Pausanias Analysis

Passage 1.1.1 Class: Historical

τῆς ἠπείρου τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς κατὰ νήσους τὰς Κυκλάδας καὶ πέλαγος τὸ Αἰγαῖον ἄκρα Σούνιον πρόκειται γῆς τῆς Ἀττικῆς· καὶ λιμήν τε παραπλεύσαντι τὴν ἄκραν ἐστὶ καὶ ναὸς Ἀθηνᾶς Σουνιάδος ἐπὶ κορυφῇ τῆς ἄκρας. πλέοντι δὲ ἐς τὸ πρόσω Λαύριόν τέ ἐστιν, ἔνθα ποτὲ Ἀθηναίοις ἦν ἀργύρου μέταλλα, καὶ νῆσος ἔρημος οὐ μεγάλη Πατρόκλου καλουμένη· τεῖχος γὰρ ᾠκοδομήσατο ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ χάρακα ἐβάλετο Πάτροκλος, ὃς τριήρεσιν ὑπέπλει ναύαρχος Αἰγυπτίαις, ἃς Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Λάγου τιμωρεῖν ἔστειλεν Ἀθηναίοις, ὅτε σφίσιν Ἀντίγονος ὁ Δημητρίου στρατιᾷ τε αὐτὸς ἐσβεβληκὼς ἔφθειρε τὴν χώραν καὶ ναυσὶν ἅμα ἐκ θαλάσσης κατεῖργεν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγαῖον (πέλαγος) Αἰγύπτια (ναῦς) Δημήτριος Κυκλάδες Λαύριον Πάτροκλος Πάτροκλος Πτολεμαῖος Πτολεμαῖος Λάγος Σούνιον Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηνᾶ Σουνιάς Ἀντίγονος Ἀττική Ἑλληνική

Off the Greek mainland, opposite the islands called the Cyclades and the Aegean Sea, lies the promontory of Sounion, belonging to the land of Attica. After sailing around this headland, there is a harbor, and on the summit of the promontory a temple of Athena Sounias. Sailing onward, one reaches Laurion, where once were the silver mines belonging to the Athenians, and a small, deserted island called Patroklos. For Patroklos, commander of the Egyptian ships, built a fortification and erected a palisade on this island. Ptolemy, the son of Ptolemy, son of Lagos, had sent these Egyptian vessels to aid the Athenians when Antigonos, son of Demetrios, had invaded Attica with an army, ravaging the land and blockading it from the sea simultaneously with his fleet.

Passage 1.1.2 Class: Mythic

ὁ δὲ Πειραιεὺς δῆμος μὲν ἦν ἐκ παλαιοῦ, πρότερον δὲ πρὶν ἢ Θεμιστοκλῆς Ἀθηναίοις ἦρξεν ἐπίνειον οὐκ ἦν· Φαληρὸν δέ---ταύτῃ γὰρ ἐλάχιστον ἀπέχει τῆς πόλεως ἡ θάλασσα---, τοῦτό σφισιν ἐπίνειον ἦν, καὶ Μενεσθέα φασὶν αὐτόθεν ταῖς ναυσὶν ἐς Τροίαν ἀναχθῆναι καὶ τούτου πρότερον Θησέα δώσοντα Μίνῳ δίκας τῆς Ἀνδρόγεω τελευτῆς. Θεμιστοκλῆς δὲ ὡς ἦρξε---τοῖς τε γὰρ πλέουσιν ἐπιτηδειότερος ὁ Πειραιεὺς ἐφαίνετό οἱ προκεῖσθαι καὶ λιμένας τρεῖς ἀνθʼ ἑνὸς ἔχειν τοῦ Φαληροῖ---τοῦτό σφισιν ἐπίνειον εἶναι κατεσκευάσατο· καὶ νεὼς καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἦσαν οἶκοι καὶ πρὸς τῷ μεγίστῳ λιμένι τάφος Θεμιστοκλέους. φασὶ γὰρ μεταμελῆσαι τῶν ἐς Θεμιστοκλέα Ἀθηναίοις καὶ ὡς οἱ προσήκοντες τὰ ὀστᾶ κομίσαιεν ἐκ Μαγνησίας ἀνελόντες· φαίνονται δὲ οἱ παῖδες οἱ Θεμιστοκλέους καὶ κατελθόντες καὶ γραφὴν ἐς τὸν Παρθενῶνα ἀναθέντες, ἐν ᾗ Θεμιστοκλῆς ἐστι γεγραμμένος.

Proper Nouns:

Θεμιστοκλῆς Θεμιστοκλῆς Θησεύς Μίνως Μαγνησία Μενεσθεύς Παρθενών Πειραιεύς Τροία Φαληρόν Φαληρόν Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀνδρόγεως

Peiraeus was a deme from ancient times, but before Themistocles came to power among the Athenians, it was not their harbor. Instead, Phalerum—which is there where the sea is nearest to the city—served as their harbor. It is said that from this very place Menestheus set sail with his ships for Troy, and even before him, Theseus, as he journeyed to deliver justice to Minos for the death of Androgeos. But when Themistocles attained power—seeing clearly that Peiraeus was more advantageous for navigation and that it offered three harbors instead of the one at Phalerum—he established this place as their harbor. Even down to my own day, there persisted ship-sheds and houses, as well as the tomb of Themistocles beside the largest harbor. For it is said that the Athenians came to regret their treatment of Themistocles, and his relatives recovered his bones from Magnesia and brought them home. Moreover, his descendants returned and dedicated a painting in the Parthenon, in which Themistocles himself is depicted.

Passage 1.1.3 Class: Historical

θέας δὲ ἄξιον τῶν ἐν Πειραιεῖ μάλιστα Ἀθηνᾶς ἐστι καὶ Διὸς τέμενος· χαλκοῦ μὲν ἀμφότερα τὰ ἀγάλματα, ἔχει δὲ ὁ μὲν σκῆπτρον καὶ Νίκην, ἡ δὲ Ἀθηνᾶ δόρυ. ἐνταῦθα Λεωσθένην, ὃς Ἀθηναίοις καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἕλλησιν ἡγούμενος Μακεδόνας ἔν τε Βοιωτοῖς ἐκράτησε μάχῃ καὶ αὖθις ἔξω Θερμοπυλῶν καὶ βιασάμενος ἐς Λάμιαν κατέκλεισε τὴν ἀπαντικρὺ τῆς Οἴτης, τοῦτον τὸν Λεωσθένην καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἔγραψεν Ἀρκεσίλαος . ἔστι δὲ τῆς στοᾶς τῆς μακρᾶς, ἔνθα καθέστηκεν ἀγορὰ τοῖς ἐπὶ θαλάσσης---καὶ γὰρ τοῖς ἀπωτέρω τοῦ λιμένος ἐστὶν ἑτέρα---, τῆς δὲ ἐπὶ θαλάσσης στοᾶς ὄπισθεν ἑστᾶσι Ζεὺς καὶ Δῆμος, Λεωχάρους ἔργον. πρὸς δὲ τῇ θαλάσσῃ Κόνων ᾠκοδόμησεν Ἀφροδίτης ἱερόν, τριήρεις Λακεδαιμονίων κατεργασάμενος περὶ Κνίδον τὴν ἐν τῇ Καρικῇ χερρονήσῳ. Κνίδιοι γὰρ τιμῶσιν Ἀφροδίτην μάλιστα, καί σφισιν ἔστιν ἱερὰ τῆς θεοῦ· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἀρχαιότατον Δωρίτιδος, μετὰ δὲ τὸ Ἀκραίας, νεώτατον δὲ ἣν Κνιδίαν οἱ πολλοί, Κνίδιοι δὲ αὐτοὶ καλοῦσιν Εὔπλοιαν.

Proper Nouns:

Βοιωτοί Δωρίτις Δῆμος Εὔπλοια Ζεύς Ζεύς Θερμοπύλαι Καρία Κνίδιοι Κνίδος Κνιδία Κόνων Λάμια Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λεωσθένης Λεωχάρης Μακεδόνες Νίκη Οἴτη Πειραιεύς Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀκραία Ἀρκεσίλαος Ἀφροδίτη Ἀφροδίτη Ἕλληνες

Of the things most worthy to see in Piraeus is especially the sanctuary of Athena and Zeus. Their statues are both of bronze; Zeus holds a sceptre and a Nike, while Athena holds a spear. Here Arcesilaus depicted Leosthenes and his children—Leosthenes, who commanded the Athenians and all the Greeks, overcame the Macedonians in battle in Boeotia, defeated them again outside Thermopylae, and then compelled them into Lamia opposite Mount Oeta. Near the long colonnade, where a marketplace has been established for those at sea (for there is another market further away from the harbour), stand behind the maritime Stoa images of Zeus and the People (Demos), the work of Leochares. Near the sea Conon built a sanctuary of Aphrodite, after overwhelming the triremes of the Lacedaemonians around Cnidus at the Carian peninsula. The people of Cnidus especially honour Aphrodite, and have sanctuaries dedicated to the goddess: the oldest belongs to Aphrodite Doritis, the next oldest to Aphrodite Akraia, while the latest and generally named Cnidia—though the people of Cnidus themselves call her Euploia.

Passage 1.1.4 Class: Mythic

ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλος Ἀθηναίοις ὁ μὲν ἐπὶ Μουνυχίᾳ λιμὴν καὶ Μουνυχίας ναὸς Ἀρτέμιδος, ὁ δὲ ἐπὶ Φαληρῷ, καθὰ καὶ πρότερον εἴρηταί μοι, καὶ πρὸς αὐτῷ Δήμητρος ἱερόν. ἐνταῦθα καὶ Σκιράδος Ἀθηνᾶς ναός ἐστι καὶ Διὸς ἀπωτέρω, βωμοὶ δὲ θεῶν τε ὀνομαζομένων Ἀγνώστων καὶ ἡρώων καὶ παίδων τῶν Θησέως καὶ Φαληροῦ· τοῦτον γὰρ τὸν Φαληρὸν Ἀθηναῖοι πλεῦσαι μετὰ Ἰάσονός φασιν ἐς Κόλχους. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀνδρόγεω βωμὸς τοῦ Μίνω, καλεῖται δὲ Ἥρωος· Ἀνδρόγεω δὲ ὄντα ἴσασιν οἷς ἐστιν ἐπιμελὲς τὰ ἐγχώρια σαφέστερον ἄλλων ἐπίστασθαι.

Proper Nouns:

Δήμητρα Ζεύς Θησεύς Κόλχοι Μίνως Μουνυχία Μουνυχία Φαληρόν Φαληρός Ἀγνώστοι Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀνδρόγεως Ἄρτεμις Ἰάσων

The Athenians have also other harbors: one at Munychia, along with the temple of Artemis Munychia, and the other at Phalerum, as I have previously mentioned, where nearby stands a sanctuary of Demeter. Here there is also a temple of Athena Sciras, and farther off one of Zeus, as well as altars dedicated to gods called Unknown, to heroes, to the sons of Theseus, and to Phalerus. This Phalerus, according to the Athenians, sailed with Jason to Colchis. There is also an altar dedicated to Androgeus, the son of Minos, which is named the altar of the Hero. Those who carefully study local traditions know more precisely than others that this altar belongs to Androgeus.

Passage 1.1.5 Class: Historical

ἀπέχει δὲ σταδίους εἴκοσιν ἄκρα Κωλιάς· ἐς ταύτην φθαρέντος τοῦ ναυτικοῦ τοῦ Μήδων κατήνεγκεν ὁ κλύδων τὰ ναυάγια. Κωλιάδος δέ ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα Ἀφροδίτης ἄγαλμα καὶ Γενετυλλίδες ὀνομαζόμεναι θεαί· δοκῶ δὲ καὶ Φωκαεῦσι τοῖς ἐν Ἰωνίᾳ θεάς, ἃς καλοῦσι Γενναΐδας, εἶναι ταῖς ἐπὶ Κωλιάδι τὰς αὐτάς. ---ἔστι δὲ κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν ἐς Ἀθήνας ἐκ Φαληροῦ ναὸς Ἥρας οὔτε θύρας ἔχων οὔτε ὄροφον· Μαρδόνιόν φασιν αὐτὸν ἐμπρῆσαι τὸν Γωβρύου. τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα τὸ νῦν δή, καθὰ λέγουσιν, Ἀλκαμένους ἐστὶν ἔργον· οὐκ ἂν τοῦτό γε ὁ Μῆδος εἴη λελωβημένος.

Proper Nouns:

Γενετυλλίδες Γενναΐδες Γωβρύης Κωλιάς Κωλιάς Κωλιάς Μαρδόνιος Μῆδος Μῆδος Φάληρον Φωκαεὺς Ἀθῆναι Ἀλκαμένης Ἀφροδίτη Ἥρα Ἰωνία

Cape Colias is twenty stadia distant; to this promontory the waves carried the wreckage when the Persian fleet was destroyed. Here at Colias there is a statue of Aphrodite, and deities called the Genetyllides. I believe that goddesses worshipped by the Phocaeans in Ionia, whom they call Gennaides, are identical with those at Colias. On the road from Phalerum to Athens there is a temple of Hera which has neither doors nor roof; it is said to have been burned by Mardonius, the son of Gobryas. But the image currently set up there, according to report, is the work of Alcamenes—one which the Persian surely did not injure.

Legend:

Chapter 1.1