Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 9.1.2

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Passage 9.1.2

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58Greek tokens

1,675input tokens

3,964output tokens

Sentence 1

9.1.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 23
Input: 779
Output: 1,674
Total: 2,453

ὅτι μὲν δὴ καὶ οὗτοι τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἐβασιλεύοντο, δῆλά ἐστι· βασιλεῖαι γὰρ πανταχοῦ τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ οὐ δημοκρατίαι πάλαι καθεστήκεσαν.

ὅτι introduces a content clause functioning as the subject of δῆλά ἐστι; ἐβασιλεύοντο is a likely imperfect middle/passive form meaning ‘were ruled by kings’, while καθεστήκεσαν is pluperfect active, coordinated under γάρ with an understood copular predicate.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	C---	_	10 δῆλά	mark	high	Content-clause marker.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	Df	_	1 ὅτι	discourse	high	Correlative particle, balanced by implied δέ.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	Df	_	8 ἐβασιλεύοντο	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	5 οὗτοι	cc	high	Additive conjunction.
5	οὗτοι	οὗτος	PRON	Pd----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	8 ἐβασιλεύοντο	nsubj	high	Demonstrative subject of ἐβασιλεύοντο.
6	τὸ	ὁ	DET	戴----NSA-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 ἀρχαῖον	det	high	Article substantivizing ἀρχαῖον.
7	ἀρχαῖον	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	A-----NSA-	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 ἐβασιλεύοντο	advmod	high	Adverbialized neuter adjective, ‘in ancient times’.
8	ἐβασιλεύοντο	βασιλεύω	VERB	V3PIIM-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	10 δῆλά	csubj	medium	Form can be middle/passive; construed here as ‘were ruled by kings’.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	10 δῆλά	punct	high
10	δῆλά	δῆλος	ADJ	A-----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	root	high	Predicate adjective with extraposed/content-clause subject.
11	ἐστι	εἰμί	AUX	V3SPIAI-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	10 δῆλά	cop	high	Copula.
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	10 δῆλά	punct	high
13	βασιλεῖαι	βασίλεια	NOUN	N-----NPF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	22 καθεστήκεσαν	nsubj	high	Subject of καθεστήκεσαν.
14	γὰρ	γάρ	CCONJ	C--------	_	22 καθεστήκεσαν	cc	high	Explanatory conjunction.
15	πανταχοῦ	πανταχοῦ	ADV	D--------	_	22 καθεστήκεσαν	advmod	high	Adverbial modifier, ‘everywhere’.
16	τῆς	ὁ	DET	S-----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 Ἑλλάδος	det	high
17	Ἑλλάδος	Ἑλλάς	PROPN	N-----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 πανταχοῦ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on πανταχοῦ: ‘throughout Greece’.
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	20 δημοκρατίαι	cc	high	Coordinates δημοκρατίαι with βασιλεῖαι.
19	οὐ	οὐ	PART	T--------	Polarity=Neg	20 δημοκρατίαι	advmod	high	Negates δημοκρατίαι within the coordinated subject.
20	δημοκρατίαι	δημοκρατία	NOUN	N-----NPF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	22 καθεστήκεσαν	nsubj	high	Coordinated subject, contrasted with βασιλεῖαι.
21	πάλαι	πάλαι	ADV	D--------	_	22 καθεστήκεσαν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb, ‘formerly’.
22	καθεστήκεσαν	καθίστημι	VERB	V3PLIA-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pqp\|Voice=Act	10 δῆλά	conj	high	Pluperfect active, coordinated explanatory clause; understood predicate is ‘had been established/prevalent’.
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	10 δῆλά	punct	high

Sentence 2

9.1.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 35
Input: 896
Output: 2,290
Total: 3,186

τῶν δὲ βασιλέων ἄλλον μὲν οὐδένα οἱ Πλαταιεῖς ἴσασι, μόνον δὲ Ἀσωπὸν καὶ ἔτι πρότερον Κιθαιρῶνα· καὶ τὸν μὲν ἀφʼ αὑτοῦ θέσθαι τῷ ὄρει τὸ ὄνομα, τὸν δὲ τῷ ποταμῷ λέγουσι.

The sentence contains coordinated finite predicates: ἴσασι governs the accusative objects ἄλλον/οὐδένα, Ἀσωπόν, and Κιθαιρῶνα; λέγουσι introduces coordinated reported infinitives, with substantivized τὸν μέν/τὸν δέ referring back to the two names.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τῶν	ὁ	DET	article-gen-pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 βασιλέων	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	conj	_	9 ἴσασι	cc	high
3	βασιλέων	βασιλεύς	NOUN	noun-gen-pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 οὐδένα	nmod	high
4	ἄλλον	ἄλλος	ADJ	adj-acc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 οὐδένα	amod	high
5	μὲν	μέν	PART	part	_	9 ἴσασι	discourse	high
6	οὐδένα	οὐδείς	PRON	pron-acc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἴσασι	obj	high
7	οἱ	ὁ	DET	article-nom-pl	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 Πλαταιεῖς	det	high
8	Πλαταιεῖς	Πλαταιεύς	PROPN	proper-noun-nom-pl	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 ἴσασι	nsubj	high
9	ἴσασι	οἶδα	VERB	verb-perf-act-ind-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Perfect-form οἶδα has present meaning.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἴσασι	punct	high
11	μόνον	μόνος	ADJ	adj-acc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 Ἀσωπὸν	amod	high
12	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	conj	_	9 ἴσασι	cc	high
13	Ἀσωπὸν	Ἀσωπός	PROPN	proper-noun-acc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἴσασι	obj	high
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	17 Κιθαιρῶνα	cc	high
15	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	adv	_	16 πρότερον	advmod	high
16	πρότερον	πρότερον	ADV	adv-comp	_	17 Κιθαιρῶνα	advmod	high
17	Κιθαιρῶνα	Κιθαιρών	PROPN	proper-noun-acc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 Ἀσωπὸν	conj	high
18	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἴσασι	punct	high
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	34 λέγουσι	cc	high
20	τὸν	ὁ	DET	article-acc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 θέσθαι	obj	medium	Substantivized article, referring to Ἀσωπός.
21	μὲν	μέν	PART	part	_	34 λέγουσι	discourse	high
22	ἀφʼ	ἀπό	ADP	prep-gen	_	23 αὑτοῦ	case	high
23	αὑτοῦ	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	pron-gen-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Reflex=Yes	24 θέσθαι	obl	high
24	θέσθαι	τίθημι	VERB	verb-aor-mid-inf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	34 λέγουσι	xcomp	high	Infinitive in reported speech.
25	τῷ	ὁ	DET	article-dat-sg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	26 ὄρει	det	high
26	ὄρει	ὄρος	NOUN	noun-dat-sg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 θέσθαι	iobj	high
27	τὸ	ὁ	DET	article-acc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 ὄνομα	det	high
28	ὄνομα	ὄνομα	NOUN	noun-acc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 θέσθαι	obj	high
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	34 λέγουσι	punct	high
30	τὸν	ὁ	DET	article-acc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 λέγουσι	obj	medium	Substantivized article, referring to Κιθαιρών.
31	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	conj	_	34 λέγουσι	cc	high
32	τῷ	ὁ	DET	article-dat-sg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	33 ποταμῷ	det	high
33	ποταμῷ	ποταμός	NOUN	noun-dat-sg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 λέγουσι	iobj	high
34	λέγουσι	λέγω	VERB	verb-pres-act-ind-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Coordinates with preceding οἱ Πλαταιεῖς ἴσασι; reported-content infinitive is understood.
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	34 λέγουσι	punct	high

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