράν. |
| 19 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Copular/elliptical finite verb; exact clause structure is uncertain. |
| 20 | ἰόντι | εἶμι | VERB | V-PAP-Dsm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Substantivized dative participle, ‘for one going’; form may be interpreted as dative masculine singular. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐστὶν | punct | high |