Grammar parses for passage 8.49.7
Open translation for this passage
τῷ δὲ Ἀντιγόνου μὲν ὀλίγον μελήσειν ἔμελλε· περαιωσάμενος δὲ νηὶ ἐς Κρήτην---πόλεμος γὰρ κατεῖχεν αὐτὴν ἐμφύλιος--- ἐπετέτακτο ἡγεμὼν μισθοφόροις·
The sentence has two main finite verbs (ἔμελλε, ἐπετέτακτο) with participial and explanatory subordinate material; the first clause is syntactically compressed/elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 μελήσειν | obj | medium | Likely article with an infinitival subject/object relation in indirect speech; syntax is compressed. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἔμελλε | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | Ἀντιγόνου | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 μελήσειν | nsubj | medium | Genitive with μέλλω/μέλειν construction; likely dependent on infinitive phrase. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 6 μελήσειν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 μελήσειν | obj | medium | Used adverbially with μέλειν/μελήσειν. |
| 6 | μελήσειν | μέλω | VERB | _ | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 ἔμελλε | xcomp | high | Future infinitive. |
| 7 | ἔμελλε | μέλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔμελλε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | περαιωσάμενος | περαιόω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | advcl | high | Adverbial participle modifying the later main verb. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 11 | νηὶ | ναῦς | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 περαιωσάμενος | obl | high | Instrumental/dative with the participle. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 13 Κρήτην | case | high | Preposition. |
| 13 | Κρήτην | Κρήτη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 περαιωσάμενος | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 πόλεμος | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 πόλεμος | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 πόλεμος | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 17 | πόλεμος | πόλεμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 κατεῖχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of κατεῖχεν. |
| 18 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 19 κατεῖχεν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 19 | κατεῖχεν | κατέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | advcl | medium | Explains the previous motion clause; subordinate causal/explanatory clause. |
| 20 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 19 κατεῖχεν | obj | high | Object of κατεῖχεν. |
| 21 | ἐμφύλιος | ἐμφύλιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πόλεμος | amod | medium | Adjectival modifier of πόλεμος. |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 25 | ἐπετέτακτο | ἐπιτάσσω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 26 | ἡγεμὼν | ἡγεμών | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπετέτακτο. |
| 27 | μισθοφόροις | μισθοφόρος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπιτάσσω. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐπετέτακτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐπανήκων δὲ ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν αὐτίκα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ᾕρητο ἄρχειν καὶ τοῦ ἱππικοῦ, καὶ σφᾶς ἀρίστους Ἑλλήνων ἀπέφαινεν ἱππεύειν.
The clause has two coordinated finite verbs; ᾕρητο takes complementary infinitives, and the first participial phrase is a circumstantial modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπανήκων | ἐπανήκω | VERB | V-PAP-SNM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ᾕρητο | advcl | high | Participial circumstance modifying the main clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 10 ᾕρητο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 πόλιν | case | high | Preposition governing the place noun. |
| 4 | Μεγάλην | μέγας | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόλιν | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying πόλιν. |
| 5 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπανήκων | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 6 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 ᾕρητο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 10 ᾕρητο | case | high | Agent marker with passive. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-APG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | Article modifying Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 9 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-PMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ᾕρητο | obl | high | Agent in passive construction. |
| 10 | ᾕρητο | αἱρέω | VERB | V-LIM-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plur|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | low | Form is likely pluperfect middle/passive 3sg; tense feature uncertain in legacy notation. |
| 11 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 ᾕρητο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἱππικοῦ | cc | high | Coordinator within the coordination. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SNG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἱππικοῦ | det | high | Article modifying ἱππικοῦ. |
| 14 | ἱππικοῦ | ἱππικός | ADJ | A-SNG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἄρχειν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitival complement, sharing ἄρχειν. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ᾕρητο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἀπέφαινεν | cc | high | Links the second main clause. |
| 17 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-PAM | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 ἀπέφαινεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀπέφαινεν. |
| 18 | ἀρίστους | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-PAM | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 σφᾶς | amod | high | Predicate/object complement agreeing with σφᾶς. |
| 19 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-PMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀρίστους | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with superlative. |
| 20 | ἀπέφαινεν | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 ᾕρητο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 21 | ἱππεύειν | ἱππεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 20 ἀπέφαινεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ᾕρητο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ἀχαιῶν δὲ καὶ ὅσοι συντεταγμένοι τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς ἦσαν περὶ Λάρισον μαχομένων ποταμὸν πρὸς Ἠλείους καὶ τὸ Αἰτωλικὸν ἐπικουροῦντας κατὰ συγγένειαν Ἠλείοις, πρῶτα μὲν Δημόφαντον ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτοχειρίᾳ τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἡγεμόνα ὄντα τῆς ἵππου, δεύτερα δὲ καὶ τὸ ἄλλο ἱππικὸν τῶν Αἰτωλῶν καὶ τῶν Ἠλείων ἐτρέψατο.
The opening participial material is syntactically heavy: a main clause with two coordinated finite verbs is preceded by several participial/PP phrases; token 12 ποταμὸν is likely an accusative complement within the prepositional phrase and is left attached conservatively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἦσαν | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute-like opening; attachment uncertain. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D-------- | _ | 8 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ὅσοι | cc | high | Coordinates ὅσοι with implied antecedent/opening group. |
| 4 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Relative/pronominal subject of ἦσαν. |
| 5 | συντεταγμένοι | συντάσσω | VERB | V-RPP-μένοι | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 ἦσαν | advcl | high | Participial predicate with ἦσαν. |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-AP---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Ἀχαιοῖς | det | high | Definite article. |
| 7 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | NOUN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 συντεταγμένοι | obl | high | Dative complement of συντεταγμένοι. |
| 8 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | advcl | high | Finite verb of the opening subordinate clause. |
| 9 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 μαχομένων | case | high | Introduces relation/location phrase. |
| 10 | Λάρισον | Λάρισος | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 μαχομένων | obl | medium | Proper noun form uncertain; treated as accusative object of περί. |
| 11 | μαχομένων | μάχομαι | VERB | V-RP---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 ἦσαν | advcl | high | Genitive participle linked to the opening genitive/nominative cluster. |
| 12 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 μαχομένων | obj | low | Syntax uncertain; likely depends on the participial phrase or is part of a nonstandard construction. |
| 13 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 μαχομένων | case | high | Preposition. |
| 14 | Ἠλείους | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 μαχομένων | obl | high | Object of πρός. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐπικουροῦντας | cc | high | Coordinates participles/phrases. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 Αἰτωλικὸν | det | high | Article with Αἰτωλικὸν. |
| 17 | Αἰτωλικὸν | Αἰτωλικός | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπικουροῦντας | nsubj | medium | Neuter substantive 'the Aetolian [force]'; attached as subject-like element of participle. |
| 18 | ἐπικουροῦντας | ἐπικουρέω | VERB | V-PPA---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | advcl | high | Participial clause coordinated with the previous genitive absolute material. |
| 19 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 συγγένειαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 20 | συγγένειαν | συγγένεια | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπικουροῦντας | obl | high | Object of κατά. |
| 21 | Ἠλείοις | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπικουροῦντας | obl | high | Dative complement indicating relation to the aid given. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 23 | πρῶτα | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative used with μὲν. |
| 24 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 25 | Δημόφαντον | Δημόφαντος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀπέκτεινεν. |
| 26 | ἀπέκτεινεν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V3SAIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of first clause. |
| 27 | αὐτοχειρίᾳ | αὐτοχειρία | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | obl | high | Manner/instrumental dative. |
| 28 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐναντίοις | det | high | Article with ἐναντίοις. |
| 29 | ἐναντίοις | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | obl | high | Dative of opposition/advantage. |
| 30 | ἡγεμόνα | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ὄντα | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with participle. |
| 31 | ὄντα | εἰμί | VERB | V-PPA---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 Δημόφαντον | acl | high | Supplementary participle modifying Δημόφαντον. |
| 32 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἵππου | det | high | Article with ἵππου. |
| 33 | ἵππου | ἵππος | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἡγεμόνα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἡγεμόνα; likely 'of the cavalry'. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἀπέκτεινεν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 35 | δεύτερα | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 46 ἐτρέψατο | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative parallel to πρῶτα. |
| 36 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D-------- | _ | 46 ἐτρέψατο | discourse | high | Second correlative particle. |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 40 ἱππικὸν | cc | high | Coordinates within the object phrase. |
| 38 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 40 ἱππικὸν | det | high | Article with ἄλλο ἱππικὸν. |
| 39 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 40 ἱππικὸν | amod | high | Modifier of ἱππικὸν. |
| 40 | ἱππικὸν | ἱππικός | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 46 ἐτρέψατο | obj | high | Neuter substantive 'cavalry'. |
| 41 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 42 Αἰτωλῶν | det | high | Article with Αἰτωλῶν. |
| 42 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 ἱππικὸν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier. |
| 43 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 42 Αἰτωλῶν | cc | high | Coordinates genitives. |
| 44 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 Ἠλείων | det | high | Article with Ἠλείων. |
| 45 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 42 Αἰτωλῶν | nmod | high | Second genitive modifier coordinated with Αἰτωλῶν. |
| 46 | ἐτρέψατο | τρέπω | VERB | V3SAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main finite verb. |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 46 ἐτρέψατο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |