Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 8.25

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
8.25.1 1 other high ἐς δὲ Θέλπουσαν ἰόντι ἐκ Ψωφῖδος πρῶτα μὲν χωρίον Τρόπαιά ἐστιν ὀνομαζόμενον ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τοῦ Λάδωνος, Τροπαίων δὲ ἔχεται δρυμὸς Ἀφροδίσιον· τρίτα δέ ἐστιν ἀρχαῖα ἐν στήλῃ γράμματα, ὅροι Ψωφιδίοις πρὸς τὴν Θελπουσίαν χώραν. On the way from Psophis to Thelpousa, the first place encountered is called Tropaea, situated on the left bank of the Ladon river. Purely topographical route description locating Tropaea on the bank of the Ladon.
8.25.1 2 other high ἐν δὲ τῇ γῇ τῇ Θελπουσίᾳ ποταμός ἐστιν Ἄρσην καλούμενος· τοῦτον οὖν διαβήσῃ καὶ ὅσον πέντε ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σταδίοις ἀφίξῃ καὶ εἴκοσι ἐπὶ ἐρείπια Καοῦντος κώμης ὃ καὶ ἱερὸν Ἀσκληπιοῦ Καουσίου πεποιημένον ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ. Next to Tropaea is the grove Aphrodision, and thirdly there are ancient inscriptions carved on a stele marking the boundaries of Psophidian territory toward the land of Thelpousa. Purely topographical and route description: a river crossing, distance, and ruined village/temple remain.
8.25.2 1 other high τοῦ δὲ ἱεροῦ τούτου σταδίους τεσσαράκοντα μάλιστα ἀφέστηκεν ἡ πόλις· The city stands around forty stades distant from this sanctuary. Purely geographical distance from a sanctuary to the city.
8.25.2 2 mythic high τεθῆναι δὲ αὐτῇ ὄνομα ἀπὸ νύμφης λέγουσι Θελπούσης, ταύτην δὲ θυγατέρα εἶναι Λάδωνος. They say it was named after the nymph Thelpusa, who is said to have been a daughter of Ladon. The sentence explains the place-name through a nymph, a mythic figure, and her divine genealogy.
8.25.2 3 other high τῷ δὲ Λάδωνι ἄρχεται μὲν τὸ ὕδωρ ἐν πηγαῖς τῆς Κλειτορίας, καθὰ ὁ λόγος ἐδήλωσεν ἤδη μοι· The water of the Ladon begins in springs at Kleitoria, as I have already described. Purely geographical description of a river's source, with no mythic or historical event.
8.25.2 4 other high ῥεῖ δὲ πρῶτον μὲν παρὰ Λευκάσιον χωρίον καὶ Μεσόβοα καὶ διὰ τῶν Νάσων ἐπί τε Ὄρυγα τὸν καὶ Ἁλοῦντα ὀνομαζόμενον, ἐξ Ἁλοῦντος δὲ ἐπὶ Θαλιάδας τε καὶ ἐπὶ Δήμητρος ἱερὸν κάτεισιν Ἐλευσινίας. It flows first near the place Leukasion and Mesoboa, then through the Nasoi, on toward Oryx, also called Halous; and from Halous it descends toward Thaliades and the sanctuary of Demeter Eleusinia. Purely geographic route of the river past named places and a sanctuary; no event is being narrated.
8.25.3 1 other high τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τοῦτο ἔστι μὲν Θελπουσίων ἐν ὅροις· This sanctuary lies within the territory of Thelpousa. Purely locates the sanctuary in Thelpousa’s territory; geographical description.
8.25.3 2 other high ἀγάλματα δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ, ποδῶν ἑπτὰ οὐκ ἀποδέον ἕκαστον, Δήμητρός ἐστι καὶ ἡ παῖς καὶ ὁ Διόνυσος, τὰ πάντα ὁμοίως λίθου. Inside, there are stone statues, each nearly seven feet tall, representing Demeter, her daughter, and Dionysus, all similarly made of stone. Describes temple statuary and materials, which is antiquarian/descriptive rather than a mythic or historical event.
8.25.3 3 other high μετὰ δὲ τῆς Ἐλευσινίας τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ Θέλπουσαν τὴν πόλιν ὁ Λάδων παρέξεισιν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ, κειμένην μὲν ἐπὶ λόφου μεγάλου, τὰ πλείω δὲ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἔρημον, ὥστε καὶ τὴν ἀγορὰν ἐπὶ τῷ πέρατι οὖσάν φασιν ἐν τῷ μεσαιτάτῳ ποιηθῆναι τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς. Past the sanctuary of Eleusinian Demeter, the Ladon river flows by the city of Thelpousa on the left. Purely topographical route description of the river and city location; no mythic or historical event.
8.25.3 4 other high ἔστι δὲ ἐν Θελπούσῃ ναὸς Ἀσκληπιοῦ καὶ θεῶν ἱερὸν τῶν δώδεκα· The city is positioned upon a lofty hill but has been mostly deserted in our times, so that even the agora, which is now at its farthest edge, was originally situated in the very center. Describes a temple and sanctuary in Telpousa; this is topographical/antiquarian, not a mythic or historical event.
8.25.4 1 other high τούτου τὰ πολλὰ ἐς ἔδαφος ἔκειτο ἤδη. Most of this temple already lay in ruins. Describes the present condition of a temple as ruins; purely descriptive/architectural, not mythic or historical event.
8.25.4 2 other high μετὰ δὲ Θέλπουσαν ἐπὶ τὸ ἱερὸν τῆς Δήμητρος ὁ Λάδων κάτεισι τὸ ἐν Ὀγκείῳ· After passing Thelpousa, the river Ladon flows down toward the sanctuary of Demeter at Onkeion. Purely geographical description of the river’s course and a sanctuary location, without a mythic or historical event.
8.25.4 3 mythic high καλοῦσι δὲ Ἐρινὺν οἱ Θελπούσιοι τὴν θεόν, ὁμολογεῖ δέ σφισι καὶ Ἀντίμαχος ἐπιστρατείαν Ἀργείων ποιήσας ἐς Θήβας· The Thelpusians call the goddess Erinys (Fury), and Antimachus agrees with them, having recorded the Argives’ expedition against Thebes. Refers to the Argives’ expedition against Thebes, a mythic Theban campaign.
8.25.4 4 other high καί οἱ τὸ ἔπος ἔχει, He has expressed this in the verse: This is a textual reference to a verse being quoted, not a mythic or historical event.
8.25.4 5 mythic high Δήμητρος τόθι φασὶν Ἐρινύος εἶναι ἔδεθλον. "There, they say, is the seat of Demeter Erinys." Demeter Erinys is a divine/mythic cult association, not a historical event or mere geography.
8.25.4 6 other high Antimachus, unknown location. Of this Antimachus nothing further is known. Purely antiquarian note identifying a person as otherwise unknown; no mythic or historical event.
8.25.4 7 mythic high ὁ μὲν δὴ Ὄγκιος Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστι κατὰ τὴν φήμην καὶ ἐν τῇ Θελπουσίᾳ περὶ τὸ χωρίον ἐδυνάστευε τὸ Ὄγκιον, Onkeios, according to tradition, was a surname of Apollo, who once held lordship over that region around Thelpousa called Onkeion. Apollo's former lordship over the Onkeion is a mythic aetiological claim about the landscape.
8.25.4 8 mythic high τῇ θεῷ δὲ Ἐρινὺς γέγονεν ἐπίκλησις· Yet the goddess received the surname Erinys (Fury). A divine surname tied to the Erinyes is mythological, reflecting cultic/mythic characterization of the goddess.
8.25.5 1 mythic high πλανωμένῃ γὰρ τῇ Δήμητρι, ἡνίκα τὴν παῖδα ἐζήτει, λέγουσιν ἕπεσθαί οἱ τὸν Ποσειδῶνα ἐπιθυμοῦντα αὐτῇ μιχθῆναι. For when Demeter was wandering while searching for her daughter, they say that Poseidon followed after her, desiring to unite with her. Demeter and Poseidon are mythic figures, and the sentence describes a mythic pursuit during Demeter's search for Persephone.
8.25.5 2 mythic high καὶ τὴν μὲν ἐς ἵππον μεταβαλοῦσαν ὁμοῦ ταῖς ἵπποις νέμεσθαι ταῖς Ὀγκίου, Ποσειδῶν δὲ συνίησεν ἀπατώμενος καὶ συγγίνεται τῇ Δήμητρι ἄρσενι ἵππῳ καὶ αὐτὸς εἰκασθείς. She changed herself into a mare and grazed together with the horses of Onkios; but Poseidon, realizing her deception, assumed the form of a stallion and thus united with Demeter. Describes the myth of Demeter and Poseidon transforming into horses and mating, a mythic event.
8.25.6 1 mythic high τὸ μὲν δὴ παραυτίκα τὴν Δήμητρα ἐπὶ τῷ συμβάντι ἔχειν ὀργίλως, χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον τοῦ τε θυμοῦ παύσασθαι καὶ τῷ Λάδωνι ἐθελῆσαί φασιν αὐτὴν λούσασθαι· At first, indeed, Demeter became angry at what had happened, but later, they say, her anger abated, and she chose willingly to bathe herself in the Ladon river. Demeter’s anger and bathing in the Ladon are mythic actions affecting the landscape.
8.25.6 2 mythic high ἐπὶ τούτῳ καὶ ἐπικλήσεις τῇ θεῷ γεγόνασι, τοῦ μηνίματος μὲν ἕνεκα Ἐρινύς, ὅτι τὸ θυμῷ χρῆσθαι καλοῦσιν ἐρινύειν οἱ Ἀρκάδες, Λουσία δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ λούσασθαι τῷ Λάδωνι. For this reason, the goddess gained additional surnames: "Erinys," because among the Arcadians anger is called "erinuein," and "Lousia" due to her bathing in the Ladon. Explains cult epithets derived from a goddess's mythic bathing in the Ladon and a mythic association with anger.
8.25.6 3 other high τὰ δὲ ἀγάλματά ἐστι τὰ ἐν τῷ ναῷ ξύλου, πρόσωπα δέ σφισι καὶ χεῖρες ἄκραι καὶ πόδες εἰσὶ Παρίου λίθου· The images within the temple are made of wood, but their faces, and the ends of their hands and feet, are made of Parian marble. Purely descriptive material about the temple images’ materials, with no mythic or historical event.
8.25.7 1 mythic high τὸ μὲν δὴ τῆς Ἐρινύος τήν τε κίστην καλουμένην ἔχει καὶ ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ δᾷδα, μέγεθος δὲ εἰκάζομεν ἐννέα εἶναι ποδῶν αὐτήν· The statue of the Erinys holds what is called a cista, and in her right hand a torch; we estimate the figure to be about nine feet tall. The Erinys is a mythic figure, and the sentence describes her cult statue and attributes.
8.25.7 2 other high ἡ Λουσία δὲ ποδῶν ἓξ ἐφαίνετο εἶναι. The statue of Lousia appeared to be six feet in height. A descriptive note about the statue’s size, with no mythic or historical event.
8.25.7 3 other high ὅσοι δὲ Θέμιδος καὶ οὐ Δήμητρος τῆς Λουσίας τὸ ἄγαλμα εἶναι νομίζουσι, μάταια ἴστωσαν ὑπειληφότες. Those who think that this statue of Lousia represents Themis rather than Demeter should know they are holding a mistaken opinion. A descriptive identification of a statue and a correction of its attribution; not a mythic event or historical event.
8.25.7 4 mythic high τὴν δὲ Δήμητρα τεκεῖν φασιν ἐκ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος θυγατέρα, ἧς τὸ ὄνομα ἐς ἀτελέστους λέγειν οὐ νομίζουσι, καὶ ἵππον τὸν Ἀρείονα· It is said that Demeter gave birth, by Poseidon, to a daughter whose name they do not consider proper to reveal to the uninitiated, and also to the horse Areion. Gives a divine birth from Demeter and Poseidon and names the mythic horse Areion.
8.25.7 5 mythic medium ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ παρὰ σφίσιν Ἀρκάδων πρώτοις Ἵππιον Ποσειδῶνα ὀνομασθῆναι. For this reason, they say, the Arcadians first named Poseidon Hippios ("Horse-god"). Names Poseidon with an epithet tied to an etiological myth about the Arcadians.
8.25.8 1 mythic high ἐπάγονται δὲ ἐξ Ἰλιάδος ἔπη καὶ ἐκ Θηβαΐδος μαρτύριά σφισιν εἶναι τῷ λόγῳ, They bring in quotations from the Iliad as well as from the Thebaid as evidence to support their account. Cites epic poems about mythic events as support.
8.25.8 2 mythic high ἐν μὲν Ἰλιάδι ἐς αὐτὸν Ἀρείονα πεποιῆσθαι, οὐδʼ εἴ κεν μετόπισθεν Ἀρείονα δῖον ἐλαύνοι, Ἀδρήστου ταχὺν ἵππον, ὃς ἐκ θεόφιν γένος ἦεν· In the Iliad, Arion himself is mentioned: "Nor even if he drove behind noble Arion, Adrastus' swift horse, that was of divine descent." Refers to Arion and Adrastus' divine horse from heroic myth and the Iliad.
8.25.8 3 other high Hom. Il. 23.346 (Hom. Il. 23.346) A Homeric citation is a literary reference, not itself a mythic or historical event.
8.25.8 4 mythic high ἐν δὲ τῇ Θηβαΐδι ὡς Ἄδραστος ἔφευγεν ἐκ Θηβῶν εἵματα λυγρὰ φέρων σὺν Ἀρείονι κυανοχαίτῃ. And in the Thebaid, how Adrastus fled from Thebes: "Wearing mournful garments, together with dark-maned Arion." Adrastus’ flight from Thebes belongs to the mythic cycle of the Seven against Thebes.
8.25.8 5 other high Thebaid, unknown location. (Thebaid, unknown location) A location note identifying the Thebaid as unknown is geographical/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
8.25.8 6 mythic high αἰνίσσεσθαι οὖν ἐθέλουσι τὰ ἔπη Ποσειδῶνα Ἀρείονι εἶναι πατέρα, Ἀντίμαχος δὲ παῖδα εἶναι Γῆς φησιν· Thus, by these verses they wish to intimate that Poseidon was Arion's father, although Antimachus asserts that Arion was the offspring of Earth. Arion's parentage by Poseidon or Earth is a mythic genealogy, not a historical event.
8.25.9 1 mythic high Ἄδρηστος Ταλαὼ υἱὸς Κρηθηιάδαο πρώτιστος Δαναῶν ἑὼ αἰνέτω ἤλασεν ἵππω, Καιρόν τε κραιπνὸν καὶ Ἀρείονα Θελπουσαῖον, τόν ῥά τʼ Ἀπόλλωνος σχεδὸν ἄλσεος Ὀγκαίοιο αὐτὴ Γαῖʼ ἀνέδωκε, σέβας θνητοῖσιν ἰδέσθαι. Adrastus, son of Talaus and descendant of Cretheus, was the very first of the Danaans who drove his famous horses: swift Caerus, and Arion from Thelpusa, whom Earth herself brought forth near the grove of Apollo Ogygius, a marvel for mortals to behold. Adrastus and Arion/Caerus are mythic figures, and the sentence describes Arion’s wondrous birth from Earth.
8.25.9 2 other high Antimachus, unknown location. Antimachus, unknown location. A bare place-name identification is geographical/antiquarian, not a mythic or historical event.
8.25.10 1 mythic high δύναιτο δʼ ἂν καὶ ἀναφύντι ἐκ γῆς τῷ ἵππῳ ἐκ θεοῦ τε εἶναι τὸ γένος καὶ αἱ τρίχες οἱ τὴν χρόαν ἐοικέναι κυανῷ. One could believe also from the horse's having sprung forth from the earth that its lineage was divine, and also from its hairs, whose color resembled dark blue. The horse's springing from the earth and divine lineage are mythic origin claims.
8.25.10 2 mythic high λέγεται δὲ καὶ τοιάδε, Ἡρακλέα πολεμοῦντα Ἠλείοις αἰτῆσαι παρʼ Ὄγκου τὸν ἵππον καὶ ἑλεῖν τὴν Ἦλιν ἐπὶ τῷ Ἀρείονι ὀχούμενον ἐς τὰς μάχας, δοθῆναι δὲ ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους ὕστερον Ἀδράστῳ τὸν ἵππον. This story too is told: that when Heracles was waging war against the Eleans, he requested the horse from Oncus, and having received Arion mounted him into battle and so captured Elis; and that afterward, Heracles gave this horse to Adrastus. Heracles, Arion, and Adrastus belong to heroic myth; the sentence narrates a mythic war and its legendary aftermath.
8.25.10 3 mythic high ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ ἐς τὸν Ἀρείονα ἐποίησεν Ἀντίμαχος ὅς ῥά ποτʼ Ἀδρήστῳ τριτάτῳ δέδμηθʼ ὑπʼ ἄνακτι. It is about this very Arion that Antimachus composed the following lines: "Who once was mastered by lord Adrastus as the third possessor." References Arion and Adrastus, figures from mythic tradition rather than historical events.
8.25.11 1 other high ὁ δὲ Λάδων τῆς Ἐρινύος τὸ ἱερὸν ἀπολιπὼν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ, παρέξεισιν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ μὲν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τοῦ Ὀγκαιάτου τὸν ναόν, τὰ δὲ ἐν δεξιᾷ παρὰ Ἀσκληπιοῦ Παιδὸς ἱερόν, ἔνθα Τρυγόνος μνῆμά ἐστι τροφοῦ · The Ladon, after leaving the sanctuary of Erinys on the left, next passes on the left the temple of Apollo Ongaeates, and on the right a sanctuary of Asclepius Païs, where lies the tomb of Trygone, his nurse. A route description listing sanctuaries, temple locations, and a tomb; primarily geographical/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
8.25.11 2 mythic high τροφὸν δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὴν Τρυγόνα εἶναι λέγουσιν· They say that Trygone was nurse to Asclepius. Trygone is said to have been nurse to Asclepius, a mythic figure.
8.25.11 3 mythic high ἐν γὰρ τῇ Θελπούσῃ τῷ Ἀσκληπιῷ παιδὶ ἐκκειμένῳ φασὶν ἐπιτυχόντα Αὐτόλαον Ἀρκάδος υἱὸν νόθον ἀνελέσθαι τὸ παιδίον, καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ παῖδα Ἀσκληπιὸν εἰκότα εἶναι μᾶλλον ἡγούμην, ὃ καὶ ἐδήλωσα ἐν τοῖς Ἐπιδαυρίων. For when the child Asclepius had been exposed at Thelpousa, Autolaus, an illegitimate son of Arcas, chanced upon him, picked up the infant, and thereupon I considered it more likely that Asclepius was indeed a child, a matter I have already explained in my discussion of the Epidaurians. Describes the mythic infancy of Asclepius and an etiological variant about his exposure at Thelpousa.
8.25.12 1 other high ἔστι δὲ Τουθόα ποταμός· There is a river called Tuthoa. Simple geographical identification of a river; no mythic or historical event.
8.25.12 2 other high ἐμβάλλει δὲ ἐς τὸν Λάδωνα καὶ ἡ Τουθόα κατὰ τὸν Θελπουσίων ὅρον πρὸς Ἡραιεῖς, καλούμενον δὲ ὑπὸ Ἀρκάδων Πεδίον. It also flows into the Ladon, and Tuthoa lies along the boundary between Thelpusa and Heraea, an area Arcadians call "Pedion" (Plain). Purely geographical description of river flow and local boundary/place-name.
8.25.12 3 other high καθότι δὲ αὐτὸς ὁ Λάδων ἐκδίδωσιν ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειόν, Κοράκων ὠνόμασται νᾶσος. At the point where the Ladon itself empties into the Alpheios, there is an island known as Korakon ("of the crows"). Purely geographical description of a river confluence and a named island.
8.25.12 4 other high οἱ δὲ ἥγηνται τὴν Ἐνίσπην καὶ Στρατίην τε καὶ Ῥίπην τὰς ὑπὸ Ὁμήρου κατειλεγμένας γενέσθαι νήσους ποτὲ ἐν τῷ Λάδωνι ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων οἰκουμένας, ἃ οἱ πεπιστευκότες μάταια ἴστωσαν· Some believe that Enispe, Stratie, and Rhipe—mentioned by Homer in his verses—were once islands located within the Ladon river and inhabited by men; but those who trust in such accounts should know that their beliefs are in vain. Geographical/antiquarian report about Homeric islands and river landscape, with scepticism rather than myth or history.
8.25.13 1 other high οὐ γὰρ ἄν ποτε οὐδὲ νηὶ παρισουμένας πορθμίδι παράσχοιτο ὁ Λάδων νήσους. For the Ladon would never offer islands that could rival even a ferry-boat in size. Purely descriptive comparison of the Ladon river and island size; no mythic or historical event.
8.25.13 2 other high κάλλους μὲν γὰρ ἕνεκα οὐδενὸς ποταμῶν δεύτερος οὔτε τῶν βαρβαρικῶν ἐστιν οὔτε Ἕλληνος, μέγεθος δὲ οὐ τοσοῦτος ὡς ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ νήσους ἀναφαίνεσθαι καθάπερ ἐν Ἴστρῳ τε καὶ Ἠριδανῷ. Indeed, in beauty it is second to none of the rivers, neither among the barbarian nor among the Greek; yet it is not large enough for islands to appear in it, as they do in both the Ister and the Eridanus. Purely descriptive comparison of a river’s beauty and size; no mythic or historical event.