Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 10.33

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
10.33.1 1 other high ἑτέρα δὲ ἐκ Τιθορέας ὁδὸς ἡ ἐπὶ Λέδοντά ἐστιν· Another road leads from Tithorea to Ledon. Simple route description between places; no mythic or historical event.
10.33.1 2 other high πόλις δέ ποτε ἐνομίζετο καὶ αὕτη, κατʼ ἐμὲ δὲ ὑπὸ ἀσθενείας ἐξελελοίπεσαν οἱ Λεδόντιοι τὴν πόλιν, Ledon also was once considered a city, but in my time the Ledontians had deserted it due to its weakness. Describes the abandoned status of Ledon in Pausanias’ own time, a geographical/antiquarian observation rather than mythic or post-500 BC historical narrative.
10.33.1 3 other high καὶ ἄνθρωποι περὶ ἑβδομήκοντα οἱ οἰκοῦντες ἦσαν ἐπὶ τῷ Κηφισῷ· About seventy people were then living by the Cephisus river. A simple population and settlement description by the Cephisus river, with no mythic or historical event.
10.33.1 4 other high Λέδων δʼ οὖν ὄνομα ταῖς οἰκήσεσίν ἐστιν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐς τὸν Φωκέων σύλλογον κοινὸν τελεῖν ἠξίωνται καὶ οὗτοι, καθάπερ γε καὶ οἱ Πανοπεῖς. Their settlement is still called Ledon, and these people, like those of Panopeus, are admitted into the common assembly of the Phokians and participate in their sacrifices. Describes the settlement’s name and civic/religious privileges within Phokis, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
10.33.1 5 other high τῶν δὲ ἀνθρώπων οἳ οἰκοῦσιν ἐπὶ τῷ Κηφισῷ τεσσαράκοντά ἐστιν ἀνωτέρω σταδίοις Λέδοντος τῆς ἀρχαίας τὰ ἐρείπια, Approximately forty stades upstream from the inhabitants by the Cephisus lie the ruins of ancient Ledon. Purely geographical/location description of ruins and distance along the Cephisus.
10.33.1 6 other high καὶ τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς λαβεῖν τὴν πόλιν φασὶν αὐτόχθονος. They say that the city took its name from a native-born man. Etymological note about the city’s name; not a mythic event or historical event.
10.33.2 1 other high κακῶν δὲ ἀπέλαυσαν μὲν ἀνιάτων καὶ ἄλλαι πόλεις διʼ ἀδικίαν ἐπιχωρίων ἀνδρῶν· Other cities too have suffered incurable evils because of wrongdoing by their local men. General antiquarian remark about other cities suffering from local wrongdoing; not a specific mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
10.33.2 2 historical high ἐς τελέαν δὲ ἀπώλειαν ὤλισθον Ἴλιον μὲν διὰ τὴν ἐς Μενέλαον ὕβριν τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου, Μιλήσιοι δὲ διὰ τὸ ἐς τὰς ἐπιθυμίας Ἑστιαίου πρόχειρον καὶ ἔρωτα ἄλλοτε μὲν τῆς ἐν Ἠδωνοῖς πόλεως, τοτὲ δὲ εἶναι Δαρείου σύμβουλον, ἄλλοτε δὲ ἐπανήκειν ἐς Ἰωνίαν· Entire destruction befell Ilium through Alexander's insolence toward Menelaus, and the Milesians as a result of Histiaeus's readiness to indulge his desires—his eagerness at times for the city in Edonian territory, at others to serve as an adviser to Darius, and at another moment to return to Ionia. References the destruction of Ilium and the Milesians in connection with Alexander and Histiaeus/Darius, i.e. historical-causal explanation rather than mythic narrative.
10.33.2 3 historical high καὶ δὴ καὶ Λεδοντίοις Φιλόμηλος ἀσέβειαν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ δημοσίᾳ παρέσχε σφίσιν ἀναμάξασθαι. Likewise, Philomelus brought down impiety publicly upon the Ledontians, causing their utter ruin. Philomelus is a historical figure from the Sacred War, and the sentence describes his action and its consequences for the Ledontians.
10.33.3 1 other high Λίλαια δὲ ἡμέρας μὲν ὁδὸν καὶ ὥρᾳ χειμῶνος ἀπέχει Δελφῶν κατιοῦσι διὰ τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ, στάδια δὲ ἐτεκμαιρόμεθα ὀγδοήκοντα εἶναι τῆς ὁδοῦ καὶ ἑκατόν. Lilaea is about one day's journey from Delphi in wintertime, descending through Parnassus; measured in stades, we assessed the distance to be one hundred and eighty. Purely geographical distance and route description between Delphi and Lilaea.
10.33.3 2 historical medium τοὺς δὲ ἐνταῦθα ἀνθρώπους, καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἀνῳκίσθη αὐτοῖς ἡ πόλις, ἀτύχημα ἐκ Μακεδονίας δεύτερον σφᾶς ἔμελλεν ἐπιλήψεσθαι. After the inhabitants rebuilt their city, they were destined to suffer a second calamity caused by Macedonia. Refers to a later calamity caused by Macedonia, i.e. a historical event affecting the city.
10.33.3 3 historical high πολιορκηθέντες γὰρ ὑπὸ Φιλίππου τοῦ Δημητρίου παρέστησαν κατὰ συνθήκας, καὶ ἐσήχθη φρουρά σφισιν ἐς τὴν πόλιν, ἕως οὗ ἀνὴρ ἐπιχώριος---ὄνομα δέ οἱ ἦν Πάτρων---τούς τε ἐν ἡλικίᾳ τῶν πολιτῶν συνέστησεν ἐπὶ τὴν φρουρὰν καὶ κρατήσας τοὺς Μακεδόνας μάχῃ ἠνάγκασεν ἀπελθεῖν σφᾶς ὑποσπόνδους· Having been besieged by Philip, son of Demetrius, they surrendered on agreed terms, and a Macedonian garrison was introduced into their city; this lasted until a certain local man, named Patron, rallied citizens of military age against the garrison, defeated the Macedonians in battle, and compelled them to depart under a truce. Describes a siege, surrender, garrison, and local resistance involving Philip son of Demetrius and Patron, all post-mythic political-military history.
10.33.3 4 historical high Λιλαιεῖς δὲ αὐτὸν ἀντὶ τῆς εὐεργεσίας ταύτης ἀνέθεσαν ἐς Δελφούς. In gratitude for this service, the people of Lilaea dedicated a statue of Patron at Delphi. A dedications at Delphi by the people of Lilaea commemorates a post-mythic civic act, not a mythic event.
10.33.4 1 other high ἔστι δὲ ἐν Λιλαίᾳ θέατρον καὶ ἀγορά τε καὶ λουτρά· ἔστι δὲ καὶ θεῶν ἱερὰ Ἀπόλλωνος, τὸ δὲ Ἀρτέμιδος· ἀγάλματα δὲ ὀρθὰ ἐργασίας τε τῆς Ἀττικῆς καὶ τῆς Πεντελῆσι λιθοτομίας. In Lilaea there are a theater, a marketplace, and baths; there are also sanctuaries of the gods, one of Apollo and one of Artemis. Purely descriptive inventory of buildings and sanctuaries in Lilaea; no mythic or historical event.
10.33.4 2 mythic high Λίλαιαν δὲ τῶν καλουμένων Ναΐδων καὶ θυγατέρα εἶναι τοῦ Κηφισοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς νύμφης τὸ ὄνομα τεθῆναι τῇ πόλει φασί. Upright statues are set up there, made in Attic style from Pentelic marble. The sentence explains the city's name by deriving it from the nymph Lilaia, daughter of Cephisus, which is mythic etiology.
10.33.5 1 other high καὶ ὁ ποταμὸς ἐνταῦθα ἔχει τὰς πηγάς· Here the river has its sources. Purely geographical description of the river's sources.
10.33.5 2 other high ἄνεισι δὲ ἐκ τῆς γῆς οὐ τὰ πάντα μεθʼ ἡσυχίας, ἀλλʼ ὡς τὰ πλείω συμβαίνειν μεσούσης μάλιστα τῆς ἡμέρας παρέχεται φωνὴν ἀνερχόμενος· It rises from the earth, not always quietly, but for the most part—especially when midday draws near—it produces a sound as it wells upward. Describes a natural/geographical phenomenon of a spring or source, not a mythic or historical event.
10.33.5 3 other high εἰκάσαις ἂν μυκωμένῳ ταύρῳ τὸν ἦχον τοῦ ὕδατος. One might liken the sound of the water to the bellowing of a bull. Purely descriptive simile comparing the sound of water to a bull; no mythic or historical event.
10.33.5 4 other high ἔχει δὲ ἡ Λίλαια καὶ πρὸς τὰς τοῦ ἔτους ὥρας μετοπώρου καὶ ἐν θέρει καὶ ἦρος ἐπιτηδείως· Lilaea possesses a climate suitably temperate during the various seasons—in autumn, summer, and spring. Purely geographical/descriptive note about climate and seasons, with no mythic or historical event.
10.33.5 5 other high τὸν δὲ χειμῶνα μὴ ὁμοίως ἤπιον γίνεσθαι κωλύει τὸ ὄρος ὁ Παρνασσός. But Mount Parnassus prevents its winter from being equally mild. Purely geographical: Mount Parnassus is described as affecting the climate.
10.33.6 1 other high Χαράδρα δὲ εἴκοσιν ἀπωτέρω σταδίοις ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ ὑψηλοῦ κειμένη κρημνοῦ, καὶ ὕδατος οἱ ἐνταῦθα σπανίζουσιν ἄνθρωποι, ποτὸν δέ σφισι ποταμός ἐστι Χάραδρος κατερχομένοις ὅσον τρία ἐπʼ αὐτὸν στάδια· Charadra is situated twenty stadia farther on, standing above a high cliff; the inhabitants here suffer a shortage of water, and their drinking water comes from the Charadrus, a river three stadia away, down toward which they must descend. Purely topographical description of location, terrain, and water supply; no mythic or historical event.
10.33.6 2 other high ἐκδίδωσι δὲ ἐς τὸν Κηφισόν, καί μοι τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ φαίνεται τεθῆναι τοῦ Χαράδρου τῇ πόλει. This river flows into the Cephisus, and it seems to me that the city derived its name from this river, Charadrus. Purely geographical and etymological note about a river and city name.
10.33.6 3 other high Χαραδραίοις δὲ Ἡρώων καλουμένων εἰσὶν ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ βωμοί, καὶ αὐτοὺς οἱ μὲν Διοσκούρων, οἱ δὲ ἐπιχωρίων εἶναί φασιν ἡρώων. The Charadrians have altars in their marketplace dedicated to those called the Heroes; some say that they are altars of the Dioscuri, others claim they belong to local heroes. A note about marketplace altars and conflicting local identifications; descriptive antiquarian material, not an event.
10.33.7 1 other high γῆ δὲ διακεκριμένη ἀρίστη τῆς Φωκίδος ἐστὶν ἡ παρὰ τὸν Κηφισὸν καὶ φυτεῦσαι καὶ σπείρειν καὶ ἀνεῖναι νομάς· The land by the Cephisus is distinctly the best portion of Phocis, suited equally for planting, sowing, and for pasture. Purely geographical and descriptive assessment of land quality; no mythic or historical event.
10.33.7 2 other high καὶ γεωργεῖται ταῦτα μάλιστα τῆς χώρας, ὥστε καὶ λόγος ἐστὶ πόλιν μὲν Παραποταμίους μὴ ὀνομασθῆναι, ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν παρὰ τὸν Κηφισὸν γεωργούντων πεποιῆσθαι τὸ ἔπος, οἵ τʼ ἄρα πὰρ ποταμὸν Κηφισὸν δῖον ἔναιον. Hom. Il. 2.522 It is therefore the most cultivated part of the region, so that there even exists a tradition claiming the city called Parapotamii did not originally bear this name, but rather the Homeric line— "They who dwelt beside the divine river Cephisus" (Il. 2.522) —was originally composed concerning those who farmed the land along the river Cephisus. A geographical/antiquarian note about agricultural land and a local tradition explaining a Homeric line, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
10.33.8 1 other high τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ διάφορα μὲν ἐν τῇ Ἡροδότου συγγραφῇ, διάφορα δέ ἐστιν αὐτῷ καὶ ὅσα ἐπὶ ταῖς νίκαις ταῖς Πυθικαῖς μνημονεύουσιν· In this account there are differences compared with the history of Herodotus, as well as discrepancies regarding the records commemorated for victories in the Pythian Games. This is a textual comparison of sources and inscriptions, not an event or landscape change.
10.33.8 2 other high Ἀμφικτύονες γὰρ Πύθια ἐτίθεσαν πρῶτον, καὶ Αἰχμέας Παραποτάμιος πυγμὴν ἐνίκησεν ἐν παισίν· For it was the Amphictyons who first established the Pythian contests, and Aechmeas of Parapotamii was victorious in boys' boxing. Lists the institution of the Pythian contests and an athletic victor; this is antiquarian/historical notice, not a mythic event.
10.33.8 3 historical high ὡσαύτως δὲ Ἡρόδοτος καταλέγων τὰς πόλεις, ὅσας βασιλεὺς Ξέρξης τῶν ἐν Φωκεῦσιν ἐνέπρησε, καὶ Παραποταμίους κατείλοχεν ἐν αὐταῖς πόλιν. Moreover, Herodotus, enumerating the cities in Phocis burned by King Xerxes, includes Parapotamii among them. Refers to Xerxes' burning of Phocian cities, a post-500 BC historical event.
10.33.8 4 historical high οὐ μέντοι οἱ Παραποτάμιοί γε ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων καὶ Βοιωτῶν ἀνῳκίσθησαν, ἀλλὰ ἐς τὰς ἄλλας πόλεις οἱ ἄνθρωποι κατενεμήθησαν ὑπό τε ἀσθενείας καὶ σπάνει χρημάτων. However, the Parapotamians were not afterward restored by the Athenians and Boeotians; instead, their people were dispersed into other cities due to weakness and poverty. Describes the later dispersal and non-restoration of a community due to weakness and poverty, an aftermath of historical conditions.
10.33.8 5 other high Παραποταμίων μὲν δὴ οὔτε ἐρείπια ἔτι ἦν οὔτε ἔνθα τῆς χώρας ᾠκίσθη ἡ πόλις μνημονεύουσιν· Indeed, no ruins of Parapotamii remain, nor is it remembered at what place in the land their city originally stood. Reports the absence of ruins and uncertainty about the city's location, a geographical/antiquarian observation.
10.33.9 1 other high ὁδὸς δὲ ἡ ἐς Ἀμφίκλειαν σταδίων ἐκ Λιλαίας ἐστὶν ἑξήκοντα. The road from Lilaea to Amphicleia is sixty stades in length. Purely geographical route measurement with no mythic or historical event.
10.33.9 2 other high ταύτην τὴν Ἀμφίκλειαν ἐλυμήναντο οἱ τε ἐπιχώριοι τῷ ὀνόματι, καὶ Ἡρόδοτος μὲν Ἀμφίκαιαν ἐκάλεσεν ἑπόμενος τῷ ἀρχαιοτάτῳ τῶν λόγων, Ἀμφικτύονες δὲ δόγμα ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν πόλεων ἀπωλείᾳ τῶν ἐν Φωκεῦσιν ἐξενεγκόντες ὄνομα ἔθεντο αὐτῇ Ἀμφίκλειαν. This Amphicleia has had its name corrupted by the local inhabitants. A note on corrupted place-name etymology; descriptive/antiquarian, not mythic or historical event.
10.33.9 3 historical high οἱ δὲ ἐπιχώριοι τοιάδε ἐπʼ αὐτῇ λέγουσι· Herodotus, following the most ancient tradition, called the city "Amphicaea," but when the Amphictyonic council passed their decree upon the destruction of the Phocian towns, they gave it the name Amphicleia. Refers to the Amphictyonic council's decree after the destruction of Phocian towns, a post-500 BC historical event affecting the city's name.
10.33.9 4 mythic medium δυνάστην ἄνδρα ἐπιβουλὴν ἐχθρῶν ὑποπτεύσαντα ἐς νήπιον παῖδα καταθέσθαι τὸν παῖδα ἐς ἀγγεῖον, καὶ ἀποκρύψαι τῆς χώρας ἔνθα οἱ ἄδειαν ἔσεσθαι πλείστην ἠπίστατο. The local people relate the following story about it: A local story about hiding a child in a vessel is a legendary/mythic aition, not a historical event.
10.33.9 5 mythic high λύκον μὲν δὴ ἐπιχειρεῖν τῷ παιδί, δράκοντα δὲ ἰσχυρὰν ἔχειν τὴν φρουρὰν ἐσπειραμένον περὶ τὸ ἀγγεῖον. A certain powerful ruler, suspecting enemy plots against his infant child, placed the child in a jar and concealed him in that part of the country where he believed him safest. The sentence concerns a legendary ruler hiding an infant from danger, a mythic story element with no post-500 BC historical event.
10.33.10 1 mythic high ὡς δὲ ὁ πατὴρ ἦλθε τοῦ παιδός, τὸν δράκοντα ἐπιβουλεῦσαι τῷ παιδὶ ἐλπίζων ἀφίησι τὸ ἀκόντιον, καὶ ἐκεῖνόν τε καὶ ὁμοῦ τῷ δράκοντι τὸν παῖδα ἀπέκτεινε· When the child's father arrived, thinking that the serpent was intending harm to his son, he hurled his spear, and slew both the serpent and his child along with it. A serpent attacking a child and the father's fatal spear throw belong to mythic narrative.
10.33.10 2 mythic high διδαχθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ποιμαινόντων ὡς εὐεργέτην καὶ φύλακα τοῦ παιδὸς ἀπεκτονὼς εἴη, πυρὰν τῷ δράκοντι καὶ τῷ παιδὶ ἐποίησεν ἐν κοινῷ. Afterwards, having been informed by the herdsmen that he had killed the creature which had acted as guardian and benefactor to his child, he constructed a common funeral pyre for both the serpent and the boy. The sentence concerns the killing of a serpent guardian and a boy's burial pyre, a mythic narrative event affecting the landscape.
10.33.10 3 mythic high τό τε δὴ χωρίον ἐοικέναι καὶ ἐς τόδε καιομένῃ πυρᾷ φασι καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ δράκοντος ἐκείνου τὴν πόλιν ἐθέλουσιν Ὀφιτείαν ὀνομασθῆναι. Even to this day, they say, the spot resembles a burning pyre, and they wish to believe that it was from this very serpent that the city received its name, Ophiteia. Explains the landscape and city-name as deriving from a serpent, a mythic being.
10.33.11 1 other high †ἃ μάλιστα ἄξιον Διονύσῳ δρῶσιν ὄργια, ἔσοδος δὲ ἐς τὸ ἄδυτον οὐδὲ ἐν φανερῷ σφισιν †ἄγαλμα οὐκ ἔστι. †They perform rites held to be particularly fitting for Dionysus, but there is no entrance into the inner sanctuary for them, nor is there a publicly visible cult image†. Describes cult practice and sanctuary arrangement, not a mythic or historical event.
10.33.11 2 other high λέγεται δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀμφικλειέων μάντιν τέ σφισι τὸν θεὸν τοῦτον καὶ βοηθὸν νόσων καθεστηκέναι· τὰ μὲν δὴ νοσήματα αὐτοῖς Ἀμφικλειεῦσι καὶ τοῖς προσοικοῦσιν ἰᾶται διʼ ὀνειράτων, πρόμαντις δὲ ὁ ἱερεύς ἐστι, χρῷ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ κάτοχος. According to the people of Amphicleia, this god has become for them both a prophet and a helper against sicknesses; he heals the diseases of both the Amphicleians themselves and their neighbors through dreams. Describes local cult practice and healing through dreams, not a specific mythic or historical event.
10.33.12 1 other high Ἀμφικλείας δὲ ἀπωτέρω σταδίοις πεντεκαίδεκά ἐστι Τιθρώνιον ἐν πεδίῳ κειμένη· παρέχεται δὲ οὐδὲν ἐς μνήμην. Fifteen stades farther from Amphicleia lies Tithronion, situated on a plain, but it offers nothing worthy of mention. Purely geographical route description noting the location of Tithronion and that it lacks noteworthy features.
10.33.12 2 other high ἐκ Τιθρωνίου δὲ εἴκοσιν ἐς Δρυμαίαν στάδιοι· From Tithronion it is twenty stades to Drymaia. Straightforward route/distance information between places.
10.33.12 3 other high καθʼ ὅ τι δὲ αὕτη ἡ ὁδὸς καὶ ἡ ἐς Δρυμαίαν ἐξ Ἀμφικλείας ἡ εὐθεῖα περὶ τὸν Κηφισὸν συμμίσγουσιν, ἔστιν Ἀπόλλωνος Τιθρωνεῦσιν ἐνταῦθα ἄλσος τε καὶ βωμοί. At the point where this road and the straight road from Amphicleia to Drymaia join near the river Cephisus, there is a grove and altars of Apollo, who is known here as Tithronean. Purely topographical description of roads, a river junction, and a local cult site; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
10.33.12 4 other high πεποίηται δὲ καὶ ναός· ἄγαλμα δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν. A temple has also been built, but it contains no image. Architectural description of a temple and absence of cult image, not a mythic or historical event.
10.33.12 5 other high ἀπέχει δὲ Ἀμφικλείας ἡ Δρυμαία σταδίους ὀγδοήκοντα ἀποτραπέντι ἐς ἀριστερά Drymaia lies about eighty stades distant from Amphicleia, if one follows a leftward route. Purely geographical route and distance information.
10.33.12 6 mythic high κατὰ Ἡροδότου τοὺς λόγους, Ναυβολεῖς δὲ τὰ ἀρχαιότερα· καὶ οἰκιστὴν οἱ ἐνταῦθα γενέσθαι σφίσι Φώκου παῖδά φασι τοῦ Αἰακοῦ. According to Herodotus, the ancient inhabitants of Drymaia were called Nauboleis, and they themselves say that their founder was a son of Aeacus named Phocus. Mentions the city's founder as Phocus, son of Aeacus, a mythic genealogical foundation story.
10.33.12 7 other high Δήμητρος δὲ Θεσμοφόρου Δρυμαίοις ἱερόν ἐστιν ἀρχαῖον, καὶ ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν λίθου πεποίηται, The Drymaians have an ancient sanctuary dedicated to Demeter Thesmophoros, containing an upright statue made of stone. Describes a sanctuary and statue in situ; antiquarian/topographical rather than an event.
10.33.12 8 other high καὶ αὐτῇ Θεσμοφόρια ἑορτὴν ἄγουσιν ἐπέτειον. Each year the festival known as Thesmophoria is celebrated there in honor of the goddess. Describes an annual festival celebrated there; this is cultic/descriptive, not a mythic event or a post-500 BC historical event.