Grammar parses for passage 8.51.1
Open translation for this passage
Φιλοποίμην δὲ ὑπὸ τὸν καιρὸν ἐσπεσὼν τοῦτον ἐς τὴν Σπάρτην ἠνάγκασεν ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν Λακεδαιμονίους συντελέσαι.
ἠνάγκασεν governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction: Φιλοποίμην forces the Lacedaemonians to join the Achaean League; ἐσπεσών with τοῦτον and ἐς τὴν Σπάρτην forms the temporal/directional participial clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φιλοποίμην | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἠνάγκασεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἠνάγκασεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 καιρὸν | case | high | |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 καιρὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | καιρὸν | καιρός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐσπεσὼν | obl | medium | Temporal accusative with ὑπό; construed as ‘at the opportune moment’. |
| 6 | ἐσπεσὼν | ἐμπίπτω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἠνάγκασεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle modifying Φιλοποίμην. |
| 7 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | D-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐσπεσὼν | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἐσπεσών; antecedent is the preceding circumstance/time. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Σπάρτην | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Σπάρτην | det | high | |
| 10 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐσπεσὼν | obl | high | Directional complement of ἐσπεσών. |
| 11 | ἠνάγκασεν | ἀναγκάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Ἀχαϊκὸν | case | high | |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 Ἀχαϊκὸν | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀχαϊκὸν | Ἀχαϊκός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 συντελέσαι | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the Achaean [league]’. |
| 15 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 συντελέσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 16 | συντελέσαι | συντελέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἠνάγκασεν | xcomp | high | Accusative-and-infinitive complement of ἠνάγκασεν. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἠνάγκασεν | punct | high |
μετὰ δὲ οὐ πολὺν χρόνον Τίτος μὲν Ῥωμαίων τῶν περὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἡγεμὼν καὶ Διοφάνης ὁ Διαίου Μεγαλοπολίτης, ἄρχειν ἐν τῷ τότε ᾑρημένος τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, ἤλαυνον ἐπὶ τὴν Λακεδαίμονα, ἐπενεγκόντες αἰτίαν Λακεδαιμονίοις βουλεύειν σφᾶς νεώτερα ἐς Ῥωμαίους·
The sentence has a coordinated subject (Τίτος καὶ Διοφάνης); ἄρχειν ... ᾑρημένος is a supplementary participial phrase modifying chiefly Διοφάνης, while ἐπενεγκόντες introduces the charge they brought against the Lacedaemonians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 χρόνον | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἤλαυνον | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 πολὺν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | πολὺν | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 χρόνον | amod | high | |
| 5 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἤλαυνον | obl | high | |
| 6 | Τίτος | Τίτος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἤλαυνον | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 Τίτος | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; corresponding δέ is token 2. |
| 8 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | NOUN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἡγεμὼν | nmod | high | |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 περὶ | det | high | |
| 10 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 τῶν | case | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 περὶ | obl | high | Object of περί. |
| 13 | ἡγεμὼν | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Τίτος | appos | high | Appositional title/predicate for Τίτος. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 Διοφάνης | cc | high | |
| 15 | Διοφάνης | Διοφάνης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἤλαυνον | conj | high | Coordinated subject. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Διαίου | det | high | |
| 17 | Διαίου | Διαῖος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Μεγαλοπολίτης | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitival name. |
| 18 | Μεγαλοπολίτης | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Διοφάνης | appos | high | Ethnic/geographical apposition to Διοφάνης. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | punc | _ | 28 ἤλαυνον | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 ᾑρημένος | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on ᾑρημένος: chosen/elected to rule. |
| 21 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 τῷ | case | high | |
| 22 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 τότε | det | high | |
| 23 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 τῷ | nmod | medium | Temporal substantivized phrase, ‘at that time’; attachment within ἐν τῷ τότε. |
| 24 | ᾑρημένος | αἱρέω | VERB | V-RMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 15 Διοφάνης | acl | high | Supplementary participle agreeing with Διοφάνης. |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 26 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | NOUN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἄρχειν | obj | high | Object/genitive complement of ἄρχειν. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | punc | _ | 28 ἤλαυνον | punct | high | |
| 28 | ἤλαυνον | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 29 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 31 Λακεδαίμονα | case | high | |
| 30 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 Λακεδαίμονα | det | high | |
| 31 | Λακεδαίμονα | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἤλαυνον | obl | high | Goal/directional complement with ἐπί + accusative. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | punc | _ | 28 ἤλαυνον | punct | high | |
| 33 | ἐπενεγκόντες | ἐπιφέρω | VERB | V-2AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 28 ἤλαυνον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject co-referential with the plural subject. |
| 34 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἐπενεγκόντες | obj | high | |
| 35 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 ἐπενεγκόντες | iobj | high | Dative recipient/target of bringing forward a charge. |
| 36 | βουλεύειν | βουλεύω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 34 αἰτίαν | acl | high | Infinitive clause specifying the charge. |
| 37 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 36 βουλεύειν | obj | high | Reflexive/logophoric accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 38 | νεώτερα | νέος | ADJ | A-APN-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 βουλεύειν | obj | medium | Substantivized comparative, ‘revolutionary/newer measures’; exact semantic scope is somewhat idiomatic. |
| 39 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 40 Ῥωμαίους | case | high | |
| 40 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | NOUN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 νεώτερα | obl | high | Complement of νεώτερα: measures against the Romans. |
| 41 | · | · | PUNCT | punc | _ | 28 ἤλαυνον | punct | high |
Φιλοποίμην δέ, καίπερ ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἰδιώτης ὤν, ἀπέκλεισαν ὅμως ἐπιοῦσιν αὐτοῖς τὰς πύλας.
The subject Φιλοποίμην is accusative as the person affected by ἀπέκλεισαν, whose nominative subject is implicit; ἐπιοῦσιν is a dative plural participle agreeing with αὐτοῖς and expressing the approaching party. The participial adjunct καίπερ ... ὤν is concessive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φιλοποίμην | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀπέκλεισαν | obj | high | Accusative person affected by the verb; name form is morphologically accusative. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 11 ἀπέκλεισαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 11 ἀπέκλεισαν | punct | high | |
| 4 | καίπερ | καίπερ | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 9 ὤν | mark | high | Concessive marker introducing the participial adjunct. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 7 παρόντι | case | high | |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 παρόντι | det | high | |
| 7 | παρόντι | παρών | ADJ | a-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ὤν | obl | high | Substantivized present participle, ‘the present circumstances/time’. |
| 8 | ἰδιώτης | ἰδιώτης | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὤν | pred | high | Predicate nominative with ὤν. |
| 9 | ὤν | εἰμί | AUX | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἀπέκλεισαν | advcl | high | Concessive present participle, agreeing with the implicit subject of the main clause. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 11 ἀπέκλεισαν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἀπέκλεισαν | ἀποκλείω | VERB | v3paia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist indicative; third-plural subject is implicit. |
| 12 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 11 ἀπέκλεισαν | advmod | high | Adverbial concessive connective, ‘nevertheless’. |
| 13 | ἐπιοῦσιν | ἔπειμι | VERB | v-sppamd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἀπέκλεισαν | advcl | medium | Dative plural present participle, likely temporal/circumstantial: ‘as they approached’; may be analyzed with αὐτοῖς. |
| 14 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 13 ἐπιοῦσιν | obl | high | Dative plural agreeing with or specifying the participants in ἐπιοῦσιν. |
| 15 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | l-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 πύλας | det | high | |
| 16 | πύλας | πύλη | NOUN | n-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἀπέκλεισαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀπέκλεισαν. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 11 ἀπέκλεισαν | punct | high |