Grammar parses for passage 8.9.4
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ Μαιναλίη δυσχείμερος, ἔνθα τε κεῖται Ἀρκάς, ἀφʼ οὗ δὴ πάντες ἐπίκλησιν καλέονται, οὗ τρίοδος καὶ τετράοδος καὶ πεντακέλευθος.
The sentence has an existential/copular opening; Ἀρκάς is the nominative subject of κεῖται, while οὗ (18) introduces an elliptical relative clause with τρίοδος etc. as predicate/description. The antecedent of ἀφʼ οὗ is Ἀρκάς, with ἐπίκλησιν as the accusative of respect/extent with καλέονται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Μαιναλίη | Μαιναλία | PROPN | N-N--FS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | medium | Place-name; nominative subject/predicate noun with ἔστι. |
| 4 | δυσχείμερος | δυσχείμερος | ADJ | A--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Μαιναλίη | amod | high | Agrees with Μαιναλίη. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D | _ | 8 κεῖται | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 κεῖται | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 8 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 1 ἔστι | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying the place-name. |
| 9 | Ἀρκάς | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 κεῖται | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of κεῖται. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 κεῖται | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἀφʼ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 12 οὗ | case | high | Apocope/elision before relative pronoun. |
| 12 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 καλέονται | obl | medium | Relative pronoun governed by ἀπό; antecedent is Ἀρκάς. |
| 13 | δὴ | δή | PART | PRT | _ | 16 καλέονται | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 14 | πάντες | πᾶς | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 καλέονται | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of καλέονται. |
| 15 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 καλέονται | obj | medium | Accusative of respect/extent: ‘by the epithet/name’; exact construction somewhat uncertain. |
| 16 | καλέονται | καλέω | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 8 κεῖται | advcl | medium | Finite verb in a relative adjunct clause; middle/passive form means ‘are called’. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 16 καλέονται | punct | high | |
| 18 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 τρίοδος | nmod | low | Likely a relative/genitive linker with ellipsis; clause syntax is difficult. |
| 19 | τρίοδος | τρίοδος | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 καλέονται | parataxis | low | Nominal predicate or elliptical clause after οὗ; exact relation uncertain. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 τετράοδος | cc | high | Coordinates the following nominal. |
| 21 | τετράοδος | τετράοδος | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 τρίοδος | conj | high | Coordinated with τρίοδος. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 πεντακέλευθος | cc | high | Coordinates the final nominal. |
| 23 | πεντακέλευθος | πεντακέλευθος | ADJ | A--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 τρίοδος | conj | medium | Nominalized adjective, coordinated with the road terms. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high |
ἔνθα σʼ ἐγὼ κέλομαι στείχειν καὶ ἐύφρονι θυμῷ Ἀρκάδʼ ἀειραμένους κατάγειν εἰς ἄστυ ἐραννόν· ἔνθα τε δὴ τέμενός τε θυηλάς τʼ Ἀρκάδι τεύχειν.
The sentence contains a series of infinitives governed by κέλομαι; the second ἔνθα clause continues the coordination. The accusative participle ἀειραμένους and the transmitted form τέμενός are syntactically and textually uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 4 κέλομαι | advmod | high | Locative adverb introducing the directive clause. |
| 2 | σʼ | σύ | PRON | P2----AS- | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs | 4 κέλομαι | obj | high | Elided accusative personal pronoun, object of κέλομαι. |
| 3 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | P1----NS- | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 4 κέλομαι | nsubj | high | Explicit subject. |
| 4 | κέλομαι | κέλομαι | VERB | V1SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb governing infinitival complements. |
| 5 | στείχειν | στείχω | VERB | V--PAN-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 κέλομαι | xcomp | high | Infinitive coordinated with κατάγειν and τεύχειν. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 κατάγειν | cc | high | Coordinates the first and second infinitival actions. |
| 7 | ἐύφρονι | εὔφρων | ADJ | A----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 θυμῷ | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of θυμῷ. |
| 8 | θυμῷ | θυμός | NOUN | N----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 στείχειν | obl | medium | Dative of manner or accompaniment with στείχειν. |
| 9 | Ἀρκάδʼ | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N----AS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀειραμένους | obj | medium | Accusative Arcadian object of the participle; elided ending. |
| 10 | ἀειραμένους | ἀείρω | VERB | V--AMPMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 κατάγειν | advcl | medium | Accusative plural participle, likely agreeing with an understood subject of κατάγειν; exact construction is difficult. |
| 11 | κατάγειν | κατάγω | VERB | V--PAN-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 κέλομαι | xcomp | high | Infinitive coordinated with στείχειν; governs εἰς ἄστυ. |
| 12 | εἰς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ἄστυ | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 13 | ἄστυ | ἄστυ | NOUN | N----AS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 κατάγειν | obl | high | Goal complement of κατάγειν. |
| 14 | ἐραννόν | ἐραννός | ADJ | A----AS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἄστυ | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ἄστυ. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 κέλομαι | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 24 τεύχειν | advmod | high | Locative adverb introducing the second coordinated infinitival clause. |
| 17 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 τεύχειν | cc | high | First member of correlative coordination. |
| 18 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 24 τεύχειν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 19 | τέμενός | τέμενος | NOUN | N----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 τεύχειν | obj | low | Form is nominative/accusative neuter singular; syntactically likely an accusative object despite accentuation or transmitted form. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 τεύχειν | cc | high | Coordinates τέμενός with θυηλάς. |
| 21 | θυηλάς | θυηλή | NOUN | N----AP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 τεύχειν | obj | high | Second object coordinated with τέμενός. |
| 22 | τʼ | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 τεύχειν | cc | high | Elided coordinating τε, linking the dative recipient phrase. |
| 23 | Ἀρκάδι | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 τεύχειν | iobj | high | Dative recipient or beneficiary of τεύχειν. |
| 24 | τεύχειν | τεύχω | VERB | V--PAN-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 κέλομαι | xcomp | high | Final infinitive coordinated with the preceding infinitives and governing the objects. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 κέλομαι | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ χωρίον τοῦτο, ἔνθα ὁ τάφος ἐστὶ τοῦ Ἀρκάδος, καλοῦσιν Ἡλίου βωμούς.
καλοῦσιν governs χωρίον as its named object and βωμούς as the accusative name complement; the ἔνθα-clause modifies χωρίον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 χωρίον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Subject-like accusative/nominative object of καλοῦσιν; nominative form with neuter agreement. |
| 4 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 χωρίον | det | high | Demonstrative determiner. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 χωρίον | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | ADV | PronType=Rel | 9 ἐστὶ | advmod | high | Relative locative adverb introducing a subordinate clause. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τάφος | det | high | |
| 8 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 χωρίον | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the ἔνθα-relative clause. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ἀρκάδος | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἀρκάδος | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τάφος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τάφος. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 χωρίον | punct | high | |
| 13 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | Ἡλίου | ἥλιος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 βωμούς | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of βωμούς, ‘of Helios’. |
| 15 | βωμούς | βωμός | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Predicate/object complement naming χωρίον after καλοῦσιν. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 καλοῦσιν | punct | high |