Grammar parses for passage 8.49.7
Open translation for this passage
τῷ δὲ Ἀντιγόνου μὲν ὀλίγον μελήσειν ἔμελλε· περαιωσάμενος δὲ νηὶ ἐς Κρήτην---πόλεμος γὰρ κατεῖχεν αὐτὴν ἐμφύλιος--- ἐπετέτακτο ἡγεμὼν μισθοφόροις·
The sentence has a main μέλλω + infinitive clause, followed by a coordinated pluperfect clause; the middle parenthetical explains that civil war held Crete.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | article-dat-neut-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 μελήσειν | obj | medium | Dative of concern with μελήσειν; article substantivizes or agrees with an implied matter. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 7 ἔμελλε | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀντιγόνου | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | n-gen-masc-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 μελήσειν | nmod | high | Genitive with μελήσειν, indicating the person concerned. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | part | _ | 7 ἔμελλε | discourse | high | |
| 5 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADV | adv-acc-neut-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 μελήσειν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘a little’. |
| 6 | μελήσειν | μέλω | VERB | v-inf-fut-act | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 7 ἔμελλε | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to ἔμελλε. |
| 7 | ἔμελλε | μέλλω | VERB | v-ind-imperf-act-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | punct | _ | 7 ἔμελλε | punct | high | |
| 9 | περαιωσάμενος | περαιόω | VERB | v-part-aor-mid-nom-masc-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | advcl | high | Aorist middle circumstantial participle, subject understood as the main-clause subject. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | cc | high | |
| 11 | νηὶ | ναῦς | NOUN | n-dat-fem-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 περαιωσάμενος | obl | high | Means/instrument dative, ‘by ship’. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | prep-acc | _ | 13 Κρήτην | case | high | |
| 13 | Κρήτην | Κρήτη | PROPN | n-acc-fem-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 περαιωσάμενος | obl | high | Goal complement of ἐς. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | punct | _ | 17 πόλεμος | punct | high | Em dash represented as three separate hyphen tokens. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | punct | _ | 17 πόλεμος | punct | high | Em dash represented as three separate hyphen tokens. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | punct | _ | 17 πόλεμος | punct | high | Em dash represented as three separate hyphen tokens. |
| 17 | πόλεμος | πόλεμος | NOUN | n-nom-masc-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 κατεῖχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | part | _ | 19 κατεῖχεν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 19 | κατεῖχεν | κατέχω | VERB | v-ind-imperf-act-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | parataxis | high | Parenthetical explanatory clause. |
| 20 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | pron-acc-fem-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 19 κατεῖχεν | obj | high | Refers to Κρήτην. |
| 21 | ἐμφύλιος | ἐμφύλιος | ADJ | adj-nom-masc-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πόλεμος | amod | high | Predicate-like modifier: civil war. |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | punct | _ | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | punct | high | Em dash represented as three separate hyphen tokens. |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | punct | _ | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | punct | high | Em dash represented as three separate hyphen tokens. |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | punct | _ | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | punct | high | Em dash represented as three separate hyphen tokens. |
| 25 | ἐπετέτακτο | ἐπιτάσσω | VERB | v-ind-plupf-mid-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pqp|Voice=Mid | 7 ἔμελλε | conj | medium | Pluperfect middle/passive, ‘had been appointed/assigned’; coordinated continuation after the semicolon. |
| 26 | ἡγεμὼν | ἡγεμών | NOUN | n-nom-masc-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with passive ἐπετέτακτο. |
| 27 | μισθοφόροις | μισθοφόρος | ADJ | adj-dat-masc-pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | obl | high | Dative with ἡγεμών/ἐπετέτακτο, ‘over mercenaries’. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | punct | _ | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | punct | high |
ἐπανήκων δὲ ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν αὐτίκα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ᾕρητο ἄρχειν καὶ τοῦ ἱππικοῦ, καὶ σφᾶς ἀρίστους Ἑλλήνων ἀπέφαινεν ἱππεύειν.
The sentence coordinates passive ᾕρητο with ἀπέφαινεν; ἄρχειν takes the genitive τοῦ ἱππικοῦ, while σφᾶς is both the object of ἀπέφαινεν and the understood subject of ἱππεύειν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπανήκων | ἐπανήκω | VERB | V- Ptcp Act Nom Sg Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ᾕρητο | advcl | high | Present active circumstantial participle, agreeing with the understood subject of ᾕρητο/ἀπέφαινεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ᾕρητο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 πόλιν | case | high | Variant form ἐς of εἰς. |
| 4 | Μεγάλην | μέγας | ADJ | A- Acc Sg Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόλιν | amod | high | |
| 5 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N- Acc Sg Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπανήκων | obl | high | |
| 6 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 ᾕρητο | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | Agent phrase with passive ᾕρητο. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- Gen Pl Masc | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N- Gen Pl Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ᾕρητο | obl:agent | high | |
| 10 | ᾕρητο | αἱρέω | VERB | V- Plupf Mid Ind 3 Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect middle/passive form; here passive, ‘had been chosen’. |
| 11 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V- Pres Act Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ᾕρητο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ᾕρητο. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἄρχειν | cc | high | |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T- Gen Sg Neut | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἱππικοῦ | det | high | |
| 14 | ἱππικοῦ | ἱππικόν | NOUN | N- Gen Sg Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἄρχειν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the cavalry’; genitive dependent on ἄρχειν. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ᾕρητο | punct | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἀπέφαινεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate with ᾕρητο. |
| 17 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P- Acc Pl | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 20 ἀπέφαινεν | obj | high | Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun, object of ἀπέφαινεν. |
| 18 | ἀρίστους | ἄριστος | ADJ | A- Acc Pl Masc Superl | Case=Acc|Degree=Superl|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 σφᾶς | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative agreeing with σφᾶς. |
| 19 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N- Gen Pl Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀρίστους | obl | high | Partitive genitive with ἀρίστους. |
| 20 | ἀπέφαινεν | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V- Impf Act Ind 3 Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 ᾕρητο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate. |
| 21 | ἱππεύειν | ἱππεύω | VERB | V- Pres Act Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 ἀπέφαινεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἀπέφαινεν; σφᾶς is its understood subject. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ᾕρητο | punct | high |
Ἀχαιῶν δὲ καὶ ὅσοι συντεταγμένοι τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς ἦσαν περὶ Λάρισον μαχομένων ποταμὸν πρὸς Ἠλείους καὶ τὸ Αἰτωλικὸν ἐπικουροῦντας κατὰ συγγένειαν Ἠλείοις, πρῶτα μὲν Δημόφαντον ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτοχειρίᾳ τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἡγεμόνα ὄντα τῆς ἵππου, δεύτερα δὲ καὶ τὸ ἄλλο ἱππικὸν τῶν Αἰτωλῶν καὶ τῶν Ἠλείων ἐτρέψατο.
The opening genitive absolute (Ἀχαιῶν ... μαχομένων) sets the situation; ὅσοι ... ἦσαν is its embedded subject-like relative group. The finite ἀπέκτεινεν and ἐτρέψατο share an understood subject, probably the preceding combatant leader/contextual agent; Δημόφαντον is object of the first verb, and τὸ ἄλλο ἱππικόν object of the second. The participles ἐπικουροῦντας and ὄντα are accusative circumstantial/appositional forms.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A-G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 μαχομένων | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute subject; ethnonym used substantivally. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ὅσοι | cc | high | Coordinates ὅσοι with the genitive-absolute group. |
| 4 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, subject of ἦσαν. |
| 5 | συντεταγμένοι | συντάσσω | VERB | V-RPPNM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 ὅσοι | acl | high | Perfect passive participle modifying ὅσοι. |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | P---MD-P- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Ἀχαιοῖς | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A----D-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 συντεταγμένοι | obl | high | Dative complement of συντάσσω. |
| 8 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 μαχομένων | aux | high | Finite copula/auxiliary in the embedded relative clause. |
| 9 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Λάρισον | case | high | |
| 10 | Λάρισον | Λάρισα | PROPN | A----A-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 μαχομένων | obl | high | Place name governed by περί. |
| 11 | μαχομένων | μάχομαι | VERB | V-PMPNG-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle; its genitive subject is Ἀχαιῶν plus coordinated relative group. |
| 12 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | N----A-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 μαχομένων | obl | low | Likely adverbial/elliptical accusative associated with the fighting; exact construal uncertain. |
| 13 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Ἠλείους | case | high | |
| 14 | Ἠλείους | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A----A-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 μαχομένων | obl | high | Opponent group governed by πρός. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐπικουροῦντας | cc | high | |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P---NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 Αἰτωλικὸν | det | high | |
| 17 | Αἰτωλικὸν | Αἰτωλικός | ADJ | A----NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπικουροῦντας | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἐπικουροῦντας. |
| 18 | ἐπικουροῦντας | ἐπικουρέω | VERB | V-PPAAA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 μαχομένων | advcl | medium | Accusative participle coordinated with the combat description; agreement/construction is somewhat compressed. |
| 19 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 συγγένειαν | case | high | |
| 20 | συγγένειαν | συγγένεια | NOUN | N----A-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπικουροῦντας | obl | high | Accusative of respect/ground with κατά. |
| 21 | Ἠλείοις | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A----D-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 συγγένειαν | nmod | high | Dative complement of συγγένεια. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | __________ | _ | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | punct | high | |
| 23 | πρῶτα | πρῶτος | ADV | A----NA-P | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘first’. |
| 24 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 23 πρῶτα | advmod | high | |
| 25 | Δημόφαντον | Δημόφαντος | PROPN | N----A-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | obj | high | |
| 26 | ἀπέκτεινεν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V3SIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 27 | αὐτοχειρίᾳ | αὐτοχειρία | NOUN | N----D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | obl | high | Instrumental/manner dative, ‘with his own hand’. |
| 28 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | P---MD-P- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐναντίοις | det | high | |
| 29 | ἐναντίοις | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A----MD-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ἡγεμόνα | obl | high | Substantivized dative, ‘for/to the opposing side’. |
| 30 | ἡγεμόνα | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N----A-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ὄντα | pred | high | Predicate accusative with ὄντα. |
| 31 | ὄντα | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAPMA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 Δημόφαντον | acl | high | Supplementary participle predicated of Δημόφαντον. |
| 32 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P---GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἵππου | det | high | |
| 33 | ἵππου | ἵππος | NOUN | N----G-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἡγεμόνα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἡγεμών. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | __________ | _ | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | punct | high | |
| 35 | δεύτερα | δεύτερος | ADV | A----NA-P | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 46 ἐτρέψατο | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘secondly’. |
| 36 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 46 ἐτρέψατο | cc | high | |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 46 ἐτρέψατο | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite verb with ἀπέκτεινεν. |
| 38 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P---NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 39 ἄλλο | det | high | |
| 39 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A----NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 40 ἱππικὸν | amod | high | |
| 40 | ἱππικὸν | ἱππικός | NOUN | A----NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 46 ἐτρέψατο | obj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, object of ἐτρέψατο. |
| 41 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---GG-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 42 Αἰτωλῶν | det | high | |
| 42 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | A----G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 ἱππικὸν | nmod | high | |
| 43 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 45 Ἠλείων | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive groups. |
| 44 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---GG-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 Ἠλείων | det | high | |
| 45 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A----G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 ἱππικὸν | nmod | high | |
| 46 | ἐτρέψατο | τρέπω | VERB | V3SIMA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate; subject is understood. |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | __________ | _ | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | punct | high |