Pausanias Analysis - Current Sentence Tags 4.18

Chapter 4.18

Passage	Sentence	Bucket	Confidence	Greek	English	Rationale
4.18.1	1	historical	high	Μεσσήνιοι δὲ ὡς ἐς τὴν Εἶραν ἀνῳκίσθησαν, τῆς δὲ ἄλλης ἐξείργοντο πλὴν ὅσον σφίσιν οἱ Πύλιοι τὰ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ καὶ οἱ Μοθωναῖοι διέσωζον, ἢ ἐλῄστευον τήν τε Λακωνικὴν καὶ τὴν σφετέραν, πολεμίαν ἤδη καὶ ταύτην νομίζοντες·	When the Messenians had withdrawn into Eira and were shut out from the rest of their land except for the parts along the sea preserved for them by the Pylians and the Methonaeans, they began raiding both Laconia and their own territory, now regarding even this land as hostile.	Describes the Messenians’ withdrawal and raiding in a historical conflict, not myth.
4.18.1	2	historical	medium	ἄλλοι τε δὴ συνίσταντο ἐς τὰς καταδρομάς, ὡς ἕκαστοι τύχοιεν, καὶ Ἀριστομένης δὲ τοὺς περὶ αὑτὸν λογάδας ἐς τριακοσίων ἀριθμὸν προήγαγεν.	They gathered together in separate bands, as chance might allow; and Aristomenes himself assembled his chosen followers, numbering three hundred, and led them forth.	A named military leader assembling three hundred followers for a campaign is an event in the historical narrative rather than myth or description.
4.18.2	1	historical	high	ἦγον μὲν δὴ τὰ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ ἔφερον ὅ τι καὶ δύναιτο αὐτῶν ἕκαστος, ἑλόντες δὲ σῖτον καὶ βοσκήματα καὶ οἶνον ἀνήλισκον, ἔπιπλα δὲ καὶ ἀνθρώπους ἀπεδίδοσαν χρημάτων·	Indeed, the Messenians were driving away the property of the Lacedaemonians and carrying off whatever each was able; they consumed grain, livestock, and wine whenever they seized it, but furniture and people they exchanged for money.	Describes wartime plundering and commerce between Messenians and Lacedaemonians, a historical conflict scene.
4.18.2	2	historical	high	ὥστε καὶ ἐποιήσαντο οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι δόγμα, ἅτε τοῖς ἐν τῇ Εἴρᾳ μᾶλλον ἢ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς γεωργοῦντες, τὴν Μεσσηνίαν καὶ τῆς Λακωνικῆς τὴν προσεχῆ, ἕως ἂν πολεμῶσιν, ἐᾶν ἄσπορον.	Thus the Lacedaemonians passed a decree—since they seemed rather to be farming for those in Eira than for themselves—that, as long as the war lasted, Messenia and the neighboring parts of Laconia should be left uncultivated.	Refers to a Lacedaemonian decree during the Messenian war, a post-500 BC historical event affecting cultivation of the landscape.
4.18.3	1	historical	high	καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου σιτοδεία ἐγένετο ἐν Σπάρτῃ καὶ ὁμοῦ τῇ σιτοδείᾳ στάσις·	After this, there was a famine in Sparta, and at the same time as the famine, civil strife arose; for those who possessed property in that region could not tolerate seeing their own lands lie uncultivated.	Reports famine and civil strife in Sparta, an event of historical civic disorder rather than myth.
4.18.3	2	historical	high	οὐ γὰρ ἠνείχοντο οἱ ταύτῃ τὰ κτήματα ἔχοντες τὰ σφέτερα ἀργὰ εἶναι.	Tyrtaeus reconciled these disputes among them.	Refers to Tyrtaeus mediating disputes, a historical figure/activity rather than mythic material.
4.18.3	3	historical	high	καὶ τούτοις μὲν τὰ διάφορα διέλυε Τυρταῖος·	Aristomenes, meanwhile, taking his chosen troops, made his departure around late evening, and because of his great speed, he arrived at Amyclae before sunrise.	Mentions Tyrtaeus, a historical poet; this is an antiquarian/historical reference rather than mythic narrative.
4.18.3	4	historical	medium	Ἀριστομένης δὲ ἔχων τοὺς λογάδας τὴν μὲν ἔξοδον περὶ βαθεῖαν ἐποιήσατο ἑσπέραν, ἔφθη δὲ ὑπὸ τάχους τὴν ἐς Ἀμύκλας ἀνύσας πρὸ ἀνίσχοντος ἡλίου, καὶ Ἀμύκλας τὸ πόλισμα εἷλέ τε καὶ διήρπασε καὶ τὴν ἀποχώρησιν ἐποιήσατο πρὶν ἢ τοὺς ἐκ τῆς Σπάρτης προσβοηθῆσαι.	He captured and plundered the settlement of Amyclae and withdrew again before the Spartans could march out to help.	Aristomenes and the Messenian raids belong to the historical/legendary-historical period after 500 BC, not mythic antiquity.
4.18.4	1	historical	high	κατέτρεχε δὲ καὶ ὕστερον τὴν χώραν, ἐς ὃ Λακεδαιμονίων λόχοις πλέον ἢ τοῖς ἡμίσεσι καὶ τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ἀμφοτέροις συμβαλὼν ἄλλα τε ἔσχεν ἀμυνόμενος τραύματα καὶ πληγέντι ὑπὸ λίθου τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῷ σκοτοδινιῶσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί.	Afterward, he continued to devastate the land until, having fought against more than half of the Spartan infantry companies and both Spartan kings, he suffered many wounds while defending himself; struck on the head by a stone, his vision began swimming.	Describes a Spartan military engagement and injuries in a post-mythic historical context.
4.18.4	2	historical	medium	καὶ πεσόντα ἀθρόοι τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἐπιδραμόντες ζῶντα αἱροῦσιν·	When he fell, the Spartans rushed upon him together and seized him alive.	Refers to a combat episode involving Spartans; this is a historical event rather than mythic or descriptive.
4.18.4	3	historical	high	ἥλωσαν δὲ καὶ τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν ἐς πεντήκοντα.	About fifty of his companions were also captured at that time.	A military capture of companions is a historical event, not mythic or merely descriptive.
4.18.4	4	historical	high	τούτους ἔγνωσαν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ῥῖψαι πάντας ἐς τὸν Κεάδαν·	The Spartans resolved to cast all these men into the Ceadas—the pit into which they throw those upon whom they inflict the most severe punishments.	Refers to a Spartan punitive act and a named historical pit used for executions, not myth.
4.18.5	1	mythic	high	οἱ μὲν δὴ ἄλλοι Μεσσηνίων ἐσπίπτοντες ἀπώλλυντο αὐτίκα, Ἀριστομένην δὲ ἔς τε τὰ ἄλλα θεῶν τις καὶ δὴ καὶ τότε ἐφύλασσεν·	The other Messenians, rushing in, perished immediately; but Aristomenes was protected by one of the gods both on other occasions and especially at this moment.	Aristomenes being protected by a god is a mythic event.
4.18.5	2	mythic	high	οἱ δὲ ἀποσεμνύνοντες τὰ κατʼ αὐτὸν Ἀριστομένει φασὶν ἐμβληθέντι ἐς τὸν Κεάδαν ὄρνιθα τὸν ἀετὸν ὑποπέτεσθαι καὶ ἀνέχειν ταῖς πτέρυξιν, ἐς ὃ κατήνεγκεν αὐτὸν ἐς τὸ πέρας οὔτε πηρωθέντα οὐδὲν τοῦ σώματος οὔτε τραῦμά τι λαβόντα.	Those who glorify Aristomenes' deeds declare that when he was thrown into the Ceadas, an eagle flew beneath him and supported him with its wings, carrying him down safely to the bottom without injury to his body or sustaining any wound.	Miraculous eagle intervention in Aristomenes' legend is a mythic event.
4.18.5	3	mythic	medium	ἔμελλε δὲ ἄρα καὶ αὐτόθεν ὁ δαίμων ἔξοδον ἀποφαίνειν αὐτῷ.	Indeed, even from that place, the divine power was later to reveal to him a way of escape.	Refers to a divine power providing an escape, which is a mythic/supernatural intervention.
4.18.6	1	mythic	high	καὶ ὁ μὲν ὡς ἐς τὸ τέρμα ἦλθε τοῦ βαράθρου, κατεκλίθη τε καὶ ἐφελκυσάμενος τὴν χλαμύδα ἀνέμενεν ὡς πάντως οἱ ἀποθανεῖν πεπρωμένον·	When he reached the bottom of the pit, he lay down and, wrapping the cloak tightly around him, awaited what he was certain would inevitably be his death.	A man reaching the bottom of a pit and awaiting death is part of a legendary narrative, not a historical or descriptive note.
4.18.6	2	other	high	τρίτῃ δὲ ὕστερον ἡμέρᾳ ψόφου τε αἰσθάνεται καὶ ἐκκαλυψάμενος---ἐδύνατο δὲ ἤδη διὰ τοῦ σκότους διορᾶν---ἀλώπεκα εἶδεν ἁπτομένην τῶν νεκρῶν.	But after the third day he heard a noise and uncovering himself—by now his eyes had adjusted enough to the darkness—he saw a fox touching the corpses.	A descriptive narrative detail about a fox by corpses; no mythic or historical event.
4.18.6	3	other	high	ὑπονοήσας δὲ ἔσοδον εἶναι τῷ θηρίῳ ποθέν, ἀνέμενεν ἐγγύς οἱ τὴν ἀλώπεκα γενέσθαι, γενομένης δὲ λαμβάνεται·	Suspecting that the animal had some entrance, he waited until the fox drew near him, and as it approached, he seized it.	A narrative action involving a fox and a trap-like situation; descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
4.18.6	4	other	high	τῇ δὲ ἑτέρᾳ χειρί, ὁπότε ἐς αὐτὸν ἐπιστρέφοιτο, τὴν χλαμύδα προὔβαλλέν οἱ καὶ δάκνειν παρεῖχε.	Whenever the animal turned toward him, he thrust forward his cloak with his other hand, allowing it something to bite.	A descriptive action in a scene; no mythic or historical event.
4.18.6	5	other	high	τὰ μὲν δὴ πλείω θεούσῃ συνέθει, τὰ δὲ ἄγαν δυσέξοδα καὶ ἐφείλκετο ὑπʼ αὐτῆς·	He followed the fox closely as it darted about; through most places he struggled to keep pace, and in particularly narrow spots he was guided by it as it pulled him onward.	Purely descriptive narrative of movement through terrain; no mythic or historical event.
4.18.6	6	other	high	ὀψὲ δέ ποτε ὀπήν τε εἶδεν ἀλώπεκι ἐς διάδυσιν ἱκανὴν καὶ φέγγος διʼ αὐτῆς.	Finally, after some time, he saw a hole large enough for the fox to slip through, and daylight shining beyond it.	Describes a physical opening and light seen through it; purely descriptive/geographical, not mythic or historical.
4.18.7	1	mythic	high	καὶ τὴν μέν, ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀριστομένους ἠλευθερώθη, τὸ φωλίον ἔμελλεν ὑποδέξεσθαι· Ἀριστομένης δὲ---οὐ γάρ τι ἡ ὀπὴ καὶ τούτῳ παρέχειν ἐδύνατο ἔξοδον---εὐρυτέραν τε ταῖς χερσὶν ἐποίησε καὶ οἴκαδε ἐς τὴν Εἶραν ἀποσώζεται,	As for the foxhole, it was destined to receive the girl, after she had been freed by Aristomenes; Aristomenes himself, however—for the opening could not provide an exit even for him—enlarged it with his hands and managed to return safely to his home at Eira.	Aristomenes and the girl's rescue are legendary/mythic narrative material.
4.18.7	2	mythic	high	παραδόξῳ μὲν τῇ τύχῃ καὶ ἐς τὴν ἅλωσιν χρησάμενος, τὸ γάρ οἱ φρόνημα ἦν καὶ τὰ τολμήματα μείζονα ἢ ὡς ἐλπίσαι τινὰ Ἀριστομένην αἰχμάλωτον ἂν γενέσθαι, παραδοξοτέρα δέ ἐστι καὶ πάντων προδηλότατα οὐκ ἄνευ θεοῦ ἡ ἐκ τοῦ Κεάδα σωτηρία.	Extraordinary indeed was his fate, both in having fallen prisoner in such a manner—for his spirit and daring deeds were so great that no one could have expected Aristomenes to become captive—and more astonishing still, clearly demonstrating above all else that his rescue from the Ceadas was not without divine intervention.	Aristomenes' escape from the Ceadas is presented as a divine, legendary episode affecting his fate.