Grammar parses for passage 9.30.10
Open translation for this passage
ποιμὴν περὶ μεσοῦσαν μάλιστα τὴν ἡμέραν ἐπικλίνων αὑτὸν πρὸς τοῦ Ὀρφέως τὸν τάφον, ὁ μὲν ἐκάθευδεν ὁ ποιμήν, ἐπῄει δέ οἱ καὶ καθεύδοντι ἔπη τε ᾄδειν τῶν Ὀρφέως καὶ μέγα καὶ ἡδὺ φωνεῖν.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: the opening participial frame modifies the shepherd, then ἐκάθευδεν and ἐπῄει function as successive main predicates, with the latter governing coordinated infinitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποιμὴν | ποιμήν | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκάθευδεν | advcl | medium | Likely a nominative absolute/topic participle-like apposition to the participial clause; syntax somewhat loose. |
| 2 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R | _ | 6 ἡμέραν | case | high | Preposition governing the temporal phrase. |
| 3 | μεσοῦσαν | μεσόω | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἡμέραν | amod | medium | Adjectival participle modifying ἡμέραν; form from μεσοῦσα/μεσοῦσαν as temporal adjective. |
| 4 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | _ | 7 ἐπικλίνων | advmod | high | |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἡμέραν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἡμέραν | ἡμέρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπικλίνων | obl | high | Temporal oblique with περὶ. |
| 7 | ἐπικλίνων | ἐπικλίνω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἐκάθευδεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the shepherd. |
| 8 | αὑτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | X-ASF? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 7 ἐπικλίνων | obj | low | Reflexive pronoun; orthography with rough breathing omitted in form. |
| 9 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 13 τάφον | case | high | |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Ὀρφέως | det | high | |
| 11 | Ὀρφέως | Ὀρφεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τάφον | nmod | high | |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 τάφον | det | high | |
| 13 | τάφον | τάφος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπικλίνων | obl | high | Goal/endpoint phrase with πρὸς. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐκάθευδεν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 ποιμήν | det | high | |
| 16 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 17 ἐκάθευδεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 17 | ἐκάθευδεν | καθεύδω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 18 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 ποιμήν | det | high | |
| 19 | ποιμήν | ποιμήν | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκάθευδεν | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐκάθευδεν | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἐπῄει | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Likely second main verb continuing the narrative, though coordination with ἐκάθευδεν is implicit. |
| 22 | δέ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 21 ἐπῄει | discourse | high | |
| 23 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | P-3DS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἐπῄει | iobj | high | Dative of interest/recipient. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 21 ἐπῄει | cc | high | |
| 25 | καθεύδοντι | καθεύδω | VERB | V-PAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 οἱ | advcl | medium | Participle agreeing with οἱ; semantically concessive/temporal. |
| 26 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 ᾄδειν | obj | high | |
| 27 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 26 ἔπη | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 28 | ᾄδειν | ᾄδω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 ἐπῄει | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement to ἐπῄει. |
| 29 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 30 Ὀρφέως | det | high | |
| 30 | Ὀρφέως | Ὀρφεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἔπη | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἔπη, probably 'songs of Orpheus'. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 32 μέγα | cc | high | |
| 32 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 φωνεῖν | advmod | low | Likely adverbial 'loudly' rather than adjective; morphology uncertain from form alone. |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 34 ἡδὺ | cc | high | |
| 34 | ἡδὺ | ἡδύς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 φωνεῖν | advmod | low | Also adverbial: 'sweetly'. |
| 35 | φωνεῖν | φωνέω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 ἐπῄει | xcomp | medium | Second infinitival complement coordinated with ᾄδειν. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐπῄει | punct | high |
οἱ οὖν ἐγγύτατα νέμοντες ἢ καὶ ἀροῦντες ἕκαστοι τὰ ἔργα ἀπολείποντες ἠθροίζοντο ἐπὶ τοῦ ποιμένος τὴν ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ ᾠδήν·
The syntax is participial and slightly compressed: the nominative participles and ἕκαστοι depend on the main verb ἠθροίζοντο, while ἐπὶ τοῦ ποιμένος and τὴν ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ ᾠδήν are the main oblique/object phrases.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 νέμοντες | det | high | Article modifying the participle νέμοντες as substantivized subject. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἠθροίζοντο | discourse | high | Inferential particle modifying the main verb. |
| 3 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύτατα | ADV | _ | _ | 4 νέμοντες | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying νέμοντες. |
| 4 | νέμοντες | νέμω | VERB | PAPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἠθροίζοντο | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying the main verb; likely adverbial. |
| 5 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 νέμοντες | cc | medium | Coordinates νέμοντες with ἀροῦντες, though the construction is somewhat compressed. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ἀροῦντες | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial 'also' within the coordinated participial phrase. |
| 7 | ἀροῦντες | ἀρόω | VERB | PAPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 νέμοντες | conj | high | Second coordinated participle. |
| 8 | ἕκαστοι | ἕκαστος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἠθροίζοντο | nsubj | medium | Appositional/continuative subject with the participial complex; semantics suggest 'each one'. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ἔργα | det | high | Article modifying ἔργα. |
| 10 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἀπολείποντες | obj | high | Object of ἀπολείποντες. |
| 11 | ἀπολείποντες | ἀπολείπω | VERB | PAPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἠθροίζοντο | advcl | high | Participial clause giving attendant circumstance. |
| 12 | ἠθροίζοντο | ἀθροίζω | VERB | 3PPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 12 ἠθροίζοντο | obl | medium | Introduces the destination/goal phrase. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ποιμένος | det | high | Article modifying ποιμένος. |
| 15 | ποιμένος | ποιμήν | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπὶ | obl | high | Object of ἐπί with genitive. |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ᾠδήν | det | high | Article modifying ᾠδήν. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 20 ᾠδήν | case | high | Preposition heading the prepositional phrase modifying ᾠδήν. |
| 18 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 ὕπνῳ | det | high | Article modifying ὕπνῳ. |
| 19 | ὕπνῳ | ὕπνος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ᾠδήν | nmod | medium | Dative complement within the phrase ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ. |
| 20 | ᾠδήν | ᾠδή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἠθροίζοντο | obj | high | Direct object of ἠθροίζοντο? More likely the thing gathered/assembled around the shepherd; dependency is somewhat interpretive. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἠθροίζοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καί ποτε ὠθοῦντες ἀλλήλους καὶ ἐρίζοντες ὅστις ἐγγύτατα ἔσται τῷ ποιμένι ἀνατρέπουσι τὸν κίονα, καὶ κατεάγη τε ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ πεσοῦσα ἡ θήκη καὶ εἶδεν ἥλιος ὅ τι ἦν τῶν ὀστῶν τοῦ Ὀρφέως λοιπόν.
The syntax is a chain of coordinated main clauses with participial backgrounding; the clause after ὅ τι is somewhat elliptical and hard to parse with certainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἀνατρέπουσι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking participial clauses. |
| 2 | ποτε | ποτέ | ADV | _ | _ | 12 ἀνατρέπουσι | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 3 | ὠθοῦντες | ὠθέω | VERB | PAPTCPNPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἀνατρέπουσι | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying the main verb. |
| 4 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P??? | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Rcp | 3 ὠθοῦντες | obj | medium | Reciprocal pronoun; detailed form code uncertain. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἐρίζοντες | cc | high | Coordinates the two participles. |
| 6 | ἐρίζοντες | ἐρίζω | VERB | PAPTCPNPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ὠθοῦντες | conj | high | Conjunct participle sharing the same subject. |
| 7 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | PNS---NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 9 ἔσται | nsubj | medium | Introduces an indirect question/relative-like clause; syntax somewhat ambiguous. |
| 8 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύτατα | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ἔσται | advmod | high | Superlative adverb. |
| 9 | ἔσται | εἰμί | VERB | V-FMI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 ὅστις | acl | medium | Finite verb in the clause headed by ὅστις. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ποιμένι | det | high | Article. |
| 11 | ποιμένι | ποιμήν | NOUN | N-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔσται | obl | high | Dative complement of ἔσται. |
| 12 | ἀνατρέπουσι | ἀνατρέπω | VERB | V-PAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 κίονα | det | high | Article. |
| 14 | κίονα | κίων | NOUN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀνατρέπουσι | obj | high | Direct object. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀνατρέπουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 κατεάγη | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 17 | κατεάγη | κατάγνυμι | VERB | V-API3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 12 ἀνατρέπουσι | conj | high | Conjunct finite verb. |
| 18 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 17 κατεάγη | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective. |
| 19 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 17 κατεάγη | obl | high | Introduces source/origin phrase. |
| 20 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-3GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 ἀπʼ | nmod | high | Genitive object of ἀπό. |
| 21 | πεσοῦσα | πίπτω | VERB | PAPTCPNSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 θήκη | acl | high | Participial modifier of θήκη. |
| 22 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 θήκη | det | high | Article. |
| 23 | θήκη | θήκη | NOUN | N-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 κατεάγη | nsubj | high | Subject of κατεάγη. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 εἶδεν | cc | high | Coordinates another main clause. |
| 25 | εἶδεν | ὁράω | VERB | V-AAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ἀνατρέπουσι | conj | high | Conjunct finite verb. |
| 26 | ἥλιος | ἥλιος | NOUN | N-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 εἶδεν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶδεν. |
| 27 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | P-NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 25 εἶδεν | obj | low | Likely relative/interrogative element introducing indirect question; tokenization obscures syntax. |
| 28 | τι | τις | PRON | P-NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 29 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Forms ὅ τι = 'what'/'whatever'. |
| 29 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 25 εἶδεν | ccomp | high | Content clause dependent on εἶδεν. |
| 30 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 ὀστῶν | det | high | Article. |
| 31 | ὀστῶν | ὀστοῦν | NOUN | N-GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Genitive with existential/partitive sense; likely subject of ἦν in the content clause. |
| 32 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 Ὀρφέως | det | high | Article. |
| 33 | Ὀρφέως | Ὀρφεύς | PROPN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ὀστῶν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ὀστῶν. |
| 34 | λοιπόν | λοιπός | ADV | _ | _ | 29 ἦν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἦν / clause meaning 'the rest'. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀνατρέπουσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |