Sentence-level words and phrases that predict skepticism vs. non-skepticism
The following metrics are from the logistic regression classifier's performance on the test set:
| Class | Precision | Recall | F1-Score | Support |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-skeptical | 0.916 | 0.811 | 0.861 | 487 |
| Skeptical | 0.357 | 0.586 | 0.443 | 87 |
| Overall Accuracy | 0.777 | 574 | ||
| Word/Phrase | English | Coefficient | Skeptical Count | Non-skeptical Count | p-value | q-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| λέγεται | it is said | 5.0004 | 45 | 14 | 2.66e-26 | 2.66e-23 |
| φασιν | they say | 4.7684 | 37 | 16 | 1.63e-19 | 5.45e-17 |
| λέγουσιν | they say | 4.0898 | 57 | 45 | 3.36e-22 | 1.68e-19 |
| φασὶν | they say | 3.9351 | 24 | 7 | 8e-15 | 1.6e-12 |
| λέγουσι | they say | 3.2570 | 33 | 25 | 1.53e-13 | 2.56e-11 |
| εἶναι | to be | 3.0711 | 81 | 122 | 6.13e-19 | 1.53e-16 |
| εἴτε | whether | 3.0380 | 10 | 1 | 6.12e-08 | 6.8e-06 |
| φασὶ | they say | 2.8431 | 14 | 6 | 3.43e-08 | 4.29e-06 |
| ποιῆσαι | to make; to do | 2.2917 | 10 | 5 | 6.72e-06 | 0.00042 |
| γενέσθαι | to become | 2.2142 | 40 | 56 | 2.31e-10 | 3.3e-08 |
| ὑπὸ | under; beneath; by (of agent) | 2.2040 | 62 | 179 | 1.12e-05 | 0.000591 |
| εἰ | if | 2.1574 | 16 | 27 | 0.000403 | 0.0134 |
| ἐγὼ | I | 2.1424 | 9 | 8 | 0.000303 | 0.0112 |
| φασι | they say | 2.1262 | 10 | 6 | 1.68e-05 | 0.00084 |
| οὐδένα | no one | 2.0824 | 8 | 7 | 0.000618 | 0.0187 |
| οὐ | not | 2.0684 | 42 | 165 | 0.046 | 0.411 |
| ἄνδρα | man | 2.0171 | 13 | 18 | 0.000345 | 0.0122 |
| ὡσ | as; like; how; that; when | 1.9777 | 69 | 190 | 7.41e-07 | 6.17e-05 |
| τὸν | the | 1.8017 | 111 | 387 | 4.81e-06 | 0.000344 |
| διάφορα | various things | 1.6747 | 6 | 7 | 0.00838 | 0.135 |
| ὀστᾶ | bones | 1.6486 | 6 | 4 | 0.00151 | 0.0386 |
| δοκεῖν | to seem; to think | 1.6335 | 12 | 13 | 0.000111 | 0.00463 |
| ἔχει | he/she/it has | 1.5938 | 15 | 51 | 0.109 | 0.622 |
| δοκῶ | I seem | 1.5512 | 8 | 2 | 9.61e-06 | 0.000539 |
| μεγαρεῖσ | Megarians | 1.5365 | 7 | 7 | 0.00234 | 0.0532 |
| ποταμὸν | river | 1.5060 | 6 | 6 | 0.00486 | 0.0868 |
| εἴη | may it be; let it be | 1.5048 | 7 | 9 | 0.00654 | 0.111 |
| ἐθέλουσιν | they are willing | 1.4723 | 6 | 5 | 0.00258 | 0.0562 |
| οἶδα | I know | 1.4363 | 10 | 16 | 0.00394 | 0.0796 |
| οἱ δὲ | but they | 1.4353 | 20 | 58 | 0.0167 | 0.226 |
| Word/Phrase | English | Coefficient | Skeptical Count | Non-skeptical Count | p-value | q-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| σφισιν | to them | -1.4318 | 6 | 82 | 0.0135 | 0.19 |
| καὶ | and | -1.3410 | 270 | 1564 | 0.253 | 0.837 |
| τούτοισ | to these | -1.3109 | 1 | 30 | 0.075 | 0.517 |
| ἔτι | still; yet | -1.1907 | 13 | 114 | 0.0882 | 0.58 |
| ἱερὸν | temple; sanctuary | -1.1090 | 3 | 63 | 0.00917 | 0.146 |
| ἦν | was | -1.0803 | 15 | 110 | 0.28 | 0.899 |
| πλησίον | near; nearby; close (to); neighbor (as a noun) | -1.0095 | 4 | 48 | 0.171 | 0.724 |
| χώραν | land | -1.0052 | 2 | 24 | 0.413 | 0.936 |
| δὲ τῆσ | but of the | -0.9875 | 1 | 29 | 0.0737 | 0.516 |
| αὐτῆι | to her | -0.9801 | 1 | 20 | 0.234 | 0.814 |
| ὑπὲρ | over, above; on behalf of/for the sake of; beyond | -0.9343 | 9 | 65 | 0.434 | 0.963 |
| καί οἱ | and to him | -0.9159 | 2 | 33 | 0.154 | 0.687 |
| ἐν | in; at; on; among | -0.9148 | 95 | 535 | 0.861 | 1 |
| πρὶν | before | -0.9085 | 6 | 30 | 0.821 | 1 |
| πύρροσ | Pyrrhus | -0.9057 | 0 | 19 | 0.0999 | 0.609 |
| δὲ ὑπὸ | but by | -0.9038 | 4 | 21 | 0.786 | 1 |
| αὐτίκα | immediately; at once | -0.8908 | 2 | 24 | 0.413 | 0.936 |
| ἀθηναίοισ | to/for the Athenians | -0.8710 | 9 | 72 | 0.268 | 0.869 |
| ἐπὶ | on, upon; at; to/toward; against | -0.8523 | 53 | 355 | 0.154 | 0.687 |
| ὕδωρ | water | -0.8445 | 6 | 29 | 0.764 | 1 |
| θάλασσαν | sea | -0.8347 | 2 | 23 | 0.412 | 0.936 |
| πόλεισ | cities | -0.8178 | 0 | 26 | 0.0247 | 0.288 |
| θεὸσ | god | -0.8089 | 0 | 16 | 0.154 | 0.687 |
| θέασ | of a view | -0.7983 | 1 | 27 | 0.11 | 0.622 |
| ἀθηναῖοι | Athenians | -0.7965 | 4 | 46 | 0.169 | 0.72 |
| ἐπʼ | on; upon; at; against (depending on case) | -0.7933 | 8 | 62 | 0.344 | 0.936 |
| ἐστίν | is (he/she/it is) | -0.7864 | 0 | 23 | 0.0382 | 0.364 |
| ἐστιν | is | -0.7844 | 25 | 248 | 0.00166 | 0.0405 |
| δὲ τοῦ | and of the | -0.7771 | 7 | 51 | 0.476 | 0.989 |
| μακεδόνων | of the Macedonians | -0.7732 | 0 | 31 | 0.01 | 0.15 |